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Read and translate the text - раздел Образование, ENGLISH FOR POWER ENGINEERING What Is Energy? In The Language Of Science...

WHAT IS ENERGY?

In the language of science energy is the ability to do work. There are various forms of energy, such as heat, mechanical, electrical, atomic and so on.

Energy is needed for all our activities. Energy is needed to make anything happen. It makes the sun shine, it makes cars and buses move, it even keeps you alive!

However, energy is very hard to explain. We know we have to 'save it' if we want to keep our bills down. We know that the glucose in a Mars bar is 'for energy'. If somebody is very active, we might say that he is 'energetic'. But exactly what is energy? Where does it come from?

We can storeenergy in different forms. It is then released and used. Food, oil, petrol, gas and electric batteries all produce useful energy.

Our largest energy source is the Sun. It suppliesus with free energy. But we can't use solar energy for many of our activities, e.g. eating, driving, flying or communicating by radio or television. We have to use energy from other sources, such as fossil fuels. This costs money.

Energy is always changing from one form to another. So the chemical energy in food changes in our bodies to heat. This enables us to do work. If we climb stairs, the chemical energy changes to potential energy. If we run, the chemical energy changes to kinetic energy.

The total amount of energy remains the same. Energy is neither created nor destroyed. This is called conservationof energy.

However, when energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy is wasted. So the amount of useful energy is always less after a change.

Finally, our present sources of energy are limited. We must use less energy. We also need to find ways of using alternative energy sources.

II. VOCABULARY

1. science['saɪəns]	наука
2. activity[æk'tɪvətɪ]	деятельность; мероприятие
to break off an activity	прекращать деятельность
We plan to expand our business activities in East Africa.	Мы планируем расширить нашу деятельность в Восточной Африке.
3. glucose ['gluːkəus]	глюкоза
Glucose is used in the food industry.	Глюкоза используется в пищевой промышленности.
4. energetic[ˌenə'ʤetɪk]	активный, энергичный
He is very energetic.	Он очень энергичный.
5. exactly[ɪg'zæktlɪ]	в точности, точно
3. alive[ə'laɪv]	энергичный, живой
4. to store[stɔː]	хранить, сохранять
How much energy can this battery store?	Какова энергоёмкость этой батареи?
5. to supply[sə'plaɪ]	cнабжать, поставлять
tosupplywith	снабжать ч-л.
Each soldier is suppliedwith two pairs of boots.	Каждому солдату выдаётся по две пары ботинок.
6. to cost[kɔst]	стоить, обходиться
The journey will cost her £25.	Путешествие будет стоить ей 25 фунтов стерлингов.
7. to enable [ɪ'neɪbl]	давать возможность
8. neither... nor['naɪðə nɔː]	ни... ни
neither hot nor cold	ни жарко, ни холодно
9. conservation [ˌkɔnsə'veɪʃən]	охрана, сохранение, защита
conservation of energy	сохранение энергии
The government must take action to promote energy conservation.	Правительство должно принимать меры для энергосбережения.
10. however[hau'evə]	однако, тем не менее
11. alternative [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv]	альтернативный

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И А Масачева... ENGLISH FOR POWER ENGINEERING...

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Изд-во АлтГТУ Барнаул 2012 Масачева И.А. English for power engineering : учеб. пособие / И.А.Масачева.; Алт. гос. тех. ун-т им. И.И.Ползунова. – Барнаул: Изд-во Ал

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WHO INVENTED ELECTRICITY? It will not be wrong to describe electricity as being widely-used. The application of electricity has grown to the poin

Answer the Questions
1. What is the purest and the most basic form of electricity? 2. Who was able to build the first electric motor? 3. What led to the creation of an electric power system?

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1. Lightning is the purest and the most basic form of …............................................... 2. Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity through the experiment of flying a kite d

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1. In the language of science energy is the ability.......................................................... 2. Energy is needed for all our...............................

NUCLEAR PROBLEMS
Why worry about fossil fuels if we have nuclearenergy? Well, there are many reasons. One is that this same nuclear reaction is responsible for the

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1. What are the problems caused by the use of nuclear fuels? 2. Why are people worried about the nuclear plants? 3. Is application of nuclear energy dangerous? 4. What ci

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1. Countries using nuclear power stations might also learn to make............................ 2. The superpowers already have more than enough to destroy..................

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ENERGY SOURCES Most of our energy comes from fossil fuels. Coal,oil and natural gas supply about 85 percent of US primaryenergy consumption.

Answer the Questions
1. Where does most of our energy come from? 2. Are fossil fuels the only source of energy? 3. What are the ways to produce heat and motion? 4. What energy

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1. Most of our energy comes from ……………………………………………….. 2. The earth's atmosphere and biosphere may not survive the environmental impact of burning ……………………………………………………………….

THE ENERGY OF THE SUN
Every day the Sun radiates, or sends out an enormous amount of energy. It radiates more energy in one second than people have used since time began. Where does all this en

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1. What amount of energy does the Sun radiate every day? 2. How can we use the Sun energy? 3. Is solar energy free? 4. Is it expensive to build solar power stations?

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1. Every day the Sun radiates an enormous amount of................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Solar energy is the m

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TYPES OF MECHANICAL ENERGY There are two types of mechanicalenergy - potentialenergy and kineticenergy. Suppose

TIDAL ENERGY
Tidalenergy is energy that can be obtainedfrom the changing sea levels. In other words, tidal energy is a directresult of tide shifting

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1. What is tidal energy? 2. Is it a renewable source of energy? 3. How does it work? 4. Why is it considered inexhaustible? 5. Can you compare it with other ener

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1. Tidal energy is energy that can be obtained from.............................................. 2. Tidal energy is considered a renewable.................................................

ENERGY CONSERVATION
Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used while achieving a similar outcome. This pr

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1. What is energy conservation? 2. What does energy conservation result in? 3. Why do consumers of energy want to conserve it? 4. What can the reduced energy demand provi

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