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The History of English Literature

The History of English Literature - раздел Культура, Культуры и искусства The Literature Of England Is One Of The Highest Achievements Of A Great Natio...

The literature of England is one of the highest achievements of a great nation. The language in which it is written has evolved over hundreds of years and is still changing. Several nations, including Canada, the United States, and Australia, are indebted to England for a literary heritage.

c. 658 An illiterate English shepherd named Caedmon composed (orally) his Hymn, which was commonly considered to be the earliest surviving Old English poem.
731 – 732 St. Bede the Venerable, theologian and chronologist,finished his historical work the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which contained the description of events from the raids of Julius Caesar to the development of Christianity in Britain.
The only manuscript copy of the epic poem Beowulf, the oldest (c. 700 AD) of the great heroic epics written in English, was produced. Beowulf is an odd blend of Christianity and paganism. The story of Beowulf takes place in lands other than England, but the customs and manners described were those of the Anglo-Saxon people. This epic poem describes their heroic past.
The medieval romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was composed by an unknown English poet.
The poem the Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman was written by a poet believed to be William Langland.
The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer’s most enduring literary work and the project he devotedasbe sh himself to until his death, began in London.
English writer Sir Thomas Melory finished in prison Le Morte d’Arthur, the first English prose account of King Arthur and Fellowship of the Round Table.
Le Morte d’Arthur was edited and printed by William Caxton, the first English printer
English Humanist poet Sir Thomas More published his masterpiece (written in Latin), Utopia
c. 1530 English poet Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced the sonnet form into English poetry
English poet Edmund Spenser published the Shepheardes Calender (Shepherd’s Calendar), which marked the beginning of the English Renaissance in literature.
1590 –1616 The “age” of the great English playwright William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616), who was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, became an actor in London and then the creator of the world’s famous theatre “The Globe”. The poet wrote about the eternal things in life: love, death and high human aspirations. He reflected the spirit of the Renaissance. He taught to understand the essence of the human relations, passions and conflicts, and presented them with great dramatic vigour. “Richard III”, “Hamlet”, “Macbeth”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”, “Much Ado About Nothing” and other plays belong to the golden pages of world’s literature. William Shakespeare is also known as the author of poems and 154 sonnets.
English playwright Christopher Marlow, whose Dr. Faustus and other plays introduced blank verse into English literature, was killed under mysterious circumstances.
The 6 books of Edmund Spenser’s the Faerie (Fairy) Queen were published together in a single volume.
British philosopher Sir Francis Bacon, one of the great masters of English prose, published the first edition of his Essays.
Volpone and the Alchemist, English playwright Ben Johnson’s most successful satiric comedies, were written and performed between 1606 and 1610.
British philosopher Thomas Hobbs published Leviathan, one of the great works of political philosophy.
Samuel Pepys began his Diary, one of the most comprehensive and detailed portraits of English society during Restoration.
John Milton published Paradise Lost, his masterpiece.
The Way of the World, considered by many to be the wittiest and the most successful allegory in the English language, was completed by British playwright William Congreve.
British writer and editor Sir Richard Steel founded the first famous London newspaper the Tatler.
Another famous newspaper the Spectator was founded by Steel and his friend and partner Joseph Addison.
English novelist Daniel Defoe published Robinson Crusoe, the first and the most famous of his series of adventure tales
English novelist Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece, the satirical novel Gulliver’s Travels, was published and got critical success and controversy.
English poet and playwright John Gay published his famous ballad-opera the Beggar’s Opera, considered to be the greatest theatrical success of the 18th century.
English novelist Samuel Richardson published his epistolary novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded.
“The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling” by Henry Fielding (a well-known English novelist and playwright) was published.
Early Romantic British poet William Blake published his poetry collection Songs of Innocence and Experience.
English Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge published the most important collection of poems and essays in English literature, Lyrical Ballads.

 

Words:

heritage achievement raid enduring paganism medieval aspiration vigour playwright circumstance volume comprehensive epistolary controversy наследие достижение набег длительный язычество средневековый стремление сила драматург обстоятельство том исчерпывающий эпистолярный спор  

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Английская культура
    Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку     Тула – 2006   ББК 81.2

Методические рекомендации
  Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов заочного отделения I и II курсов гуманитарных специальностейвысших учебных заведений. Цель данного пособия –

English-Speaking Countries
Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the territory of the British Isles.It con­sists of four main parts which are: En­gland, Sc

Answer the following questions.
1. What is the population of the UK? 2. What is the area of the UK? 3. How many islands does the UK consist of? 4. What are the main parts of the UK and their capitals?

B) Guess the name of the country described in the paragraphs.
(1) It is the world's largest island and the smallest continent. Its area is about the same as that of the USA (without Alaska). It is washed by the Pacific and Indian oceans. (2) It is th

Find English equivalents in the text.
Занимать территорию, ост­ровное государство, население, крупней­шие города, квадратные километры, состоять из островов, грани­чить с, пра­вительство, омываться океаном, быть разделенным на штаты, к

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. How did E. Tylor define “culture”? 2. When was the first inventory of cultural categories undertaken? 3. What are t

Holidays in Great Britain and in the USA
  There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year’s Day, Easter Monday, May Day and others. Public hol

Tasks for the discussion
1. Translate the text into Russian. 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Are there many public holidays in Britain? 2. What is a “ba

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. Каждый год норвежцы дарят Лондону подарок. 2. Веселье начинается накануне, 24 декабря. 3. Санта Клаус приезжает с северного полюса на санях. Он одет в красный колпак и красную

Insert the necessary words.
1. …is not a national holiday in the USA, but it is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of ‘valentines’. 2. …is celebrated on the first Monday in September.

TEXT II
  1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Europe, William Byrd, Elgar, Machael Tippett, Benjamin Britten, William Walton, John McCloughlin, Django Ba

Music in Britain
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries English musicians had a great reputation in Europe, both for their talent and for their originality. It was their experiments in keyboard music which help

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. Was Britain rich in talented composers? 2. Who was the most distinguished composer of Britain? 3. What kind of musi

TEST ON UNIT II
1. When do the British decorate their trees? a) on the 25th of December, in the morning; b) on the 24th of December; c) whenever they like;

Theatre
Theatre is a magic word for many people. Theatre has long been important in British and American cultural life. Some people go to the theatre to laugh, to relax, to escape from their everyday worri

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. What forms of theatre performance are there? 2. Where did theatre appear? 3. Where was the drama of the Middle Ages

TEXI II A
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Steven Spielberg, New Jersey, Arizona, World War II, Escape to Nowhere, Firelight, Jaws, Hollywood, Close Encounters, R

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. Where was Steven Spielberg born? 2. Who was his father? 3. When did Spielberg shoot his first film? 4. Wha

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. When was Charles Chaplin born? 2. Charlie's early life was spent touring England, wasn’t it? Why did he have such childhood?

TEST ON UNIT III
  1. Where is Spielberg’s motherland? a) in the USA; b) in the USSR; c) in the Ukraine; d) in the UK. 2. What was his hobby in his childho

TEXT I A
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Caedmon, St. Bede the Venerable, Beowulf, Julius Caesar, Sir Gawain, William Concerning Piers, William Langland, Canterbury

TEXT IB
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Romanticism, Gothic, Horace Walpole, Ontario, Ann Radcliffe, Udolpho, Mary Shelly, Frankenstein, Bram Stoker, Dracula, Edga

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. Who was the author of the oldest English poem? 2. What is the oldest heroic epic written in English? 3. What is the

Painting and Architecture in Britain
Painting developed later in England than in other European countries. One of the first important periods of English painting was initiated by a German visitor. Hans Holbein the Younger lived in Lon

Translate the texts into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. During what king’s reign did Hans Holbein live and work in London? 2. What English painter was also a poet? 3. What

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