1. Read the words, observe fhe stronger aspiration of/p, t, k/ before long vow
els and diphthongs. Compare with the Russian /ï, ò, ê/ pronounced with
out aspiration.
port tar car ïîðò
Pete table cable òîðò
power tower cow êîò
pit tip cat nap
2. Describe the difference In the transition from /p/ to Û in the words "port"
and "spot".
3. Read the pairs of words, describe the mechanism of voiceless fortis, voiced
lenis difference, which is functional here.
plight—blight try —dry crate —great found — bound tune—dune piece —bees penny—Benny park—bark twelve—dwell
4. Describe the mechanism of the articiilatory difference between the /e/ in
"hen", "hell" and between the tml in "tool", "tune".
5. Read the word combinations below. Observe and explain the mechanism of
articulation of two plosionless stops.
help Peter — ñíîï ïøåíèöû club building— êëóá áûë ïîëîí at times — îòòóäà good day — ïîä äîìîì black coffee — êàê êîãäà
6. What mechanism is affected by assimilation in the pronunciation of /r/ in
the words "string", "strike", of /m/ in the words "smell", "smoke" or 1)1 in
the words "student", "suit"?
7. Explain the mechanism of /k/ to /ö/ transition in the combination "like
that". What mistake can be made by the Russian students in the articula
tion of /êÝ/?
8. Pronounce the words and word combination. Underline the sounds affected
by assimilation, describe its type.
breadth, wealth, at that, afraid, apron, thrive
9. Pronounce the words correctly, underline the two plosives, explain the ar-
ticulatory difference in the CG transition in English and in Russian.
apt —àïòåêà helped—îáòî÷êà fact—ôàêò
shopkeeper—øàïêà begged—êîãäà
*10. Arrange these English and Russian words under the headings: (I) aspiration, no aspiration; (2) palatalization a) loose CV transition, b) close CV transition; (3) labialization, labialization with the lip protrusion.
top, bee, pit, built, port, meal, cope, deep, beauty, tarn, corn, music, pepper, onion, peace, come, lean, car, cable, lion, dean, òîïü, ïîëå, òèíà, Êîëÿ, òåñòî, ðîëü, ñèëà, ëîì, òîê, äåíü, ïåíü, ñîëü, ðÿä, ïåë, ð¸â, áóê, êèëî, ìåë, âèëû, ïîëê, êîì, äóëî, coop, tool, tall, call, gorge, goose, doom, dawn, room, thorn
*11. Arrange these words under the headings: (1) lateral plosion, (2) nasal plosion, (3) loss of plosion (two plosionless stops).
actor, curdled, muddle, needless, mottled, Britain, begged, oughtn't, at last, what kind, admit, back to back, madness, witness, big books, partner, slept, cotton, great number, sudden, captain, top coat, red light, black goat, ripe cheese, huddle, at night, good looks
*12. Explain how assimilation affects the place of articulation in the vowels, /ta:—ka:, ki:—ka-, ku:l—ki:n, jes—ipju'.te, 1:1—ki:p/
*13. Transcribe these words and word combinations. Read them. Explain possible mistakes in the close CC transition.
anecdote, birthday, blackboard, medicine, this book, let's go, what's the time, sixth, his thing, pass them, is that, fifths, Smith's there, soothes them, in the
14. Give your own examples and explain the difference between the English
and Russian articuiatory transitions in cases of (1) aspiration, (2) pala
talization, (3) labialization.
15. Give your own examples and explain the difference between the English
and Russian articulatory transitions in cases of assimilation affecting (1>
the work of the vocal cords, (2) the place of articulation and the active
organ of speech, (3) the manner of noise production, (4) the position of
the soft palate.
16. Give your own examples and explain the difference between the English
and Russian articulatory transitions in cases of the (1) nasal plosion, (2)
lateral plosion, (3) loss of plosion.
J7. Give your own examples to illustrate rf'fferent cases of elision.