The terminal tone of the final intonation group is generally determined by the communicative sentence type and the attitudes conveyed by the speaker. Statements commonly sound ■ itti the Low Fall if they express finality. In case the phrase coneys non-finality the Low Rise can be recommended, eg:
In ,my opinion | he de.served "'all he vgot. In ,my opinion | he de,served ~* all he vgot.
The choice of the terminal tones for non-final intonation groups depends on their completeness and significance.
The Low Fall is used in non-final intonation groups if they are definite, firm, complete and weighty, eg:
It's the ~* absolute x truth, | I vswear it.
It'll be xeasy | if ,Mary .helps. i
The Low Rise or the Mid Level are frequently used with non-1 final groups, when the speaker is leading up to something more j and a continuation of some sort is implied, eg:
You are Vnot 'eating ,that, | ,are you?
> Finally | I ~* bought a xpair. j
If ~* I were v you, | I'd Vwait and 'see what x happens. J
If similar terminal tones are used in both intonation groups, I the meaning of the phrase is reinforced and the general effect is. intensified, eg:
He's Vgone to the 'Far vEast | on vbusiness.
The number of intonation groups in longer sentences de
pends on the grammatical structure of the sentence and the se
mantic relationship of the sense-groups. Thus adverbial phrases,
direct address or parenthetical phrases at the beginning of a sen
tence frequently form separate intonation groups, eg: *
In "* front of the ,house | we have a ~* small vgarden.
^O/bert, | Vdo I understand you to 'say you re'fuse to help your pother?
And in vany case, | I /"don't sup'pose you were an ,hour late/then, | ,were you?
In writing punctuation marks are sometimes hints for a reader how to split the sentence into intonation groups, but they are not always dependable. Though there is often some choice in how we divide up phrases into intonation groups, the speaker should be very particular about intonation group division. There are cases, of course, when intonation group division is especially important for the meaning, eg:
My brother, who lives in Leningrad, has just bought <i new car.
The sentence may be split up in two different ways, as the number of intonation groups is important for the meaning of the sentence. If we mean that: 'The one of my brothers who lives in Leningrad has got a new car* the sentence is divided into two intonation groups: 'My brother, who lives in Leningrad. | has bought a new car.' If the sentence has three intonation groups: 'My brother, | who lives in Leningrad, | has bought a new car'. the meaning is different.
Peculiarities of intonation group division in different sentence types (simple extended, compound, complex) is a question of a more detailed description.
SIMPLE SENTENCES
STATEMENTS -----------