1.Äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî äåéñòâèÿ, êîòîðîå óæå ñîâåðøèëîñü äî îïðåäåëåííîãî ìîìåíòà â ïðîøëîì. Ýòîò ìîìåíò ìîæåò áûòü óêàçàí ñëåäóþùèìè îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàìè âðåìåíè:
by 5 o’clockI had already cleaned my flat by 5 o’clock.
by SaturdayWe had done this task by Saturday.
by that time By that time he had been there twice.
by the first of JuneShe had left by the first of June.
I had never seen him before yesterday.
I had washed everything up by 7 o’clock.
2. Äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî äåéñòâèÿ, êîòîðîå óæå çàâåðøèëîñü äî äðóãîãî, áîëåå ïîçäíåãî ïðîøåäøåãî äåéñòâèÿ, âûðàæåííîãî ãëàãîëîì â the Past Indefinite (the Past Simple).  òàêèõ ñëó÷àÿõ the Past Perfect óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì â ñëîæíîïîä÷èíåííûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ.
They had already gone when I arrived.
My father had visited Kiev before so the city wasn’t new for him.
She loved me for the dangers I had passed.
When Tom telephoned Sue, she had already gone out.