1.The main objectives of psychology as a science are to describe, understand, predict and control … behaviour. 2. Corrective psychology deals … conditions and peculiarities … rehabilitating … law-breakers. 3. Corrective psychology examines … the psychology … individual law-breakers and the structure … formal and informal groups. 4. It is very important to know the motives … the crime. 5. One … the most important tasks that the psychologist has to solve is to create the atmosphere … rehabilitation … criminals. 6. Sigmund Freud concluded that personality and our degrees .. mental health depend … the actions … three major forces: the id, the ego and superego.
Exercise 9. Check up your understanding of the text. Fill in the blanks with the proper words:
1.The development of corrections depends on the … of psychologist. 2. The psychologist deals with the problems of … of criminals. 3. He examines the … of individual law-breakers and the … of formal and informal groups. 4. The result of his work is to give … … and to create the atmosphere for … of criminals. 5. The psychologist must also …, … and … conflict situations. 6. Psychologists study the behaviour of participants in the … … , problems of … … , the motives for the … .
Exercise 10. Speak about the work of psychologist in prison, using the following questions:
1. What science is vitally important in human life?
2. What depends on the work of psychologist?
3. What problems does he deal with working in corrections?
4. What does he examine with the purpose to solve these problems?
5. What does the result of his work help to do?
6. Can the psychologist also predict, control and analyse conflict situations on the basis of these results?
7. What other (more general) problems do psychologists study?
8. What should they do to be suited for these tasks?
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
to appear – ïîêàçûâàòüñÿ, ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ
alternative – àëüòåðíàòèâà
separate – îòäåëüíûé, ðàçäåëüíûé
the field of science – îáëàñòü íàóêè
to seek – èñêàòü, ðàçûñêèâàòü, ïûòàòüñÿ
to predict – ïðåäñêàçûâàòü
behaviour – ïîâåäåíèå
science of the mind – íàóêà î äóøå
to define – îïðåäåëÿòü
to lead (led, led) – âåñòè, ðóêîâîäèòü
conscious experience – ñîçíàòåëüíûé îïûò
state – ñîñòîÿíèå
adjustment – ïðèñïîñîáëåíèå
environment – îêðóæåíèå, âíåøíÿÿ ñðåäà
to expand – ðàñøèðÿòü, óâåëè÷èâàòü
the scope – êðóãîçîð, ñôåðà äåéñòâèé
emphasis – óäàðåíèå, àêöåíò
overt behaviour – îòêðûòûé, ÿâíûé
observe – íàáëþäàòü, çàìå÷àòü, èçó÷àòü
pattern – îáðàçåö, ìîäåëü
existence – ñóùåñòâîâàíèå, íàëè÷èå
to come to existence – âîçíèêàòü
to contribute – ñîäåéñòâîâàòü, äåëàòü âêëàä
juridical psychology – þðèäè÷åñêàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ
comparative psychology – ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ
II. Read the text: