· The black box flight recorder for aircraft was invented in Australia in 1958 by the Aeronautical research scientist David Warren.
· The first official world surfing championship was held in Sydney in 1964.
· Over 90% of the world’s opals are mined in Australia.
· A resident of Sydney is called a Sydneysider.
· In 1926, New South Wales became the first government in the world to pay pensions to women.
· Eucalyptus was first used as a medicine by Aborigines, to treat coughs, fevers and asthma.
· Australia is the only continent without an active volcano.
· Dutch explorers arrived in Australia before James Cook claimed it for England and named it New Holland.
· The longest fence in the world is located in Australia. It is 5,530 km long and was erected to keep dingoes away from sheep.
· When a specimen of a platypus was first sent to England, the skeptical recipients believed the Australians had played a joke by sticking a duck’s bill on a large rat’s body.
· Australia is the lowest continent in the world, with an average height of just 330m above sea level.
· Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, the driest is Antarctica.
· The Transportation of British convicts to Australia ended in 1868.
· Australia is home to six of the top ten deadliest snakes in the world.
Визначте, чи правильні висловлювання.
1. The highest place in Australia rises only 330m above sea level. 2. Britain stopped deporting its convicts to Australia in early 1900s. 3. A person born in Sydney is called a Sydneyer. 4. There are lots of active volcanoes in Australia. 5. The longest fence in the world was built in Australia to protect sheep from dingoes. 6. The Dutch explored Australia before the British.
19.4. Граматика. Модальні дієслова can, may та їхні еквіваленти на позначення можливості, дозволу, здатності
| CAN (COULD) Можливість щось зробити (можу, вмію) |
| Ствердні речення |
| I can play the piano.Я вмію грати на піаніно. He can answer the question.Він може відповісти на запитання. He could play chess when he was five.Він вмів грати у шахи, коли йому було п’ять років. |
| Питальні речення |
| Can you sing?Ви вмієте співати? Can you help me?Ви можете мені допомогти? Could you help me?Не могли б ви мені допомогти? |
| Заперечні речення |
| I cannot swim.Я не вмію плавати. He cannot understand the rule.Він не може зрозуміти правила. I could not ski when I was little.Я не вмів кататись на лижах, коли я був малим. |
| ТО BE ABLE ТО (Еквівалент дієслова CAN) |
| Не is able to do it.Він в змозі це зробити. Не was able to do it yesterday.Він зміг зробити це вчора. He will be able to do it tomorrow.Він зможе це зробити завтра. He has been able to swim since childhood.Він вміє плавати з дитинства. |
| MAY (MIGHT) Дозвіл (можна) |
| You may take my pen.Ви можете взяти мою ручку. You may not touch it.Не можна торкатися цього. May I come in?Можна увійти? |
| У непрямій мові: Ann said that I might take her car.Аня сказала, що я можу взяти її машину. |
| Припущення (можливо) |
| It may rain soon.Можливо (мабуть), скоро піде дощ. Take care, you may fall.Обережно, ви можете впасти. |
| ТО BE ALLOWED TO (Еквівалент дієслова MAY) |
| We are allowed to take these books. Нам дозволяють брати ці книжки. We were allowed to take these books.Нам дозволили взяти ці книжки. We will be allowed to take these books.Нам дозволять взяти ці книжки. |
G Запам’ятайте прислів’я з модальними дієсловами!
| Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. What is done cannot be undone. Little bodies may have great souls. |
Вправа 2. Складіть всі можливі речення з модальними словами.
| I You He She We They | can cannot could could not | skate speak French ride a bicycle solve such problems write computer programmes drive a car | now already yet when a child last year before |
Вправа 3. Вставте модальні дієслова may (might) або can (could).
1. ___ Iuse your pen? 2. ___ I take the pen from that table! 3. You ___ read this book: you know the language well enough. 4. You ___ take this book: I don’t need it. 5. ___ I help you? 6. ___ I ask you to help me? 7. ___ you help me to move this suitcase? 8. I ___ not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 9. Something was wrong with the car: he ___ not start it. 10. A fool ___ ask more questions than a wise man ___ answer. 11. She asked me if she ___ use my telephone. 12. The school was silent: nothing ___ be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting ___ be endless, you know. 14. ___ you tell me the nearest way to the museum?
Вправа 4. Перекладіть англійською, використовуючи модальні дієслова.
1. Я вмію розмовляти англійською мовою. 2. Ти вмієш розмовляти французькою? 3. Моя сестра не вміє кататися на ковзанах. 4. Ти вмів плавати минулого року? 5. Місяць тому я не вмів кататися на лижах, а зараз вмію. 6. Ви не могли б мені сказати, де метро? 7.Ти зможеш зробити цю роботу завтра? 8. Я думаю, вона не зможе вирішити цю задачу без допомоги. 9. Завтра я вільний і зможу допомогти тобі. 10. Вчора я не зміг побачити директора, оскільки він був на конференції, але сьогодні після роботи я зможу це зробити. 11. Можна, я увімкну телевізор? 12. Якщо твоя робота готова, можеш йти додому. 13. Лікар каже, що я вже можу не приймати ліки. 14. Якщо ви натиснете цю кнопку, програма може зупинитись. 15. Будь обережним: ти можеш впасти. 16. Розмовляти по мобільному телефону на борту літака не дозволяється. 17. Вчора студентам дозволили самостійно провести експеримент. 18. Коли йому дозволять водити автомобіль?
19.5. Домашнє завдання
Вправа 5. Розгадайте кросворд та у виділеному стовпчику прочитайте назву одного з найзагадковіших місць у Великій Британії.
1. From the west Britain is washed by the ___ sea. 2. ___ lies to the north of England. 3. The British parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of ___. 4. Big ___ is often considered the symbol of London. 5. The longest river in Britain is the ___. 6. One of the most famous British physicist is Ernest ___. 7. The smallest part of Great Britain is ___. 8. The capital of Great Britain is ___. 9. Great Britain is officially called the United ___ of Great Britain and Nothern (10) ___.
Вправа 6. Вставте модальні дієслова may (might), can (could), to be allowed to.
1. Elephants ___ live for up to 70 years. 2. When I was 18, I ___ take my parents’ car whenever I wanted. 3. Jane’s children ___ to watch the film on TV last night. 4. Temperature near South Pole ___ reach minus 43 degrees Centigrade. 5. ___ I ask you a personal question? – Sure, you ___. 6. A hundred years ago ships ___ cross the Atlantic in 10 days. 7. There is somebody knocking at the door. – It ___ be a postman. 8. Anyone ___ make mistakes. 9. Look at these terrible clouds! It ___ start raining any moment. 10. Dinosaurs ___ grow up to 5 metres long. 11. Camels ___ survive for up to 17 weeks in the desert without water. 12. Why hasn’t she come to the party? – She ___ be busy with her diploma project.
Вправа 7. Складіть розповідь про Велику Британію з використанням активних слів та виразів.
Lesson 20. London
20.1. Розмовна тема. Лондон
G Active Vocabulary:
observation – спостереження; proximity – близькість; medieval – середньовічний; landmark – архітектурна пам’ятка; renowned – відомий; wealth – багатство; celebrated – славетний; pageantry – урочиста церемонія; fascinating – чарівний.
London is one of the world’s greatest capital cities, with so much to see and do that Samuel Johnson’s observation that “When a man is tired of London he is tired of life” is just as true today as it was 200 years ago.
London was founded in AD 60 by Romans soon after they invaded Britain and was called Londinium. Remains of the wall Romans built around the city can still be seen today. Ever since its foundation nearly 2,000 years ago, London has been the capital of Britain and, because of its location on the Thames and its close proximity to the continent, it has been an important trading centre. Today it is still a great financial centre, attracting important businesses from all over the world.
London’s historic past can still be seen in its busy streets, from Roman walls, medieval churches and Tudor palaces to Georgian squares, Victorian railway stations and modern hi-tech office blocks. Landmarks such as Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower of London and the Houses of Parliament are high on every visitor’s list of places to see, but there is so much more to do.
London is renowned as a world-class cultural centre, with some of the finest museums and art galleries to be found anywhere in the world, including the British Museum and the National Gallery. Londoners and visitors alike enjoy all that the West End has to offer, with its many fine shops, restaurants and clubs, as well as the wealth of plays and musicals offered by its many celebrated theatres.
Another huge draw is the traditional and colourful pageantry London is so good at, including the Changing the Guard ceremony and the Lord Mayor’s Show, two of London’s best free shows. But London is also a modern, forward-looking city, and many major new landmarks, such as the London Eye (a 137 meter observation wheel) and the Tate Modern (an exhibition centre of modern arts housed in a converted 1960s power station) take the capital well and truly into the twenty-first century. It is this mix of the traditional and modern which makes London such a fascinating and exciting place to visit.
Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. How old is London? 2. Who founded London? 3. On what river does London stand? 4. What are the main historical landmarks to see in London? 5. In what part of London are most shops situated? 6. What is the London Eye? 7. In what building is the Tate Modern housed?
20.2. Письмові завдання
Вправа 1. Вставте артиклі, де потрібно. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.
London, ___ capital of Great Britain, is one of ___ largest cities in Europe and the world. ___ population of London is about nine million. London is also one of ___ oldest cities in Europe. London lies in ___ valley of ___ Thames. Most of ___ streets are narrow. Oxford and Regent Streets are ___ busiest streets: there are ___ lots of shops, department stores and offices there. There are many beautiful old buildings in ___ centre of London. There are also ___ modern buildings there. Most of ___ buildings house ___ offices and hotels.
Londoners are fond of ___ beautiful parks of their city. They spend their week-ends in ___ parks. They come there with ___ children and take ___ lunch baskets with them.
20.3. Читання