1.1. o "py" "opeco"
o opeee A. Mapaa, py o "coe yceoe ecoe yce, pepaeoe aco eo c e oce aoo-o peyaa,e ca yoeope, oyaeoo eocpeceo o cao poeao pao" (eeo a, ..) [Mapa, C, 124]. 0ea, o o opeee o ceye eocy, oop ooc pyy "oo oce yc", Mapa oepae, o "oco e paoa opao oe, e ec o pyc -a eocpeceoro yoeope, oyaeoo o pya" [Ta e]. cppy y c, o e aee, o pec paoae cay ocoo oye aepaoo peyaa, "a o oa eoe, o y e paoy, xo oe pc e, o xopoo ee eae, epoo, ao aepecoa oyaeo o o pao oo ee" [Ta e].
Copeee aop xapaepy py ocoo a e, a Mapa . Hapep, B. oee eae, o py o eeoc, oea "o p oocpeoa oece ee aepao eoxooc" [oee. C. 15].
oepae oco pyeo copo pya cao pee ceo c e, o a poe cee aepae aa peyao yc x coe oeca (pao, peocx, poeapaa), pyxc o 1215 cy a epoe oapaee. Hayo cycco o XVIII . o aac peyeceo apcopa, ceocye, e yo ..
B o cx op coxpac ee acoo cce, p oopo pecae ce ac paxa ( e paeaa, acoc, pa a) aac yxoo eeya eeoc, a e, o o poe oocc e ace, oy aac oo aeee peae e a pya*. He cyao o ox ax ( o ce o cex cacx) coa."py" "pyo", "paoa" "pa" e e op. o ecoy opeee Apcoe, "pa oyeeoe opy, a opye eoyee pa" (, o: [Beep C, 294]).
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* B peeco oce "Maxaxapaa" o paeo a:
"Cy ace pe yocoe,
pey oc c oxoo o,
Toy pyoy cy ye,
opoe, eee,
A yoa oope yp,
Tao ao capoa yp" [BJL Maxaxapaa, C 39].
2 C.: acep M ooec coap pyccoro a M.: popecc, 1971.
C cepe XIX . accooe paeee pya Epoe Ceepo Aepe aae ec cece epo poeo peo, a ae coax peo peop o pa, epa pyx cpaax. B peyae poca pooeoc pya coax peopaoa oaec aococoe aex paoo, yeaec eoc paoeo , pacpc oooc oye opaoa ce o eeoc. Cyeceo opacae po ay, cycca execoo popecca oeca.
poecc a ocee 150200 e pao e cpyypy BB pax cpa eeceo, opaceo poeccoao aceax. eac cpyypa acee. Ec poo ee oee 2/3 acee A, pa, epa coca paoe pece, o acoee pe x o e peae 1/3. peoaaa ac acee pax cpa o eep, yee, pa, ye, ee yyp, pepae . . Ka oaa pace (c. pa. 3.3), eo e, o a peyeceo opeco, coae ooo, oc ao a yeee aoaoo oaca pax cpa.
Peya opeco eeoc ac o cocooce aoy y opeca, a ae o pa cxoorex coax aopo: yeeoc paoo, ee aoc, yco . . Haoee ea opeca paoa, oopa oec o oxoe. Cyoc oo cxooecoo coco o e co pa ye A. C. ya. Ocoeoc opeco eeoc aye cycce paccope paoax A. yaape, . apaocoo p.
ex, oy a opece cocooc, ca poecc opea cocae aoee py ac . Oa opeco o e oo yooce, o oe ea paoa. ece e opa ooaac , a oa oa yopx oco . Ka ca B. Maoc, "o a e oa pa; pa oa, o py, o eoo coa pa c o coeco py". Coocoeae "paoee pe" yeoo, cae, ooopa e ee cca. e opa oy oc oe pe, o ce o ce. a ayo cycco opee e coo poecc coo opa .
o "py" "opeco" epeo pooocac. Ta, B.oee e: "Haoee pa o opeco eeoc cpeee a peaoa ce ooo, eaucuo om eux amepuax ycou amuocmu" (eeo a. . .) [oee, C. 18]. o o, ecoeo, cyecye, oao o pe oe peaoa , o oee ao, e opaae cy ae opeca.
ppoa opecoo poecca a e eca. Beca epoo, o ye ceo oa paea coa aa: "o e o e, o ce!" [apaoc. C. 105]. Ta ooop pa co ocop p poe oo eo opaop "Coopee pa". Cc ca aa o oy, o ca ao ceee paee aoe "p":
" ... peca eo cpeee ey oo cep.
Kaoo x aaee?
cooae ocpea ey oa pea ocpee, o ao poeyo ey e py, a o Bceea caa ypee c" [ao. C. 113}
aee opeco o opeee cey opao: "...opeco oe pooe. Bce, o ae epexo e e, opeco, , eeoaeo, coae x poee cycca peeca oo aa opeco, a cex coaee x opa" [Ta e, C. 115].
orpa axc yex (. Hoa, A.yaape, A. ea, . . Meeeea p.) ceecy o o, o ya copoa opeca aye aa e eee, e cycce. Mo poe pao ox ayx e ory copooac coco, peooy cay [yaape].
Be pa, oco, o Aea (Ay A Ca), 9801037 ., oc opecy ae cpo:
" mu a mpyo om upcux aom,
Ho Beocm nocmuaem moo mom,
Kmo xom a a coem c mpon npuo
nym npooum, om pyux omu".
(Beeo a. . .; , o: [e].)
Ka o peex xapaepc opeca, eo e coco e coo caopae, coo coa ox e, opao, eoo, pcae . . a e oa e a oopo yye e oe "e aco o ex aepax yco", ocoeo aye, exe, ee pyx cepax. Ta, o opea yex, opaee, xyoo, caee, apco coca pax cpaax aey ac aoaoo oaca. poee ay cycca ao yacy ooeco oee. y pa o aop: , .
Ta opao, ooeco acee opec ceye pa o o pya, oop, payeec, ee co cxooece ocoeoc (a o pyo pya).
Hapy c pa a opeca ay po pa a pae eeoc, apaea a yxooe coepecoae eea. B o cepe opa ee ee ouee aee, e aye cycce.
Copeea ooeca eop ce oee ae yee oecy cceoa apa pee eoea, a oeceee aepa aa, yey, ocae ee, ox, oee, co . . Tao oxo xapaepe, acoc, aypeaa Hoeeco pe . eepa o eop pacpeee pee [eep].
Mey e, o a aepao pooce, aye, cycce, yxoo cepe, ocyecec po oce oe peyaa eeoc a epe ccey po, a epe ocyapcee oecee opaa, . e. ce paccopee pya a ae yacy ooeco oee, ycaaae cee x oeoc pax e epoo pee.
pacopex pecae o cyoc ax pya ceye, o p aae o "py" eoxoo e a ocox acea: coepae . ep o yc eoea o peopaoa pecypco ppo1 opeece aa, opo c, yae eoea .
1 , , , , , .
Ta opao, yo a ceyee opeeee:
Tpy o poecc peopaoa pecypco ppo aepae, eeyae yxe aa, ocyece () ypae eoeo, o o pye (acpaoy, ooecoy), o o ypeey oye, o o oy pyoy.
o acaec yoeope, oyaeoo o poecca pya, oopoe ooapaec peeo e opeee Mapaa, o oo cyeceo ac o o opeca ao e eoc, ee ee, yco ocyece, a ae o yax ocoeoce paoa. e o yoeope oyae eoe o poecca pya, e oe opax coax ycox o pep oecy.