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THE PRONOUN IN ENGLISH

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THE PRONOUN IN ENGLISH

THE PRONOUN IN ENGLISH - раздел Образование, THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR O A ‘Part Of Speech’ O Very Different From O...

o a ‘part of speech’

o very different from other lexical-grammatical classes of words:

(1) semantically:

o have no denotational meaning, do not name objects of reality

o have very general and unspecified semantics of indication (= deixis) which is only actualised in context

o Semantic groups of Pronous:

- Personal ProN

- Demonstrative ProN

- Reflexive ProN

- Reciprocal ProN

- Possessive ProN

- Indefinite ProN

- Relative ProN

- Interrogative ProN

(2) morphologically:

o Only a few pronouns are variable while most are not:

o Personal Pronouns have the morphological Category of Case which is different from the Category of Case of the Noun:

- the Common – Object – Genitive case forms with incomplete paradigms

o Demonstrative and Personal Pronouns have the morphological Category of Number

(3) syntactically:

o have no syntactic functions of their own; substitute for words of other classes (= are used in their functions) → Syntactic groups of ProN:

- Noun-Pronouns (= Substantivized ProN),

- Adjective-Pronouns (= Adjectivized ProN)

o With some pronouns there is no substitution:

- I, you, they, ‘dummy’ it

→ an extremely heterogeneous class, but it has two defining characteristics which unite the class of pronouns and make it different from all the other word classes:

- no lexical meaning but semantics of indication

- no syntactic roles of their own but the function of substitution

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THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR

THEORETICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR PART... FUNCTION WORDS IN ENGLISH...

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PART 1. MORPHOLOGY
Study guide for third year students Учебно-методическое пособие для вузов Составитель: М.В. Бочарова

MORPHOLOGY AS A BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS
THE TRADITIONAL (STRUCTURAL) APPROACH TO LANGUAGE PHENOMENA o A language as a hierarchical structure of interrelated ‘layers’ o The syntactic, l

THE PROBLEM OF PARTS OF SPEECH CLASSIFICATION
o Principles for classifying words into lexical-grammatical classes (‘parts of speech’): - the general semantic principle - the formal morphologic

THE NOUN IN ENGLISH
o The defining characteristics of central nouns: They are a class of notional words which - express the general notion of Thingness (the general se

THE VERB IN ENGLISH
o Verbs are the focal point of the clause as the verb in the role of the predicate determines the other elements that can occur in the clause and specifies the semantic relations between them.

THE ADJECTIVE IN ENGLISH
o The defining characteristics of central adjectives: They are a class of notional words which - express the general semantics of Quality; - have the morp

THE ADVERB IN ENGLISH
o a class of notional words [Smirnitsky, Barkhudarov, Ilish] o General semantics: give a characteristic of another characteristic o They cover a wi

THE NUMERAL IN ENGLISH
o a class of notional words with two parallel sets – Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals o General semantics: - Cardinal Numerals express the idea of an abstract number

PREPOSITIONS vs. CONJUNCTIONS
The Preposition The Conjunction o Function (form) words, not ‘parts of speech’ proper Linking words that connect

Supplementary reference materials
3. Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков: учеб. пособие / В.Д. Аракин. – М. : ФизМатЛит, 2000. – 256 с. 4. Блох М.Я. Практикум по теоретической