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It was not until the 19^th century that cultural tourism developed into leisure and health tourism. Some English travellers, after visiting the warm lands of the South of Europe, decided to stay there either for the

Unit 1. Forms Of Tourism

cold season or for the rest of their lives. Others began to visit places with health-giving mineral waters, in order to relieve a whole variety of dis­eases from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis.

Leisure travel was a British invention due to sociological factors. Brit­ain was the first European country to industrialize, and the industrial society was the first society to offer time for leisure to a growing number of people. Initially, this did not apply to the working masses, but rather to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners, and the traders. These comprised the new middle class.

The British origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names. At Nice, one of the first and most well established holiday re­sorts on the French Riviera, the long esplanade along the seafront is known to this day as the Promenade des Anglais; in many other historic resorts in continental Europe, old well-established palace hotels have names like the Hotel Bristol, the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel Majestic — reflecting the dominance of English customers to whom these resorts previously catered to.