Task 4. In the table match the synonyms (the words with similar meaning). Consult the dictionary if necessary:
| 1. large | a. smart, intelligent |
| 2. physician | b. freshman |
| 3. communicative | c. big |
| 4. clever | d. sophomore |
| 5. to love | e. to like |
| 6. first-year-student | f. junior |
| 7. second-year-student | g. doctor |
| 8. third-year-student | h. graduate student |
| 9. fourth-year-student | i. easy-going, sociable, good-mixer |
| 10. fifth-year-student | j. senior |
Task 5. Find antonyms to the following words in the text. Antonyms are the words with the opposite meaning:
1) to start; 2) easy; 3) small; 4) nervous, naughty; 5) lazy; 6) younger; 7) weak.
Task 6. A. Read the definitions and guess the words:
1) A person who understands people’s characters.
2) My mother’s son to me.
3) A person who treats diseases with medicines.
4) My sister’s daughter to me.
5) My mother’s mother.
6) My father’s sister.
7) A person who trains pupils at school.
8) The science of numbers, including Algebra, Geometry and Arithmetic.
9) My sister’s husband.
10) The study of events in the past.
B. Define the following words in English:
1) my sister; 2) hard-working; 3) lawyer; 4) nephew; 5) grandfather; 6) uncle; 7) mother-in-law; 8) psychology; 9) Economy.
Grammar
Task 7. A. Find the sentences with numerals (÷èñëèòåëüíûå) in the text. Translate them into Russian. Explain English rules of numerals formation. Look through the table and check yourself:
| 1 – one | 11 – eleven | 10 – ten | 21 – twenty-one |
| 2 – two | 12 – twelve | 20 – twenty | 22 – twenty-two |
| 3 – three | 13 – thirteen | 30 – thirty | 23 – twenty-three |
| 4 – four | 14 – fourteen | 40 – forty | 24 – twenty-four |
| 5 – five | 15 – fifteen | 50 – fifty | 25 – twenty-five |
| 6 – six | 16 – sixteen | 60 – sixty | 26 – twenty-six |
| 7 – seven | 17 – seventeen | 70 – seventy | 27 – twenty-seven |
| 8 – eight | 18 – eighteen | 80 – eighty | 28 – twenty-eight |
| 9 – nine | 19 – nineteen | 90 – ninety | 29 – twenty-nine |
| 10 – ten | 20 – twenty | 100 – one hundred |
See also Lesson 13.
B. Do you remember that numerals can be cardinal (êîëè÷åñòâåííûå) and ordinal (ïîðÿäêîâûå)?
Continue: one – the first, two – the second, three -…, four - …, five - …, six - …, seven -…, eight - …, nine - …, ten -…, …
Task 8. Read the sentences:
a) 1. Ten plus eleven equals twenty-one. 2. Thirty-four plus sixty-two equals ninety-six. 3. Eighty-three minus sixteen equals sixty-seven. 4. Forty-one minus five is thirty six.
b) 1) 12+20=32; 2) 14+35=49; 3) 25+64=…? 4) 68+31=…? 5) 100-31=69; 6) 98-13=85; 7) 74-63=…? 8) 57-12=…?
c) 1) Ann is 21. 2) My elder brother is 29. 3) Jack Smith is 18 years old. 4) At the age of 17 he entered University. 5) When he was 9 he went to Spain. 6) I will graduate from the University at 21. 7) He wrote his most famous novel when he was 68. 8) At 16 you can receive your driving license. 9) You can be elected a president if you are 35.
Task 9. Find the sentences with “there is/there are” constructions in the text. Translate them into Russian. Which of them are singular and which are plural? Explain their usage and meaning in the English language. Check yourself looking through the table:
| Èñïîëüçîâàíèå | Óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ íàëè÷èÿ èëè îòñóòñòâèÿ êàêîãî-ëèáî ëèöà èëè ïðåäìåòà â îïðåäåëåííîì ìåñòå |
| Ïåðåâîä | Èìååòñÿ, íàõîäèòñÿ, åñòü, ñóùåñòâóåò |
| Ôîðìóëà | There is/ there are + subject + adverbial modifier of place/ adverbial modifier of time |
| Óòâåðäèòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà | There is a book on the table. There arebooks on the table. There is a lamp and three books on the table. |
| Îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà | There is no book on the table. There isn’t a book on the table. There are no books on the table. There aren’t any books on the table. |
| Âîïðîñèòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà | Is there a book on the table? Are there books on the table? What is there on the table? Is there a book or a magazine on the table? There is a book on the table, isn’t it? |
Task 10. Tick the right sentences with the construction “there is/ there are”:
1. There are many children in the garden.
Many children there are in the garden.
2. There is pen on the table.
There is a pen on the table.
3. There is a boy and two girls in the room.
There are a boy and two girls in the room.
4. Is there a book on the shelf?
Are there a book on the shelf?
5. There is no a lamp in the room.
There is no lamp in the room.
Task 11. Make your own sentences with the construction “there is/ there are”.
Task 12. Find the sentences with the possessive case of nouns in the text. Translate them into Russian. Explain their use and rules of formation in the English language. Check yourself and look through the table:
| Ôîðìó ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîãî ïàäåæà îáû÷íî èìåþò ëèøü îäóøåâëåííûå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, îáîçíà÷àþùèå æèâîå ñóùåñòâî, êîòîðîìó ïðèíàäëåæèò êàêîé-íèáóäü ïðåäìåò, êà÷åñòâî èëè ïðèçíàê. the child’stoy (èãðóøêà ðåáåíêà) the girl’svoice (ãîëîñ äåâî÷êè) Cóùåñòâèòåëüíîå â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå îáðàçóåò ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûé ïàäåæ ïðè ïîìîùè îêîí÷àíèÿ s , ïåðåä êîòîðûì ñòîèò îñîáûé çíàê ‘, íàçûâàåìûé «àïîñòðîô». Îáùèé ïàäåæ Ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûé ïàäåæ the boy (ìàëü÷èê) the boy’s table (ñòîë ìàëü÷èêà) Îêîí÷àíèå ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîãî ïàäåæà ÷èòàåòñÿ êàê [s] ïîñëå ãëóõèõ ñîãëàñíûõ, [z] ïîñëå çâîíêèõ ñîãëàñíûõ è ãëàñíûõ è êàê [Iz] ïîñëå s, ss, ch, tch, x: cat’s [kxts], man’s [mxnz], boy’s [bOIz], actress’s ['xktrIsIz], fox’s ['fOksIz]. Äëÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ, îáðàçóþùèõ ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî ñ ïîìîùüþ s , ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûé ïàäåæ íà ïèñüìå îáîçíà÷àåòñÿ òîëüêî àïîñòðîôîì. Ïðè ýòîì ôîðìû îáùåãî è ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîãî ïàäåæåé çâó÷àò îäèíàêîâî. the boys (ìàëü÷èêè) the boys’ tables (ñòîëû ìàëü÷èêîâ) Òå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå, êîòîðûå âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå íå èìåþò îêîí÷àíèÿ s, îáðàçóþò ôîðìó ïðèòÿæàòåëüíîãî ïàäåæà ïðè ïîìîùè îêîí÷àíèÿ s, ïåðåä êîòîðûì ñòîèò àïîñòðîô. the children (äåòè) the children’s books (êíèãè äåòåé) |
| The child’s toys – the children’s toys Èãðóøêè ðåáåíêà – èãðóøêè äåòåé The boy’s books – the boys’ books Êíèãè ìàëü÷èêà – êíèãè ìàëü÷èêîâ But: the wall of the room – ñòåíà ýòîé êîìíàòû |
Task 13. Translate the sentences from English into Russian:
1. Elena is Aleksey’s wife.
2. Aleksey is Elena’s husband.
3. Irina is Aleksey’s daughter.
4. Oleg is Andrey Victorovich’s son.
5. Her brother’s name is Oleg.
6. Tanya’s family is large.
7. Tanya’s pet is a cat.
Task 14. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
Task 15. Correct the sentences using possessive case where possible: