Ex. 12. TEST. Choose the required modal verb or its equivalent to complete each sentence.

1. In 1642, Pascal designed an adding machine, which ___ help in the computation of taxes.

A. was to C. have to

B. were able to D. was allowed to

2. I will record the film and we ___ to watch it later.

A. can C. will be able

B. is to D. were to

3. The CPU determines which operations ___ be carried out and in what order.

A. may C. are allowed to

B. are to D. has to

4. Only a few people ___ to see these files.

A. has C. are allowed

B. may D. will be able to

5. After you write your program, you ___ to test it and debug it to remove all the mistakes.

A. must C. will have

B. is able D. are allowed

6. In 1995, Philips and Sony introduced a digital videodisc (DVD), which ___ store up to 4.7 gigabytes of data.

A. are allowed to C. must

B. were to D. was able to

7. A DVD has the same dimensions as a standard CD but cannot be read by a standard CD player, although a DVD player ___ read standard CDs.

A. have to C. is able to

B. were able to D. will have to

8. Text and pictures ___ be scanned into the computer by means of this device.

A. can C. has to

B. will be able D. was allowed to

9. The ENIAC computer ___ to be rewired manually for each new task.

A. had C. were

B. must D. are

10. Information for a digital computer ___ be in the form of digits or numbers.

A. has to C. will be able to

B. may D. is to

11. Only the company’s executives ___ to use the corporate database.

A. may C. are able

B. has to D. must

12. Our lab assistant ___ repair this electronic device tomorrow.

A. were to C. is allowed to

B. will be able to D. have to