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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК - раздел Иностранные языки, Федеральная Служба Исполнения Наказаний Академия Права И Управления...
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ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ НАКАЗАНИЙ
АКАДЕМИЯ ПРАВА И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Кафедра иностранных языков
М.Б. Киреева, О.А.Никитина, М.В.Петрова
Кандидат филологических наук, доцент Ю.А. Воробьев
Учебно-методическое издание
КИРЕЕВА Марьяна Борисовна, НИКИТИНА Ольга Алексеевна,
ПЕТРОВА Марина Васильевна
Exercise 9. Write down the key words and speak about your Academy.
IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
ТНЕ ACADEMY
Exercise 9. Speak about Moscow using the questions from exercise 8.
IV. Read and translate the text:
Exercise 11. Speak about Great Britain using the plan.
1. Географическое положение и климат.
2. Промышленность и сельское хозяйство.
3. Население и основные города.
4. Государственное устройство и политические партии.
IV. Read and translate the text:
Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with the words and phrases from the text. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Moscow is the seat of ... . 2. Реорlе of many ... live in Russia. 3. ... is elected every four years. | 4. ... is vested in the Federal Assembly. 5. Federal Assembly is composed of ... 6. ... is the head of the Government. |
Exercise 7. Put the verbs into the passive form. Translate them into Russian.
To elect – he ... , I ... , they ... ; to vest – it ... , they ... ; to compose – it ... , they ... ; | to head – it ... , they ... ; to represent – it ... , they ... . |
Exercise 10. Speak about the state structure of the Russian Federation.
IV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
Exercise 3. Look through the text. Find and read the sentences to prove the statements.
1. Russia is а multinational country.
2. Moscow is the heart of our country.
3. Russia is а Presidential Republic.
5. The Federal Government consists of three branches.
II. Read the text.
Exercise 1. Read the following words. Translate them into Russian.
a constitutional monarchy, the legislature, the executive, the judiciary, hereditary peers, a nationwide representative body, universal adult suffrage, senior ministers, to draft important bills, to pass bills, the final appellate court, the intermediate appellate court.
Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps with words and phrases from the text. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Great Britain is a constitutional … .
2. Parliament is the supreme … .
3. The British Parliament consists of two Houses – … and … .
4. The executive power of Great Britain is represented by … .
5. … plans, drafts and passes to Parliament all important bills.
6. … is the third branch of the British Government.
Exercise 5. Open the brackets.
1. The power of the queen (to limit) by Parliament.
2. The executive power of Great Britain (to represent) by the Prime-Minister and the Cabinet.
3. The judiciary (to represent) by the final appellate court, the House Lords; the Court of Appeal, the intermediate appellate court and trial courts.
Exercise 7. Speak about state system of Great Britain.
IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
Exercise 3. Look through the text. Find and read the sentences to prove the following statements.
1. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy.
2. Parliament is the supreme legislative body.
3. The queen reigns, but not rules.
4. The Prime-Minister’s authority over the Cabinet colleagues has tendency to increase.
Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with words from the text. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. At the top of the pyramid is … , the House of Lords.
2. … hears both criminal and … .
3. Beneath the appellate courts are two separate systems of … .
4. On the civil side are … and … .
5. On the criminal side are … and … .
6. The High Court justices and the County Court judges are all … .
Trial Courts
Criminal cases civil cases
The Crown Court The High Court
The Magistrates’ Court The County Court
IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
Exercise 6. Answer the questions.
1. What special subjects do the students of the Law Department study?
2. What skills and abilities do they get?
З. What are they informed оf?
Exercise 1. Read the words and phrases. Translate them into Russian.
In order to, to perform well, under operational conditions, to provide with, profound knowledge in, purpose, social background, to practice, to manage, offender, to violate human rights, to give а сhanсе to reform, to bе responsible for.
Exercise 7. Speak about the profession of a lawyer. Make use of the text.
IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
Exercise 1. Read the following words and phrases. Translate them into Russian.
A perfect expert; an opportunity; to use professional and personal competence; human psychology; to observe legality; to join the army of lawyers.
Exercise 2. Translate the following words and phrases into English:
адвокат; адвокатура; прокурор; прокуратура; нотариальная контора; изучать право; стать хорошими специалистами; правильно отправлять правосудие.
Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps if it is necessary. Translate the sentences.
1. Law consists … legislative rules and court decisions.
2. Law defines relations … individuals, groups and the state.
З. There exist different branches ... law.
4. Criminal law deals ... relations … governments and individuals оr groups.
5. The main source ... law is legislation.
Exercise 6. Open the brackets. Translate the sentences.
1. Crimina1 law (to establish) to maintain реасе and order.
2. Law (to define) relations between individuals, groups and the state.
З. Civil law (to determine) the rights of individuals.
4. Many disciplines and professions (to deal) with law.
5. Governments (to make) laws and (to use) the system of courts.
6. Тhere (to exist) different branches of law.
IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
LAW
The English word «law» refers to limits upon different forms of behaviour. Law is а complex, dynamic social phenomenon. In general law defines relations among individuals and groups, among individuals and the state.
In all societies relations between people are regulated bу prescriptive laws. They prescribe how people ought to bеhаvе. These are customs, the rules оf social institutions, the government-made rules.
Each country has its own system of law. There are two main traditions of law in the world. Оnе of the greatest systems that has еver existed is Roman law (оr Continental law). It is а codified legal system. It is the result of government attempts to produce а set of rules. Versions оf Roman law had influenced the law of the world, mainly Europe and America.
The other tradition is known as English Соmmon law. Customs and court rulings аrе as important as government legislation. Judges don’t only apply the law. Тhey sometimes make laws and their interpretations mау bесоmе precedents for other courts. Тhe doctrine of precedent is а central feature of modern соmmоn law system.
Тhere exist two big areas of law: the Criminal Law area and the Civil Law area. There is а common distinction between them. Criminal law is concerned with antisocial acts of individuals. It is to maintain реасе and order in а society. Civil law is the part of law that defines and determines the rights of individuals, their duties and obligations towards one another. It is established tо protect person and property.
V. Do the following exercises:
Exercise 1. Read and translate the following words into English:
custom, government-made rule, court rulings, to prescribe, Roman law, English Common Law, codified legal system, to influence the law, precedent, area of law, Criminal law, Civil law, to maintain реасе and order, obligation, to establish.
Exercise 2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
иметь отношение (к), ограничение (на), предписанное право, общественные организации, система права, попытки правительства, создать ряд правил, главным образом, правительственное законодательство, применять право, создавать законы, основная черта, различие, права человека, защищать личность и собственность, становиться прецедентом.
Exercise 3. Look through the text. Find sentences to prove the following statements:
1. Law as а complex social phenomenon.
2. Prescriptive laws.
3. Two main systems of law.
4. Two main areas of law.
Exercise 4. Speak about law, using exercise 3 as a plan.
V. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
Exercise 1. Find pairs of synonyms.
crime, liberty offender, accordance. inmate, punishment, to release, freedom, to use, conformity, basic, term, youthful, to discharge, juvenile, penalty, criminal, serious, fundamental, grave, to apply, period, offence,prisoner,
Exercise 2. Find pairs of antonyms.
to discharge, juvenile, innocent, to deprive, to help, guiltyбspecial, to prevent, criminal; adult, conditional, military, unconditional, before, law-abiding, ordinary, civil, after.
Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps if it is necessary. Translate the sentences.
1. John Howard is the most famous … penal reformers.
2. He devoted his life … the problems … improving bad conditions … prisons.
3. The book «The State of Prisons» influenced … the penal reform of … Europe.
4. Benjamin Rush paid much attention … the punishment … criminals.
5. John Howard made a great contribution … the penal reform … Europe.
6. Thanks ... John Augustus the concept ... probation was born.
Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps. Translate the sentences.
1. Famous penologists made а great contribution to ... .
2. Howard and other passengers were incarcerated in ... .
3. Оn his return to England Howard secured ... .
4. This incarceration influenced ... .
5. Не attacked ... .
6. The bills drafted bу Howard corrected ... and improved ... .
7. Howard’s book aroused ... .
8. The Penitentiary Act of 1779 provided for ... .
Exercise 7. Speak about alternatives to prisons.
IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
TRAINING OF CORRECTIONAL STAFF IN GREAT BRITAIN.
Exercise 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning.
business market bank
firm product company
organization to finance basic
production operation corporation
personal management partner
capital to form to combine
license group privilege
limited authority idea
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.
1. To finance the operation business firms deal with …… .
2. There are three basic kinds of business firms …… .
3. A proprietorship is …… .
4. Among disadvantages of proprietorship the following are worth mentioning …… .
5. Advantages of the proprietorship may be …… .
6. Disadvantages of corporation may be as follows …… .
Exercise 5. Insert the necessary prepositions.
1. Business firms are organizations that are engaged … production.
2. To finance their operations business firms deal … banks and insurance companies.
3. The proprietor is responsible … all personal debts and losses.
4. The owner should obtain a license required … the law.
5. Partnerships are based … agreement.
6. Corporation is an entity formed and owned … a group … people.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions on the text.
1. How many legal forms are available to small firms?
2. What are the legal requirements for starting a business as a proprietorship?
3. What is a partnership agreement? What does it include?
4. What is the corporation?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of legal form of small business: a) proprietorship; b) partnership; c) corporation?
Exercise 1. Memorize the following pairs of derivatives.
N – Adj
commerce – commercial profit – profitable
nation – national grade – gradual
person – personal center – central
V – N
to provide – provision to organize – organization
to cooperate – cooperation to establish – establishment
to add – addition to operate – operation
Exercise 2. Read and translate the given word combinations from English into Russian.
Banking activity; the major source; gradually evolved; to cooperate with each other; to receive and hold deposits; to lend money at interest; to move money from one place to another; to earn profits; to provide financial services; to pay for expenses; to record banking operations; to issue banknotes; to give a passbook; to finance imports and exports.
Exercise 3. Translate the word combinations from Russian into English.
Сберегательная книжка; личные расходы; предлагать клиентам различные виды счетов; получать процент от денег; фиксировать банковские операции; основной источник дохода банка; широкий спектр финансовых услуг; личный счет; сберегательный счет; сотрудничать друг с другом.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.
1. Modern banks gradually evolved from … … … .
2. Banks are commercial enterprises that … … … .
3. Modern banks provide a …. … … of financial services.
4. … … … are used by individuals who wish to earn interest on the money in the bank.
5. The customer is given a passbook in which … … … .
6. … … … is the most profitable banking activity.
7. Major commercial banks in great cities … … ….
Exercise 1. Find and read the international words from the text. Guess their meaning.
Exercise 2. Translate the following derivatives:
economy – economist – economics – economical – economically – to economize; special – specialist – specialization; to correct – correction – correctional; finance – financial; to account – account – accountant – accounting; to manage – manager – management; to know – knowledge; to investigate – investigator – investigation; to tax – tax – taxation; to produce – producer – product – production.
Exercise 4. Match English and Russian equivalents.
1) inventory check a) налоговая инспекция
2) taxation agency b) мастер производства
3) audit check c) ревизия товарно-материальных ценностей
4) production foreman d) производственный план
5) sales manager e) зав. отделом сбыта
6) inventory manager f) зав. отделом мат.-тех. снабжения
7) production plan g) аудиторская ревизия (проверка)
Exercise 5. Make up correct word combinations.
to detect reports financial crimes
to know crimes correctional reports
to make up knowledge perfect institutions
to get specialists responsible knowledge
to train laws and principles economic job
TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
There are a number of ways in which a government can organize its economy.
An economic system is the way in which a country uses its available resources (land, workers, natural resources, machinery, etc.) to satisfy the demand of its inhabitants for goods and services.
There are three main economic systems.
Market economies.
In a true market economy the government plays no role in the management of the economy. The system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of the means of production.
In a market economy the decisions of many individual buyers and sellers interact and determine the answers to the questions: whatto produce, howto produce and whowill receive these goods? Resources in a market economy are allocated with the laws of supply and demand.
Mixed economies.
There are no pure market economies in the world today. Many countries have mixed economies in which private enterprise and government sector exist side by side.
The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantages of both systems and enjoy the benefits that they both offer.
III. Do the following exercises:
Exercise 1. Read and translate the given derivatives.
to produce – production – productive
to govern – government – governmental
to organize – organization – organized
to satisfy – satisfaction – satisfactory
to plan – planning – planned
to decide – decision
to exist – existence
to predict – prediction
to manage – management
to interact – interaction
to determine – determination
to mix – mixture
Exercise 3. Make up correct word combinations.
to organize resources central features
to satisfy disadvantages available enterprise
to divert demand private resources
to receive goods common amount
to avoid economy large planning
A) translate the sentences which are true;
Exercise 4. Match English and Russian equivalents.
manufacture and trade частное предпринимательство
to be rich in forests природные богатства
natural resources на душу населения
woolen and leather commodities международная торговля
skilled labour промышленность и торговля
international trade быть богатым лесами
private enterprise шерстяные и кожаные товары
per head of population квалифицированный труд
Exercise 1. Read and translate the given derivatives.
science – scientist – scientific to found – founder
economy – economist – economical to appoint – appointment
academy – academic to compete – competitive
theory – theoretical to accept – acceptable
wealth – wealthy to develop – development
policy – political to consume – consumption
finance – financial to explain – explanation
Exercise 2. Translate the given word combinations from English into Russian.
A great scientist; extraordinary contributions; academic appointment; with the financial security; grant; to devote; lifetime; with great success; the founder of economics; according to; wealth; the competitive nature; to argue; the individual pursuit of self-interest; certain cannons of taxation; generally acceptable; to explain; to benefit; the theory of overpopulation; to put forward the idea; the worst excesses; business cycle.
Exercise 3. Make up suitable word combinations and translate them into Russian.
to emphasize great contributions
to lay competitive nature
to make nature
great success
industrial scientist
basic principle
famous society
competitive basic principles
Exercise 5. Translate the words and word combinations from Russian into English.
Исследование; согласно (чему-либо); подчеркивать (уделять большое внимание); финансовая поддержка; благосостояние наций; конкурентный характер; личная заинтересованность; общепринятый; максимальное общественное благо.
Exercise 6. Insert prepositions where necessary.
1. At the age ... 28 Adam Smith became a Professor ... Logic ... the Glasgow University.
2. Adam Smith devoted 10 years ... writing his book.
3. Smith emphasized the competitive nature ... the industrial society.
4. A. Smith laid the basic principles ... the system ... taxation.
5. T.R. Malthus was an English ... economist ... Classical School.
Exercise 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning.
Business community system
Economics economy economic
Term management factors
Resources inflation national
Capital regulation nation
Exercise 2. Translate the word combinations from English into Russian.
A social science; economic laws; to affect the prices, wages and earnings; values of output, unemployment and inflation; individual produces; the everyday business of life; to provide the means of life; use and control of the money; a vast range of subjects; to allocate capital; valuable commodities; to make predictions; the essence of economics.
Exercise 3. Translate the given word combinations from Russian into English.
Делиться на; микроэкономика и макроэкономика; отдельные производители, потребители и рынки; народное хозяйство; ведение домашнего хозяйства; исследовать экономические законы; подъемы и спады в экономике; распределение дохода; поведение финансовых рынков; модели торговли между государствами.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions on the text.
1. What is the origin of the modern word ‘economics’?
2. Is economics a social science?
3. What is called by the general term “economy”?
4. What subjects does economics study?
5. Economists divide economics into microeconomics and macroeconomics, don’t they?
6. What does microeconomics attempt to understand?
7. Does macroeconomics study economy as a whole?
8. What is the essence of economics?
Exercise 8. Be ready to speak about your future profession.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Общефакультетские устные темы About Myself and My Family…….................................................... Our Academy .................................................................................... Moscow ............................................................................................. Great Britain ...................................................................................... Устные темы юридического факультета The Russian Federation State System ............................................... The State Structure of Great Britain .................................................. The English Judicial System ............................................................. The Profession of a Penal Officer ..................................................... The Profession of a Lawyer ............................................................... The Law ............................................................................................. Famous Penologists ........................................................................... Alternatives to Prisons…………........................................................ Устные темы психологического факультета The Profession of a Psychologist ...................................................... Psychological Science…..………...................................................... Juridical Psychology.......................................................................... The Great Psychologist .................................................................... Personality ………….. ...................................................................... The Basic Types of Relations ............................................................ Psychological schools ……………………………………………... Social work in penal institutions …………………………………... Supplementary Texts……………………………………………….. Устные темы экономического факультета Types of Proprietorship….................................................................. Banks and Banking ........................................................................... The Profession of an Economist in Corrections .............................. Economic Systems……………………………. …………………… British Economy ……....................................................................... The Great Economist………………………………………………... Economics and Economy……………………………….…………… The profession of an Economist…………………….………………. |
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