List of abbreviations

 

À.Ñ. = (a.c.) = alternating current = ïåðåìåííûé òîê

a.f. = audio frequency = çâóêîâàÿ ÷àñòîòà

A.F.C. = automatic frequency control = àâòîìàòè÷åñêàÿ ïîäñòðîéêà ÷àñòîòû (ÀÏ×)

a.m. = ante meridiem = äî ïîëóäèÿ

Ñ. — Centigrade or Celsius = ãðàäóñ Öåëüñèÿ

cm.p.s. = centimetres per second = ñì/ñåê

c.p. = candle power = ñâå÷à

c.p.s. = cycles per second = ãåðö

db. = decibel = äåöèáåë

D.C. (d.c.) = direct current = ïîñòîÿííûé òîê

dia = diameter = äèàìåòð

dm. = decimetre = äåöèìåòð

e.g. = exempli gratia = for example, for instance = íàïðèìåð

emf. = electromotive force = ýëåêòðîäâèæóùàÿ ñèëà

etc. = and so on, and so forth = è òàê äàëåå, è òîìó ïîäîáíîå

F. = farad = 1. ôàðàäà, =;Farenheit —1. ãðàäóñ Ôàðåíãåéòà

ft. = foot = ôóò

g. = gramme = ãðàìì

h.f. =high frequency = âûñîêàÿ ÷àñòîòà

hi-fi = high fidelity = âûñîêàÿ òî÷íîñòü (çâóêîâîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ)

h.p. = horsepower = ëîøàäèíàÿ ñèëà h.p. = high pressure = âûñîêîå äàâëåíèå

hr. =hour = ÷àñ

h.v. = high voltage = âûñîêîå íàïðÿæåíèå

i.e. = id est = that is = òî åñòü

i.f. = intermediate frequency = ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ ÷àñòîòà

Kc/s = kilocycles per second = êèëîãåðö

kg = kilogramme = êèëîãðàìì

Kw-hr = kilowatt-hour = êèëîâàòò-÷àñ

j = joule = äæîóëü

lb = pound = ôóíò

lit = litre = ëèòð

1m = lumen = ëþìåí

l.p. = low pressure = íèçêîå äàâëåíèå

l.v. = low voltage = íèçêîå íàïðÿæåíèå

m. = metre =ìåòð

m. = micro = ìèêðî

ml = mile = ìèëÿ

min. = minute = ìèíóòà

No; Nos. = number(s) = íîìåð (à)

pc., pcs. = piece(s) = øòóêà (-è)

p.m. = post meridiem = ïî ïîëóäíè

P.d. = potential difference = ðàçíîñòü ïîòåíöèàëîâ

p.s.f. = pounds per square foot = ôóíòîâ íà êâ. ôóò

p.s.i. = pounds per square inch = ôóíòîâ íà êâ. äþéì

Qnty = quantity = êîëè÷åñòâî

rev. = revolution = îáîðîò

r.f. = radio frequency = âûñîêàÿ ÷àñòîòà

r.p.m.(s) = revolutions per minute (second)= îáîðîòîâ â ìèíóòó (ñåêóíäó)

sc. = scale = øêàëà

sec. = second = ñåêóíäà

sq.in. = square inch = êâàäðàòíûé äþéì

s.w. = specific weight = óäåëüíûé âåñ

t. = ton = òîííà

v. = volt = Âîëüò

v.f. = video frequency = âèäåî÷àñòîòà

viz. = namely = èìåííî

vs. = versus = ïðîòèâ

v.v. = variable voltage = ïåðåìåííîå (ðåãóëèðóåìîå) íàïðÿæåíèå

v.v. = vice versa = íàîáîðîò

W. = watt = âàòò

w.g. = wire gauge = ïðîâîëî÷íûé êàëèáð

yd. = yard = ÿðä


Derivatives

1. Amplify – amplifier, amplification.

2. Attract – attractive, attractively, attraction.

3. Conduct-conductor, conductive, conductivity, conduction, superconduction, semiconductor.

4. Derive – derivative, derivation

5. Describe – description, descriptive, descriptively.

6. Design-designer.

7. Develop-development-developer-developed-developing.

8. Differ – different, difference, differently.

9. Divide – division, dividend, divisor, divider.

10. Define – definite, definition, indefinitely.

11. Direct – directly, director, direction, directive.

12. Equal – equally, equality, equation, equalize, equalizer, equalization.

13. Effect – effective, effectiveness, effectively, ineffective.

14. Economic-economical-economically-economize;

15. Efficient-efficiency-efficiently;

16. Generate-generator-generation-generative;

17. Insulate – insulation, insulative, insulatively, insulator

18. Invent-inventor-inventive-invention;

19. Local – locally, locality, localize, localization, locate, location.

20. Nature – natural, naturally, native, naturalize, naturalization.

21. Multiply – multiplication, multiple, multiplicant, multiplier.

22. Operate – operator, operation, operative.

23. Observe – observer, observatory, observation.

24. Produce – product, productive, productivity, production, productively, producer.

25. Pollute-polluter-pollutant-pollution.

26. Possible-possibly-impossible-possibility.

27. Perform-performing-performance.

28. Real – really, realist, realize, reality, realization.

29. Relate – relation, relative, relativity, relatively.

30. Respect – respection, respectly, respective, respectivity, respectful, respectless.

31. Replace-replacement;

32. Reliable-reliability-reliably.

33. Science – scientist, scientific.

34. Special – specially, speciality, specialist, specialize, specialization.

35. Strong – strongly, strength, strengthen.

36. Transform-transformer-transformation.

37. Use – user, useless, useful, uselessness, usage.

38. Vary-variety-various.

39. Weigh – weight, weightless, weightlessness.

40. Wide – widely, width, widen.

 

Synonyms

1. aid, help.

2. amount, quantity.

3. beam, ray;

4. complex, complicated, sophisticated.

5. convenient, suitable, comfortable.

6. device, gadget, instrument, appliance;

7. different, various, another.

8. efficient, productive;

9. job, work; performance;

10. material, substance, matter;

11. method, technique;

12. movement, motion;

13. necessary, important, essential, main, fundamental, basic, major, chief.

14. new, modern, up-to-date, present, most recent, latest.

15. power, energy;

16. purity, cleanness;

17. purpose, aim, goal; objective;

18. quick, fast, rapid;

19. similar, alike;

20. simple, easy;

21. small, tiny, little;

22. smart, clever, intelligent;

23. speed, velocity, rate of motion;

24. steady, fixed, stable;

25. stream, flow;

26. sufficient, enough;

27. to achieve, to reach, to get, to obtain;

28. to allow, to permit, to let;

29. to call, to name, to term;

30. to change, to differ, to alter, to vary;

31. to complete, to finish, to stop, to end, to terminate;

32. to connect, to join, to combine;

33. to damage, to break, to destroy; to ruin;

34. to do, to make, to fulfill, to realize, to perform, to operate, to produce, to manufacture, to work;

35. to happen, to occur, to take place;

36. to initiate, to start, to begin, to enter;

37. to investigate, to research, to explore, to study;

38. to select, to choose;

39. to use, to utilize, to apply, to employ, to consume;

40. tremendous, large, big, great, gigantic, enormous, huge;

41. true, correct, right, real;

42. transformer, transducer.

 

30. correct – wrong; 31. continue – interrupt; 32. free – bound; 33. presence – absence; 34. remain – leave; 35. begin – complete, finish 36. safe – dangerous  
Opposites

1. below – above;

2. useful – useless;

3. advantage – disadvantage;

4. low – high;

5. to lose – to find; to get; to obtain;

6. tiny – huge;

7. liquid – solid;

8. further – nearer;

9. cooling – heating;

10. outside – inside;

11. capable – incapable;

12. limited – limitless; unlimited;

13. to enter – to graduate from;

14. at present – in the past;

15. efficient – inefficient;

16. far from – close to;

17. to build – to break;

18. to lift – to descend;

19. majority – minority;

20. external – internal;

21. slow – quick, rapid, fast;

22. simple – complicated, sophisticated;

23. constant – variable;

24. increase – decrease, reduce;

25. inner – outer;

26. attract – repel;

27. different – similar;

28. partial – total;

29. strong – weak;