1. Nowadays all food additives come from nature.
2. Chemicals cannot make any harm to our bodies.
3. Every living and non-living thing is made up of chemicals or combinations of them.
4. Food additives are vitamins and minerals.
5. Food processors justify the use of manufactured additives.
2. Translate the following words and phrases into English:проходити декілька стадій обробітку, молоти, сіль, часник, перець, спеції, смакові добавки, барвники, привабливі, підсилювачі смаку, харчові добавки, заміняти, забруднювати організм, штучні добавки, виділяти, збагачувати, забороняти, застереження, викликати захворювання.
2. Match the words expressions on the left with the definition on the right:
A) additives
B) caution
C) ban
D) concern
E) process
1)a substance added to something in small quantities to improve or preserve it
2) warning
3) a series of actions that produce a change or development
4) make (someone) anxious or worried
5) officially or legally prohibit
3. Use the correct verb form.
Farmers often (overfertilize) because they are unaware of the specific nutrient content of their soils or the needs of their crops. Excess of fertilizer (percolate) through the soil to contaminate groundwater supplies. Nitrate levels in groundwater (rise) dangerous levels in many areas where intensive farming is practiced. Young children (be) especially sensitive to the presence of nitrates.
4. Add the prefix inter- to change the meaning of each word. Write the new words you make and translate them.
plant, action, play, change, crops, cropping
5. Write each sentence to make a new one with a passive verb phrase.
E. g. Farmers harvest the crop of sugar beet mechanically. The crop of sugar beet is harvested mechanically.
Ukrainian farmers grow barley, wheat, rye, oats, and sunflower. Farmers rear baby animals in a natural environment. You can’t eat hops. They introduced new varieties of wheat. The students will do these exercises for extra practice. The British farmers grow barley either for malting or as a food for livestock. Farmers around the world use chemicals to get rid of the pests. Great Britain exports pedigree livestock: cattle, sheep, pigs, horses to other countries. Americans invented the first successful harvesting machine and steel plow. We shall water flowers tomorrow.
6. Decide whether these words are nouns or verbs, or whether they can be both. Then sort out 3 categories:
verb verbs and nouns nouns
Cover, sharp, help, control, use, plant, water, plow, lack, want, experience, face, respect, work.
7. Read this passage to discuss advantages and disadvantages of chemical pesticides.
Chemical pesticides offer a quick, convenient, and relatively inexpensive way to eliminate annoying or destructive organism. At the same time, however, misuse of these toxic chemicals is causing some serious environmental problems as unhealthy levels of noxious pesticide residues accumulate in our environment. Excessive pesticide use also kills beneficial organisms and results in growing chemical resistance among some of our most harmful pests.
Modern chemical pesticides have saved millions of human’s lives by killing disease-causing insects and by increasing food supplies. Without modern chemical pesticides we would lose immense amounts of agricultural products. But we must understand what these pesticides are doing and use them judiciously.
8. Writing composition. Possible composition titles:
1. Soybeans and soybean products.
2. Healthy food.
3. Hybrid corn.
8. CHINA TRIES ORGANIC FARMING FOR A CHANGE
Almost any vegetable can be found in perfect form in China's open-air markets. In all this abundance, however, is an invisible threat: haphazard use of farm chemicals that leave poisonous residues. The Ministry of Agriculture is responding to rising concerns about food quality by promoting "green food", fresh and processed food certified as contamination-free. Living standards have gone up. Grain production has been basically solved and people are more concerned with the quality of their food. Many Chinese farmers and consumers have been sickened by fertilizers and pesticides in recent years. Chinese newspapers report cases like one in Guangzhou in 1996 when 112 people were hospitalized with dizziness, vomiting and stomach pains after eating fertilizer-tainted vegetables. China has farm chemical regulations that if followed precisely would leave only a negligible, safe residue on market vegetables. But authorities are unable to monitor and control chemical use on China's small family farms. When farmers find pesticides or fertilizers don't work, they tend to apply them more frequently or use something stronger. Rising use of chemical fertilizers also has caused environmental damage: hardened soil, polluted water and fish kills.
The Ministry of Agriculture's Green Food Development Center encourages farmers to supply safer food. It trains them to use traditional farming methods, such as compost for fertilizer, and biological controls, such as planting crops that repel insects next to crops the insects attack.
The center also puts its green and white logo on foods it certifies as having been grown with minimal amounts of non-toxic or low-toxic chemicals on land that is free of industrial pollution. With only one-third the world's average farmland per capita, China must rely on agricultural chemicals to farm intensively.
But it can replace chemicals with other methods on a limited scale and meet a growing demand for safer food. The Chinese are concerned about residues of farm chemicals on their food, so the market is very good for the Liuminying organic farm, a national model farm outside Beijing. People buy vegetables raised in the farm's greenhouses at a new organic foods market in Beijing. Some of the products go to restaurants that are trying to become competitive by advertising pollution-free food. The market has started because there are many people who are afraid to buy the vegetables because of chemicals and night soil - human waste used as fertilizer. But food certified as uncontaminated still represents less than one per cent of all food grown in China. Agricultural officials estimate consumers will pay no more than five per cent extra for it. Chinese companies are also trying to build a reputation for clean vegetables and other foods. The Ministry of Agriculture's "Green Food" logo appears on hundreds of products, including Happy Longlife coffee, Lightning River milk powder and Clear Water canned bamboo shoots.