II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text.
II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text. - раздел Философия, Учебно-методическое пособие «Economics and Plant Management» 1. Costs Which Do Not Change As Output Changes Are Called … Costs. 2. Costs W...
1. Costs which do not change as output changes are called … costs. 2. Costs which have both a fixed and a variable element are called … costs. 3. The difference between the selling price and the variable cost of a product is called a product’s unit … . 4. The number of units that must be made and sold to cover total fixed costs is called the product’s break-even … . 5. Three main production methods are job, … and mass production. 6. Job production typically requires skilled … . 7. Mass production is the form most closely associated with … of scale. 8. Efficient … can be employed who bring greater expertise into the firm. 9. Larger firms are better able to support … and development. 10. Doubling the size of something does not usually double its … .
III. Say whether these statements are true or false, and if they are false say why.
1. Fixed costs change as output changes. 2. Examples of variablecosts include factory rent and office workers’ salaries. 3. In practice, many costs are semi-variable, having both a fixed and a variable element. 4. The product’s break-even point is the number of units that must be made and sold to cover total fixed costs. 5. Another way to explain the break-even point is as the point at which the firm makes profit or loss. 6. The way that firms are organized to make their products is the same. 7. Job production means making a unique product. 8. Batch production means that large numbers of an identical product are made. 9. The way production is organized influences the factory layout, the skills needed by employees and how capital-intensive or labour-intensive production will be. 10. Mass production typically requires skilled labour, whereas job production often involves a more capital-intensive approach to manufacture. 11. Batch production is the form most closely associated with economies of scale. 12. Greater production means lower total costs.
IV. Answer the following questions.
1. How can production costs be divided? 2. What do you know about fixed and variable costs? 3. What example of semi-variable costs can you give? 4. To whom is this distinction important? 5. What is it: a product’s unit contribution? 6. In what cases the firm’s fixed costs are paid? 7. What is another way to explain the break-even point? 8. How can you explain the product’s margin of safety? 9. How many main manufacturing methods are there? 10. What are these main manufacturing methods? 11. What is the difference between batch and mass production? 12. What does greater production mean? 13. What do the main economies of scale include?
Учебно методическое пособие Economics and Plant Management представляет собой комплекс текстов по экономической тематике из оригинальных... Пособие состоит из разделов Первый раздел включает тексты предваряемые... Второй раздел состоит из текстов предназначенных для развития навыков монологической и диалогической речи Обширная...
Text study
A basic understanding of economics is essential if we are to be well informed citizens.
It is characteristic of any society that while wants of people are growing constantl
Language practice
I. Mind the use of the words: economy, economics, economic, economical, economize.
1. 5,3 million people contribute to the economy of Belarus. Britain’s economy
Word list
Tertiary – третий, в-третьих; community services – коммунальные службы, услуги; emergency services – экстренные службы (полиция, пожарные); to result from - вытекать, происходить в результате, быть
Text study
Organizations in the economy are classified according to what they produce or provide:
– primary: extractive industries such as the “3 Fs” − f
II. Complete the sentences below using the information of the text
1. Organizations that manufacture products or construct roads, buildings are called … . 2. Private … firms are owned by individuals who hope to make a profit. 3. Land, …, … and enterprise are facto
IV. Answer the following questions
1. According to what are organizations in the economy classified? 2. What can you say about primary organizations? 3. What do secondary organizations do? 4. What kind of services do tertiary organi
II. Complete the blanks
1. An economist cannot … what will happen in future in the economic domain. 2. Economic laws are true under certain given … . 3. Economic laws tell the direction of … which is expected. 4. Complex
Language practice
I. Mind the following words and phrases.
1. Сoin, credit, currency, purchasing power, constant store of value, measure, commodity, inflation, transaction, rapidity, pr
Language practice
I. Mind the use of the words: requirements, deposit, check clearing, reserves, assets.
1. Central bank imposes reserverequirements. 2. Commercial banks promise to p
Language practice
I. Mind the use of the words: vary, variable, varied, various, variety, variation.
1. Conditions on that market are stable and do not vary very much from year t
Language Practice
I. Mind the following words and phrase.
Exhibit, exhibition, exposition, exhibitor, exposure, display, attendance, showcase, show, dedicate, agent, examine, hold, merc
Language Practice
I. Mind the following words advertising, advertisement, publicity, public relations, ads, brand, promote, trademark.
1. Advertising means making a product or service known to
Word list
Legal structure – правовая, законодательная структура; objective – цель, задача; to be associated with – быть связанным с, относиться к; profit – прибыль, доход, польза; profit motive – стимул к по
Text study
Organizations in the UK economy can be classified according to their choice of legal structure, the sector in which they operate, and their business objectives.
Two key con
Language practice
I. Match the words their definitions.
a) liability 1) one who shares something with another
b) business 2) a general inclination, direction or
Word list
Profit – прибыль, доход, польза, выгода; turnover – товарооборот, оборачиваемость; market share – доля рынка; expansion – увеличение, рост, развитие; reinvesting – реинвестирование;
Text study
The size of a firm can be measured in different ways. Popular bases are:
– profit;
– t
Language practice
I. Match the words their definitions.
a) profit
1) material wealth in the form of money or property
Word list
Production costs – заводская себестоимость, издержки производства; fixed costs – фиксированные расходы; output – выпуск, объём производства, выработка, производительность; rent – арендная плата; sa
Text study
One important way to classify production costs is to divide them into fixed and variable. Fixed costs do not change as output changes: examples include facto
Word list
Accounting – бухгалтерское дело, учёт, расчёт, начисление; account – счёт, учёт; accountant – бухгалтер, счетовод, учётчик; ledger – бухгалтерская книга, регистрационный журнал; sal
Balance Sheet
Purpose: To show the firm’s financial position.
Contents: Assets (items owned by the firm) and Liabilities (items owed by the firm): capital expenditure.
A
Language practice
IMatch the words to their definitions.
a) Sales Ledger
1) it is the main liquidity ratio
Word list
Human relations – взаимоотношения между членами коллектива; efficient – эффективный, умелый, квалифицированный; workforce – рабочая сила, трудовые ресурсы; recruit – нанимать на раб
Text study
All firms depend for their survival on a contented and efficient workforce: its human resource. A firm’s Personnel function manages its human resources.
I. Match the words to their definitions.
a) staff
1) a formal agreement between two or more parties
b) vacancy
2) one in charge of managing an enterprise or busin
Word list
Marketing function – маркетинговая функция; consumer – потребитель; to promote – продвигать, раскручивать, содействовать продаже; market research – изучение возможностей рынка; fiel
Text study
The marketing function has two key roles to play in a firm.
– It collects and analyses data from the firm’s markets and from its consumers.
– It promotes and suppo
Language practice
I. Match the words to their definitions.
a) market
1) a person who buys services or goods
IV. Answer the following questions
1. How many key roles does the marketing function have? 2. What does collecting and analyzing data involve? 3. How are data collected? 4. What research collects original data exclusively for this r
Хотите получать на электронную почту самые свежие новости?
Подпишитесь на Нашу рассылку
Наша политика приватности обеспечивает 100% безопасность и анонимность Ваших E-Mail
Новости и инфо для студентов