ÒÍÅ LAW
I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
complex – ñëîæíûé
dynamic – äèíàìè÷íûé
social – îáùåñòâåííûé
phenomenon – ÿâëåíèå
to consist of – ñîñòîÿòü èç
legislative – çàêîíîäàòåëüíûé
rule – ïîñòàíîâëåíèå
court – ñóä
decision – ðåøåíèå
define – îïðåäåëÿòü
relations – îòíîøåíèÿ
among – ìåæäó
individual – îòäåëüíîå ëèöî, ëè÷íîñòü, èíäèâèä
state – ãîñóäàðñòâî, ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé
area – îáëàñòü
criminal – óãîëîâíûé
civil – ãðàæäàíñêèé
tî establish – ó÷ðåæäàòü, óñòàíàâëèâàòü
to maintain – ïîääåðæèâàòü
order – ïîðÿäîê
to protect – çàùèùàòü
society – îáùåñòâî
act – äåéñòâèå, ïîñòóïîê
to deal (with) – èìåòü äåëî (ñ)
between – ìåæäó
government – ïðàâèòåëüñòâî
part – ÷àñòü
to determine – óñòàíàâëèâàòü
right – ïðàâî
person – ÷åëîâåê, ëè÷íîñòü
property – ñîáñòâåííîñòü
to exist – ñóùåñòâîâàòü
branch – îòðàñëü
administrative – àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûé
financial – ôèíàíñîâûé
land – çåìëÿ, çåìåëüíûé
labour – òðóä, òðóäîâîé
family – ñåìüÿ, ñåìåéíûé
penal – óãîëîâíî-èñïîëíèòåëüíûé
and others – è äðóãèå
science – íàóêà
Ñriminalistics – êðèìèíàëèñòèêà
Ñriminology – êðèìèíîëîãèÿ
Ñorrective Pedagogy – èñïðàâèòåëüíàÿ (ïåíèòåíöèàðíàÿ) ïåäàãîãèêà
psychology – ïñèõîëîãèÿ
some – íåêîòîðûé
to use – èñïîëüçîâàòü
court – ñóä
power – âëàñòü
law enforcement – ïðàâîîõðàíèòåëüíûå îðãàíû
main – îñíîâíîé, ãëàâíûé
source – èñòî÷íèê
legislation – çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî
juridical – þðèäè÷åñêèé
body – îðãàí, îðãàíèçàöèÿ
constitutional – êîíñòèòóöèîííûé
court of general jurisdiction – ñóä îáùåé þðèñäèêöèè
court of arbitration – àðáèòðàæíûé ñóä
II. Read the text:
WHAT IS LAW?
Law is à complex, dynamic social ðhånîmånîn. It consists of legislative rules and court decisions. Law defines relations among individuals and groups, among individuals and the state.
There àrå two big areas of law: the «Criminal Law» area and the «Civil Law» area.
Criminal Law is established to maintain ðåàñå and order, to protect society from antisocial acts of individuals. It deals with relations between governments and individuals îr groups.
Civil Law is the part of law that defines and determines the rights of individuals in protecting person or property.
There exist different branches of law: state law, administrative law, financial law, land law, labour law, family law, penal law and others.
There are manó sciences, disciplines and professions which deal with law. These are, for example: Criminalistics, Criminology, Corrective Pedagogy and Psychology and some others.
When governments make laws they use the system of courts ànd the power of law enforcement. The main source of law is legislation. The main juridical bodies of à state are the Constitutional court, courts of general jurisdiction, courts of arbitration, administrative bodies, etc.
III. Do the following exercises: