Luxury cruise liners that carry millions of passengers to remote corners of the globe are polluting the seas and endangering marine life. The new super-liners, which can accommodate up to 4,000 passengers and crew, are pumping thousands of gallons of sewage and oily bilge water into the sea every day with potentially disastrous effects on fragile ecosystems. These cruise holidays are increasingly popular but the ships are like floating cities without any rules on sewage and waste disposal. A study conducted by the American environmental group, which is dedicated solely to the protection of the Earth’s oceans, has revealed that a typical ship’s daily waste will include 37,000 gallons of oily bilge water; 30,000 gallons of sewage; 255,000 gallons of waste water (from showers etc.); and seven tons of rubbish. The number of cruise ships is growing every year – in 2000, 240 liners carried ten million passengers – and they are travelling to ever more exotic locations. As a result, even remote waters in Alaska are now polluted.
Âïðàâà 2. Âèçíà÷òå, ÷è ïðàâèëüíèìè º âèñëîâëþâàííÿ.
1. Cruise liners often pollute seas and oceans. 2. Big liners can accommodate up to 100,000 people. 3. There are strict rules for treating wastes of ocean-going liners. 4. Ships throw no rubbish overboard. 5. Waters near Alaska are polluted with garbage thrown from the ships. 6. The activity of the American environmental group is aimed at the protection of American rivers.
29.4. Ãðàìàòèêà. Ïîâòîðåííÿ óçãîäæåííÿ ÷àñ³â òà íåïðÿìî¿ ìîâè
Âïðàâà 3. Âèáåð³òü îäèí ç âàð³àíò³â.
1. Íå said he (is staying, was staying) at the «Ritz» Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 3. He asked me where I (study, studied). 4. I thought that I (will finish, would finish) my work at that time. 5. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago. 6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 7. I thought he (told, had told) you about the party. 8. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 9. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 10. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 11. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 12. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 13. 1 want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 14. I asked my sister what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.
Âïðàâà 4. Ïåðåïèø³òü ðå÷åííÿ íåïðÿìîþ ìîâîþ.
1. Mike said, “We have bought these books today”. 2. The woman said, “I am glad I am here”. 3. My group-mate said to me, “I can explain this rule to you”. 4. The teacher said, “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow”. 5. Jane said, “My friend lives in London now”. 6. Tom said, “I have already had breakfast”. 7. My friend said to me, “Explain to me how to solve this problem.” 8. The doctor said to Nick, “Don’t go for a walk today”. 9. The teacher said to us, “Translate this text without dictionary”. 10. Mother said to her son, “Put on your hat”. 11. Nick’s mother said to him, “Don’t eat too much ice cream”. 12. Granny said to Helen, “Please, help me with the dinner”. 13. The chief said to the workers, “Clean the construction site!” 14. “Will you show me the way to the railway station?” said the passer-by. 15. Ann said, “Please, buy some milk in the shop”.
29.5. Äîìàøíº çàâäàííÿ
Âïðàâà 5. Ïåðåïèø³òü ðå÷åííÿ íåïðÿìîþ ìîâîþ.
1. John said to Nick, “Where are you going?” 2. I said to him, “How long are you going to stay here?” 3. Ann said to Mike, “When did you leave London?” 4. She said to Boris, “Please, don’t forget to buy tickets.” 5. Jane said to me, “How can I get to the station?” 6. Tom said to Mary, “What time will you come tomorrow?” 7. My friend said to me, “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” 8. Peter said to Nick, “What time does the train start?” 9. The teacher said to us, “Have you made this exercise?” 10. Mother said to her son, “Put on your hat” 11. Nick said to Alice, “Don’t make noise. My sister is sleeping.” 12. Sam said to Jane, “Yesterday I talked to out dean.” 13. Tommy said to his sister, “Have you already seen this movie?” 14. “Do you take any medicine?” said the doctor to the patient. 15. Ann said to Jim, “Will you help me with my maths?”
Âïðàâà 6. Çàïîâí³òü ïðîïóñêè â ðå÷åííÿõ ïîäàíèìè íèæ÷å ñëîâàìè òà çíàéä³òü ¿õ ó êðîñâîðä³. Ñëîâà ìîæóòü ðîçòàøîâóâàòèñü ãîðèçîíòàëüíî ³ âåðòèêàëüíî, à ïîðÿäîê áóêâ ìîæå áóòè çë³âà íàïðàâî ÷è ñïðàâà íàë³âî, çâåðõó äîíèçó ÷è çíèçó äîâåðõó. Áóêâè â ñëîâàõ ìîæóòü áóòè ñï³ëüíèìè. Ò³ëüêè 2 áóêâè º çàéâèìè.
| coal; cell; truth; clean; sun; toxic; oil; pollution; protection; tropical; cancer; ecology; cut; nature; rye; biosphere; warm; ozone; care; trees; vehicle; photo; law |
| t | r | o | p | i | c | a | l | b | w | e |
| u | p | r | o | t | e | c | t | i | o | n |
| c | e | l | l | r | r | a | r | o | e | o |
| l | l | c | l | e | a | n | u | s | x | z |
| a | c | o | u | e | c | c | t | p | h | o |
| w | i | a | t | s | i | e | h | h | a | t |
| a | h | l | i | o | x | r | e | e | u | o |
| r | e | c | o | l | o | g | y | r | s | h |
| m | v | y | n | a | t | u | r | e | t | p |
1. Too much ultraviolet radiation can cause skin ___. 2. An ___ spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of ___. 3. Waste production, air pollution, and loss of biodiversity are some of the issues related to environmental ___. 4. It was Vladimir I. Vernadsky who defined ___ as the science studying ___. 5. The ___ layer is destroyed by CFC’s, chlorofluorocarbons, that are used as a propellant in aerosol cans, and refrigerators. 6. Millions of hectares of ___ rain forests are ___ down every year. 7. Bicycle is the most environmentally ___ ___. 8. Being “green” means taking ___ of ___. 8. ___-synthesis is a process by which the light energy mostly coming from the ___ is converted into chemical energy. 9. Car ___ gases are highly ___ because of their carbon monoxide content. 10. ___ phones may be harmful not only to your health but also to the environment if not disposed of properly. 11. The main reason for smog in London was that households were burning more ___ than usual to keep ___. 12. Almost every state in America has a special ___ protecting roadside ___. 13. Tobacco companies try to avoid telling the deadly ___ about dangers of smoking. 14. Brown bread made of ___ is healthier than white bread made of wheat.
Âïðàâà 7. Âèâ÷³òü ä³àëîã íàïàì’ÿòü.
Is the Earth Getting Hotter?
A: Do you know anything about the “greenhouse” effect?
B: Certainly, I do. I’ve heard that it will soon begin altering the Earth’s climate.
A: Can you say what exactly the greenhouse effect means?
B: The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature.
A: Oh, I see that it is like glass in a greenhouse. It forms a kind of “thermal blanket” around the planet.
B: Yes, that’s right. The thing is that the greenhouse effect will cause not only hotter summers and milder winters, but it may alter rainfall, affect crop yields and raise sea level.
Lesson 30. Other Ecological Problems
30.1. Óñíà òåìà. ²íø³ åêîëîã³÷í³ ïðîáëåìè
Ïðî÷èòàéòå äåÿê³ ôàêòè ïðî òâàðèí, ùî çíàõîäÿòüñÿ íà ìåæ³ âèìèðàííÿ.
Pandas.Fewer than 1,000 giant pandas remain in the wild in their home-land, Western China.
Black rhinoceros.Fewer than 2,000 of them remain in the wild. That’s a 95 percent decline since 1970. Most are killed for their horns, which are ground into powder for medical purposes in Asia.
Tigers.Only 67,000 wild tigers remain. Tigers are hunted and killed for their body parts, which are used in oriental medicines.
Chimpanzees.Chimps and other primates are on the verge of becoming extinct, primarily due to the destruction of tropical rain forests, which are home for 90 percent of all primates.
Elephants.In the last 20 years, half the African elephants have been killed off. The Asian elephant population has shrunk even more. Elephants are killed for their ivory tusks, most of which are used for making jewelry.
Âèçíà÷òå, ÷è º â³ðíèìè òàê³ âèñëîâëþâàííÿ.
1. Pandas live in India. 2. Rhinoceros are killed for their skin. 3. The horns of rhinoceros are ground into powder for medical purposes. 4. The number of wild tigers is less than 30,000. 5. Tigers are hunted for their fur. 6. Chimpanzees live in rain forests. 7. The population of African and Asian elephants has increased in the last 20 years. 8. Ivory is a precious material for making jewelry.
30.2. Ïèñüìîâ³ çàâäàííÿ
Âïðàâà 7. Çàïîâí³òü ïðîïóñêè ñëîâàìè, ùî ï³äõîäÿòü çà çì³ñòîì: man, months, discovered, wars, evolved, only, appear, information, riches, Earth, ago, known, extinction, huge, system.