PENAL REFORMERS

There are a lot of famous penologists in different countries. They made a great contribution to reforming prison system in their countries. We know such names as John Howard, Benjamin Rush, John Augustus, Alexander Maconochie, Zebulon Brockway.

John Howard is the most famous among penal reformers. He devoted all his life to the problems of improving bad conditions in prisons. He wrote the book «The State of Prisons». It influenced the penal reform in Europe and America. In 1779 he drafted the Penitentiary Act. After that penitentiary houses appeared first in the USA and then in England.

Benjamin Rush and Alexander Maconochie paid much attention to the punishment of criminals.

Thanks to John Augustus a concept of probation was born.

Zebulon Brockway introduced the idea of education and training for trades in correctional institutions.

III. Do the following exercises: