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Complementary distribution (дополнительная дистрибуция).

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Complementary distribution (дополнительная дистрибуция).

Complementary distribution (дополнительная дистрибуция). - раздел Образование, Morphological structure of the word The Morphs Are Said To Be In Contrastive Distribution If Their Meaning...

The morphs are said to be in contrastive distribution if their meanings (functions) are different. Such morphs constitute different morphemes.

Example:

the suffixes -(e)d and -ing in the verb-forms returned, returning.

The morphs are said to be in non-contrastive distribution if their meaning (function) is the same. Such morphs constitute ‘free alternants’ (free variants) of the same morpheme.

Example:

the suffixes -(e)d and -t in the verb-forms learned, learnt.

Complementary distribution can be understood as relation of formally different morphs having the same function in different environments. Two or more morphs are said to be in complementary distribution if they have the same meaning and the difference in their form is explained by different environments. They are considered to be the allomorphs of the same morpheme, i.d. an allomorph is a linguistics term for a variant form of a morph.

Examples:

1) The plural morpheme –s. It occurs is several allomorphs depending on its phonological environment namely /-s/, /-z/, /-iz/ which stand in phonemic complementary distribution.

2) The past tense morpheme –ed occurs in several allomorphs /-id/, /-t/, /-d/.

3) The plural allomorph -en in oxen, children and the zero suffix of sheep stand in morphemic complementary distribution with the other allomorphs of the plural morpheme.

So the notion of complementary distribution helps establish the identity of grammatical elements.

As a result of the application of distributional analysis to the morphemic level, the following distributional types of morpheme are distinguished:

I) according to the degree of self-dependence (по степени самостоятельности)

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Эта тема принадлежит разделу:

Morphological structure of the word

Contrastive distribution... Non contrastive... Free morphemes свободные морфемы Bound morphemes...

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Morphological structure of the word
2.1. Morphology: definition. The notion of morpheme. Morphology (Gr. morphe – form, and logos – word) is a branch of gramm

Distributional Types of Morphemes
The distribution of a unit is the total of all its environments; in other words, the distribution of a unit is its environment in generalised terms of classes or categories.

Bound morphemes (связанные морфемы)
Bound morphemes cannot form words by themselves, they are identified only as component segmental parts of words. Free morphemes can build up words by themselves. Example: handf

Covert morphemes (скрытые)
Overt morphemes are explicit not zeroed morphemes building up words. Covert morphemes are implicit morphemes, i.d. a morpheme having no explicit representation in the actual expression (a contrasti

Replacive morphemes (субституционные).
Additive morphemes are outer grammatical suffixes, since, as a rule, they are opposed to the absence of morphemes in grammatical alternation. look+ed; small+er, The root

Discontinuous morphemes (прерывные).
The continuous morpheme is an uninterrupted string of phonemes building up a morpheme. The discontinuous morpheme is a grammatical unit built up of an interrupted string of phonemes. It is

Morphological structure of the word
1) Be ready to define the following terms: morphology, morpheme, zero morphemes, marginal morphemes, central morphemes, root

Morphs and Allomorphs
The linguist who has completed a phonemic analysis of a language ... is in about the position a chemist would be in when he had succeeded in isolating the elements. We have somewhat of an advantage

Morphemes
With the recognition of the uniquely occurring morphs and their association in sets of identical allomorphs, we have made a good start toward moving up the ladder of linguistic structure to the nex

Inflection and Derivation
So far we have distinguished 2 principal types of morphemes: bases, like [rat], and affixes, which are either prefixes, like [re-], or suffixes, like [-es]. Before we ca

Types of Morphemes as Determined by Their Distribution
The distribution of morphemes differentiates a great many classes of morphemes and combinations of morphemes: a) bound vs. free, b) roots vs. nonroots, c) roots vs. stems, d) nuclei vs. nonnuclei,