· Живі істоти
| Однина | Множина |
| The man’s bag | The men’s bags |
| The boy’s bicycle | The boys’ bicycles |
· А також:
| a month’s holiday |
| today’s party |
| the country’s best opera house |
Вправа 6. Запишіть речення іншим способом, використовуючи при-свійний відмінок іменників.
1. The room of my granny. 2. The questions of our professor. 3. The wife of my brother. 4. The skates of his sisters. 5. The voice of this girl. 6. The new club of the footballers. 7. The letter of her friend. 8. The car of my parents. 9. The lives of these women. 10. The tools of those men. 11. The greatest singer of the country. 12. The newspaper of this week. 13. The building of UN. 14. The spectacles of our teacher. 15. The flat of my sister is large. 16. The house of my uncle is made of wood. 17. The office of the dean is on the first floor. 18. The name of this girl is Jane. 19. The work of these engineers is very important.
1.5.3. Ланцюжки іменників
Іменники, що стоять перед головним іменником (останнім у ланцюжку), виконують функцію означення. Переклад здійснюється двома способами: 1) попередні іменники перекладаються як прикметники, наприклад: steel beam – сталевий брус; world music festival – міжнародний музичний фестиваль; 2) першим перекладається головне слово: wheel suspension – підвіска коліс; reaction rate constant – постійна швидкості реакції.
Вправа 7. Перекладіть словосполучення:
apple juice – apple prices; book shelf – book review, room temperature – room height, computer virus – computer efficiency, water transport – water analysis.
Вправа 8. Перекладіть словосполучення англійською, використовуючи ланцюжки іменників:
паперовий пакет, сталеплавильний завод, кислотний дощ, вуличний рух, водяний насос; генератор пару, пучок електронів, екран комп’ютера, зменшення цін на нафту, корпус ракетного двигуна, система безпеки автомобіля, температура утворення льоду, система управління базами данних.
1.6. Домашнє завдання
G Запам’ятайте!
| this is – these are | that is – those are | there is – there are | it is – they are |
Вправа 9. Запишіть речення в множині.
1. This is a car. 2. This is a mouse. 3. This is a cactus. 4. That is a plate. 5. That is a tower. 6. That is a bookcase. 7. Is this a sofa? 8. Is this an arm-chair? 9. Is this a correct formula? 10. Is that a plane? 11. That is not a kangaroo. 12. That is not a garden. 13. That is not a bus. 14. That is the girl’s box. 15. It is a sheep. 16. It is a boy’s bicycle. 17. It isn’t Mary’s dictionary. 18. There is a bird’s nest on the tree. 19. This is my friend’s study.
Вправа 10. Перекладіть словосполучення:
spaceship design; air resistance; planet surface; space flight danger; low temperature nitrogen adsorption measurement; control equipment; equipment control; thermoelectric generator development; fuel supply; household goods; steam engine invention; a car speed calculation problem; liquid fuel rocket reconstruction; improved test program; load condition.
Вправа 11. Перекладіть речення письмово, звертаючи увагу на іменники в функції означення.
1. A direct current system has big disadvantages. 2. There are lots of types of special service motor cars. 3. These fuel elements consist of a large number of thin uranium rods. 4. A new hospital X-ray unit locates a bullet or shell fragment in one minute. 5. There are lots of principal corrosion protection methods.
Вправа 12. Складіть усну розповідь про себе (7–10 речень).
Lesson 2. My Family
2.1. Усна тема. Моя сім’я
G Active Vocabulary:
friendly – дружний; surgeon – хірург; neither ... nor – ні ... ні; handsome – красивий (про чоловіків); grey – сивий; sociable – товариський; overtime – понаднормово; nursery school – дитячий садок; nephew – племінник; separately – окремо.
Now I am going to tell you about my family. We are a family of five. We think we are a large, friendly and united family. So we are happy to be living together and getting on all right.
To begin with, I am going to talk about my dad. His name is Sergey Petrovich. He is 45. He works as a surgeon in a hospital. He is neither old, nor young. He is a good-looking man, handsome, rather thin with dark brown hair just beginning to get grey. He is a very sociable person. What I don’t like about my father is that he is always busy. He works overtime very often. He is a bread-maker in our family. He is fond of going to the country on weekends, because he enjoys working in the garden.
My mother’s name is Galina Nickolayevna. She is three years younger than my father. She works as a teacher at a nursery school. My mother is rather slim and pretty; she is always elegant and smart. In short, she is a pleasant-looking woman of about 40. She always has a lot of work to do at school and about the house. She is fond of her work and spends a lot of time there. But she has to cook the food for all the family at home. Shopping and cooking is nearly half a day’s work for her. But my granny and I have a habit of helping her about the house.
Boris is my elder brother. He is six years mysenior. So he is 23 already. He has graduated from the University and he works as an economist now. He is married. His wife is a journalist. They are three in the family. They have got a child, my nephew. It is a lovely little boy of two with golden hair and dark blue eyes. He is full of joy and gaiety. My brother’s family lives separately.
And finally, a few words about my grandmother. My granny is my best friend, I must tell you. She is always ready to listen to my endless stories about my school life and my friends. She is retired now, but in her youth and her older age she worked as a teacher at school. She is a very understanding person, I must admit.
Put it into a few words, we are a united and friendly family.
G Запам’ятайте!
orphan – сирота; aunt – тітка; uncle – дядько; niece – племінниця; half-sister – зведена сестра; half-brother – зведений брат; mother-in-law – теща, свекруха; father-in-law – тесть, свекор; brother-in-law – зять, шурин, дівер; sister-in-law – невістка, своячениця; stepmother – мачуха; stepfather – вітчим; widow – вдова; widower – вдівець; fiance – наречений; fiancee – наречена; housewife – домогосподарка.
Вправа 1. Доповніть речення інформацією про свою сім’ю.
My family consists of ___. I want to tell you about my ___. My ___’s name is ___. He (she) is ___ years old. He (she) is a ___ (occupation). He (she) works (studies) at ___. He (she) is rather ___ (height). His (her) hair is ___. His (her) eyes are ___. He (she) is fond of ___. I love my ___ very much.
Вправа 2. Підберіть відповідне слово з наведених нижче, щоб доповнити речення: aunt, cousin, father, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, nephew, mother, uncle, niece.
1. My father’s wife is my ___. 2. My parents’ son is my ___. 3. My parents’ daughter is my ___. 4. My mother’s husband is my ___. 5. My mother’s father is my ___. 6. My father’s sister is my ___. 7. My mother’s brother is my ___. 8. My father’s mother is my ___. 9. My mother’s sister is my ___. 10. My uncle’s son is my ___. 11. My aunt’s son is my ___. 12. Peter is his uncle’s ___. 13 Ann is her aunt’s ___.
☺ А ще прочитайте анекдоти про родинні стосунки.
· There wasan Irishman whose sister had a baby. Nobody told him if it was a boy or a girl so he didn’t know if he was an uncle or an aunt.
· Neighbour: “Do you think your son will forget all that he learned at college?” Father: “I hope so – he certainly can’t make a living by kissing girls.”
Прочитайте, як розповідають про свої сім’ї люди з різних країн (див. Appendix I).
2.2. Письмові завдання
Вправа 3. Прочитайте текст та заповніть пропуски, де необхідно.
My _(1)_ is Lorenza Fiore. I’m 18 _(2)_ old and I’m from Lausanne _(3)_ Switzerland. I have _(4)_ two brothers and _(5)_ sister. I’m _(6)_ youngest. One of my brothers _(7)_ married. He and _(8)_ wife live in France.
My father is _(9)_ scientist. _(10)_ works at the Polytechnic Institute _(11)_ Lausanne. My mother is a doctor. _(12)_ works in a hospital. My _(13)_ comes from Ireland. She met my father when _(14)_ were students together in Trieste. They got married and went _(15)_ live in Switzerland. My father _(16)_ born in Venice, and _(17)_ grandparents are also from Italy. That’s why I’ve got _(18)_ Italian name.
I like riding horses, swimming, listening _(19)_ symphonic music and singing.
I learn English _(20)_ special courses. Now I want _(21)_ go to university to _(22)_ physics. I want to be a scientist as my father. Most of all I’d _(23)_ to travel to other countries. That’s why _(24)_ want to learn English.
2.3. Граматика. Артиклі
Вживання артиклів
| Артикль | Вживання | Приклади |
| Неозначений a (an) | · Вперше йде мова про предмет. · В значенні числівника one. | This is a book. Take an apple. |
| Означений the | · Йде мова про вже відомий предмет. | I bought a book yesterday. The book is interesting. |
| · Є пояснення до предмета. | Take the book which is on the table. | |
| · Коли ясно з контексту, який предмет мається на увазі. | Open the window, please. | |
| · Перед географічними назвами (деяких країн, океанів, морів, рік, гірських масивів). | the USA, the Pacific Ocean, the Carpathians | |
| Відсутній | · Перед власними іменами. | Kharkiv, England, Smith |
| · Перед речовинними іменниками. | snow, milk | |
| · Перед назвами днів, місяців, пори року. | in October, in winter, on Friday | |
| · Якщо перед іменниками стоїть займенник чи числівник. | this student, some books, five pens, three lessons |
Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски артиклями, якщо це необхідно.
1. He is ___ doctor. 2. ___ text-book is on ___ table. 3. Here is ___ book you wanted to read. 4. ___ Kyiv is ___ capital of ___ Ukraine. 5. This is ___ nice city. 6. All ___ students of our group attended ___ meeting. 7. I don’t know his ___ brother. 8. This ___ article is interesting. 9. Please, give me ___ black pencil. 10. We will go to ___ theatre tonight. 11. ___ Dnieper is ___ longest river in ___ Ukraine. 12. There is ___ new monument in ___ square. 13. There is ___ snow on ___ top of your car. 14. ___ water consists of ___ two molecules of ___ hydrogen and ___ one molecule of ___ oxygen. 15. In ___ September I entered ___ University.
2.4. Домашнє завдання
Вправа 5. Заповніть кроссворд та у виділеному стовпчику прочитайте ключове слово:
1) the opposite to thin or slim; 2) your brother’s wife; 3) your sister’s daughter; 4) your mother’s brother; 5) your aunt’s children; 6) the opposite to fair; 7) the opposite to short; 8) your parents, brother, sisters, etc. are your ___.
G Запам’ятайте, як читати скорочення!
| etc. – and so on (тощо) | i.e. – that is (тобто) | e.g. – for example (наприклад) |
Вправа 6. Вставте артиклі a, the або займенник some, де необхідно.
1. There are three rooms and ___ kitchen in our new flat. 2. My new dress is made of ___ silk. 3. If you want to write something on ___ blackboard, you must have ___ piece of ___ chalk. 4. Are there any students in ___ classroom? 5. I have ___ new English book. ___ book is very interesting. 6. There is ___ garden in ___ front of our university. ___ garden is not large, but it is very nice. 7. ___May is ___ fifth month of the year. 8. ___ Saturday is ___ sixth day of the week. 9. There is ___ coffee in the cup. ___ coffee is black. 10. My brother found out ___ interesting facts about ___ history of ___ our city.
Вправа 7. Напишіть розповідь про свою родину (10–12 речень).
Lesson 3. My Biography
3.1. Усна тема. Моя біографія
G Active Vocabulary:
surname, favourite subject, occupation, with great interest, to leave (finish) school, to be born, to introduce oneself, to come from, to be fond of, to enter the university, to do well at school, as well.
Let me introduce myself. My name is Ivan. My surname is Dmitrenko. I come from Ukraine. I was born on May 5, 1989 in Kharkiv. I live with my parents in a block of flats on the 9th floor. We are three in the family. Both of my parents work as engineers. That’s why I entered National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” to become an engineer. I am a first-year student of Mechanical Engineering Department. My major is the Technology of Cutting. In 2006 I finished school № 51. I always did well at school and studied with great interest. My favourite subjects are Maths and Physics. I am fond of sports and active games. I like playing computer games as well.
Вправа 1. Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. What is your name? 2. What is your nationality? 3. Where and when were you born? 4. Where do you live? 5. What are your parents? 6. Where do you study? 7. What department do you study at? 8. What is your major? 9. What were your favourite subjects at school? 10. What do you like doing?
☺ Smile!
· What is your date of birth? – July fifteenth. – What year? – Every year.
· I do wish I could tell you my age but it’s impossible. It keeps changing all the time.
3.2. Читання
Вправа 2. Знайдіть в обох текстах цього розділу відповіді на запитання про талановитих дівчаток-підлітків.
1. What is her name? 2. How old is she? 3. Does she go to school? 4. What is she famous for? 5. When did she begin her career? 6. Who does she live with? 7. What do her parents and other relatives do? 8. What are her achievements? 9. Is she a normal teenager? 10. What is she going to do in future? 11. What does she do in her free time? 12. Is she good at sports?