рефераты конспекты курсовые дипломные лекции шпоры

Раздел Культура
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Find English equivalents in the text.

Реферат Курсовая Конспект

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Find English equivalents in the text.

Find English equivalents in the text. - раздел Культура, Культуры и искусства Занимать Территорию, Островное Государство, Население, Крупнейшие Города, К...

Занимать территорию, островное государство, население, крупнейшие города, квадратные километры, состоять из островов, граничить с, правительство, омываться океаном, быть разделенным на штаты, к западу от Европы, прекрасные озера, возвышенность, низменность, быть богатым рудой, кораблестроение, член Содружества, добывать минералы, различные части страны, независимое государство, гористая страна, железная руда.

TEXT II

1. Read after the speaker:

British, Edward Tylor, the British Association for the Advancement of Science

2. Pay attention to the following words and word-combinations:

Acquisition, efficient, advancement, exhaustive, advertiser, inspire, ample, intricately, anthropologist, inventory, apparent, involve, aspiration, major, association, manual, awareness, observation, behaviour, patterned, committee, significant, component, socially, consciousness, threshold, creative, value.

What is Culture?

The word culture can be used in two senses: to mean the whole way of life of a definite group of people; and to mean the arts, learning, and all creative efforts. The second meaning is usually referred to as “high culture.”

The modern definition of culture was first proposed by the nineteenth-century British anthropologist, Edward Tylor, who defined it as socially patterned human thought and behaviour.

The first inventory of categories was undertaken in 1872 by a committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which was assisted by Tylor. The committee prepared an anthropological field manual that listed seventy-six culture topics. The most exhaustive list was first published in 1938 and is still used as a guide.

Culture involves at least three components: what people think, what they do, and the material products they produce. Thus, mental processes, beliefs, knowledge, and values are parts of culture.

Culture can be defined as ideas, customs, skills, arts, tools, aspirations, and attitudes, which characterize a given group of people in a given period of time. It is a system of integrated patterns, most of which remain below the threshold of consciousness, yet all of which influence human behaviour. Culture is the context within which we exist, think, feel, and relate to others. It is the “glue” that binds a group of people together.

A language is a part of culture and culture is a part of a language; the two are intricately interwoven, so one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture. It is apparent that culture, as an ingrained set of behaviour and models of perception, becomes highly important in the learning of a second language. The acquisition of a second language is also the acquisition of a second culture. Both linguists and anthropologists bear ample testimony to this observation.

Culture – beliefs, attitudes, aspirations, pragmatic designs and fantasies, actions and reactions – is studied by advertisers all over the world. Advertisers try to find ways that might inspire people of a given culture to buy a product of one manufacturer rather than of another. Although the great role of the language used in advertisements is undeniable, the knowledge of cultural concepts is quite a significant factor, too. Cultural awareness of advertisers can make advertising campaigns more efficient, bringing major practical results.

Words:

inventory exhaustive to involve tool aspiration threshold consciousness glue intricately significance ingrained perception acquisition ample testimony observation to inspire awareness

список исчерпывающий, всесторонний включать инструмент, орудие стремление порог, преддверие сознание клей сложно, запутанно значение, смысл проникший восприятие, осознание, понимание приобретение, поступление достаточный показание, признак наблюдение вдохновлять, вселять сознание

Tasks for the discussion:

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Культуры и искусства

Федерального государственного образовательного учреждения... высшего и профессионального образования... Московский государственный университет...

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Английская культура
Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку Тула – 2006 ББК 81.2

Методические рекомендации
Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов заочного отделения I и II курсов гуманитарных специальностейвысших учебных заведений. Цель данного пособия –

English-Speaking Countries
Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the territory of the British Isles.It consists of four main parts which are: England, Sc

Answer the following questions.
1. What is the population of the UK? 2. What is the area of the UK? 3. How many islands does the UK consist of? 4. What are the main parts of the UK and their capitals?

B) Guess the name of the country described in the paragraphs.
(1) It is the world's largest island and the smallest continent. Its area is about the same as that of the USA (without Alaska). It is washed by the Pacific and Indian oceans. (2) It is th

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. How did E. Tylor define “culture”? 2. When was the first inventory of cultural categories undertaken? 3. What are t

Holidays in Great Britain and in the USA
There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year’s Day, Easter Monday, May Day and others. Public hol

Tasks for the discussion
1. Translate the text into Russian. 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Are there many public holidays in Britain? 2. What is a “ba

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. Каждый год норвежцы дарят Лондону подарок. 2. Веселье начинается накануне, 24 декабря. 3. Санта Клаус приезжает с северного полюса на санях. Он одет в красный колпак и красную

Insert the necessary words.
1. …is not a national holiday in the USA, but it is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of ‘valentines’. 2. …is celebrated on the first Monday in September.

TEXT II
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Europe, William Byrd, Elgar, Machael Tippett, Benjamin Britten, William Walton, John McCloughlin, Django Ba

Music in Britain
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries English musicians had a great reputation in Europe, both for their talent and for their originality. It was their experiments in keyboard music which help

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. Was Britain rich in talented composers? 2. Who was the most distinguished composer of Britain? 3. What kind of musi

TEST ON UNIT II
1. When do the British decorate their trees? a) on the 25th of December, in the morning; b) on the 24th of December; c) whenever they like;

Theatre
Theatre is a magic word for many people. Theatre has long been important in British and American cultural life. Some people go to the theatre to laugh, to relax, to escape from their everyday worri

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. What forms of theatre performance are there? 2. Where did theatre appear? 3. Where was the drama of the Middle Ages

TEXI II A
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Steven Spielberg, New Jersey, Arizona, World War II, Escape to Nowhere, Firelight, Jaws, Hollywood, Close Encounters, R

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. Where was Steven Spielberg born? 2. Who was his father? 3. When did Spielberg shoot his first film? 4. Wha

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. When was Charles Chaplin born? 2. Charlie's early life was spent touring England, wasn’t it? Why did he have such childhood?

TEST ON UNIT III
1. Where is Spielberg’s motherland? a) in the USA; b) in the USSR; c) in the Ukraine; d) in the UK. 2. What was his hobby in his childho

TEXT I A
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Caedmon, St. Bede the Venerable, Beowulf, Julius Caesar, Sir Gawain, William Concerning Piers, William Langland, Canterbury

The History of English Literature
The literature of England is one of the highest achievements of a great nation. The language in which it is written has evolved over hundreds of years and is still changing. Several nations, includ

TEXT IB
1. Pay attention to the following proper names: Romanticism, Gothic, Horace Walpole, Ontario, Ann Radcliffe, Udolpho, Mary Shelly, Frankenstein, Bram Stoker, Dracula, Edga

Translate the text into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. Who was the author of the oldest English poem? 2. What is the oldest heroic epic written in English? 3. What is the

Painting and Architecture in Britain
Painting developed later in England than in other European countries. One of the first important periods of English painting was initiated by a German visitor. Hans Holbein the Younger lived in Lon

Translate the texts into Russian.
2. Answer the following questions: 1. During what king’s reign did Hans Holbein live and work in London? 2. What English painter was also a poet? 3. What