Lesson-40 - раздел Образование, They oftenread English books Is There An End To The Computer Race?
Today The Wor...
Is there an End to the Computer Race?
Today the word “electronics” is in general usage. Millions of people have electron watches. There are a lot of various radio and TV sets, video cassette recorders and CD players in our houses. In factories and plants we are surrounded with electronically controlled machines and instruments, we are carried by airplanes, ships, trains and cars with built-in electronic devices and satellites circle the globe. In other words, we are living in an electronic world.
And the centre of this world is a tiny silicon plate of a few square millimeters, an integrated circuit, or a ship, as it is more commonly known. The integrated circuit is undoubtedly one of the most sophisticated inventions of man, science and technology. It is in the heart of every electronic device and the more cassette recorders, TV sets and computers we need, the more integrated circuits are required.
When we speak about a further development of computers we mean not only quantity, but also high technology and high speed. As the operation of an integrated circuit depends on microscopic “components”, the purity of all materials and the cleanness at the plant they are produced at must be of the highest quality. A continuous search is going on in laboratories throughout the world for more perfect, reliable and high speed electronic circuits.
In the past it took scientists and researchers a whole lifetime to make a few thousand calculations, whereas for a modern computer this task is a matter of a few seconds. At present computers capable of performing billions of operations a second are required. Super computers are different from ordinary computers. The computer does the computations operation by operation, while the supercomputer operates like a brain: all operations are being done simultaneously.
In the next few years engineers will complete the work on computers of above 2 billion operations a second. It will take a few more years to produce a 10 billion operations computer. The fight-generation computers performing 100 billion operations a second will become available in the near future. Is there an end to this race?
According to some researchers, we are close to what can be regarded as a true physical limit. But other specialists think that photons will make the operation a thousand time faster. This means that in the future it will be possible to expect the appearance of photon computers and that computations will be done by means of light. Light has several advantages over electronics: light beams are faster, travel in parallel lines and can pass through one another without interference. Already, the optical equivalent of a transistor has been produced, and intensive research on optical-electronic computers is being carried out in a number of countries around the world. In a few decades a new age of light may replace the still youthful electronic age. The race is going on.
Lesson... Present Simple with adverbs usually often seldom... In Present Simple we use the adverbs of unknown time such as usually often seldom and they are used before verbs We call them unknown time...
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Lesson-40
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Present Continuous
Numbers and trends: Saying Numbers:
Years: 1984 nineteen eighty four\ 2002 two thousand and two
Currencies: Ј 3.
Question
To be
Pronoun
Verb+ ing?
1.Complete the sentences with to b
Digital watch
Since the advent of electronic watches that incorporate small computers, digital displays have also been available. A digital display simply shows the time as a number, e.g., 12:08 instead of a sho
Сomputers Concern You
When Ch. Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812, he could hardly have imagined the situations we find ourselves in today. Almost
Solar Light by Night
Most people living in towns consider it a usual thin that streets are lit at night. But street lights need a power supply (источник энергии) therefore distant areas with no source of electricity re
Lesson-5-6
1.Suffixes: -er/ -or; -ant/ -ent:
Verb + - er/ -or = Noun
To teach -, -teacher –
To regulate – regulator –
To lecture – lecturer, to speak – speaker, to invent –
Grammar Expressing movement
The rules of the game
1.You play this sport outside with one, two, or more players. You have to hit the ball into a small hole. You mustn’t hit the ball into the water.
2.You can
Glossary
English
Russian
Kazakh
A capacitor
кондинсатор
кондинсатор
insulator
Radio waves in the ionosphere
When a radio wave leaves a transmitting antenna, it travels in all directions. Part of the signal travels along the ground and is called the ground wave. Part of the signal travel through the lower
A region called the ionosphere is reached
a) by tropospheric waves
b) by ionospheric waves
Finish the sentences using the words with the opposite meaning:
1. part of a wave travels at an angle
Lesson12
Grammar defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses with who, which, where
A cook is a person who works in a restaurant.
A different kind of dictionary
Ambrose Bierce was a 19-th century American author and journalist. His most popular book is probably the Devil’s Dictionary, written between 1881 and 1887. Bierce’s dictionary does not contain norm
Importance of transportation
Many of the world’s major cities were built long before the car appeared and people realized the need to built efficient road systems. Current traffic management problems may be connected with old
Lesson-14
Введение грамматики: Неопределенные местоимения some, any.
A We use some in positives sentences:
I’m going to buy some clothes
II. Consolidation of grammar
2. Look at these sentences.
I’d like some bananas. (plural noun)
I’d like some mineral water (uncount noun).
We use some with both plural and uncount nouns.
Lesson-15
Text: Holiday
In the right place... but at the wrong time!
Tim, 20, student from Manchester. When I was a teenager I went on holiday with my pare
The Library of Congress.
The Library of Congress is the Nation’s library in USA. It serves not only members and committees of the congress, but to libraries throughout the USA and the world and to the scholars, researchers
Modal verbs;May,might
We use might and may+infinitive to talk about a future possibility.
You can also use May I…to ask for permission.
May I use phone?
Grammar ex.
Complete the sente
Lesson-18
Numbers and trends: Saying Numbers:
Years: 1984 nineteen eighty four\ 2002 two thousand and two
Currencies: Ј 3.
SPEAKING
Ask and answer in pairs. the other students in this class
A ask B six How long? questions know your oldest
GRAMMAR
Modal verbs: Should/shouldn’t
Use should/shouldn’t +infinitive to give somebody advice or say what you think is the right thing to do.
You should cut your hair. =
TELEVISION SYSTEM
The television system is considerably more complex than the sound-broadcasting system.
In a typical television system two separate transmitters are employed one for sound channel and the o
Lesson-22
Grammar:Quantifiers
Use too,too much,too many to say more than is good.
Use too+an adjective
Use toomuch+uncountable nouns
Use t
Grammar test
1.We use too with_____________
A)adjective b)noun c)verb d)adverb
2.We use too much+
a) uncountable nouns b) countable nouns c) adjective d)adverb
3.We use enoug
Television
The television set is evidently the most important and popular electronic product of all time. All homes in developed countries have one or more TV sets and in many countries there are considerably
Lesson-24, 25
1.Suffixes: -er/ -or; -ant/ -ent:
Verb + - er/ -or = Noun
To teach -, -teacher –
To regulate – regulator –
To lecture – lecturer, to speak – speaker, to invent –
Lesson-26
Suffix: - ible, - able
-ible
-able
If the root is not a complete word, add -ible.
aud + ible = audible
Examples:
Lesson-27 ,28
Text: A great citizen of the world.
Every day many people visited Thomas A. Edison’s laboratories in Orange, New Jersey. Some of them were young inventors who went to s
Lesson-29
1. Grammar: The Participle.
Participle 1 Participle 2
В функции определения
A lot
Grammar test
1. They want____ to Australia
a) going b)to go c)go d)goes
2. Don`t forget ___ the restaurant
a) to phone b)phoning c)phone d)phones
3. I went to the travel agen
Lesson-31
Text:Super phones
Not long ago it became known that cell phone manufacturers were experimenting with several different designs for the handheld devices that would be linke
Past Simple regular and irregular verbs
1. We use the Past Simple to talk about finished action in the past. We went on holiday
2. We use the infinitive after. Did …? And didn’t for negatives and questions.
EXERCISES
A
Choose the proper word and put it into the blank space:
1. Radio is a popular … of communication.
2. Radio receivers … millions of people to lea
Lesson-34
Text: ELECTRON TUBES
Let us consider electron tubes. Electron tubes in use nowadays are a diode, a triode, a tetrode and a pentode. The main parts of electron tubes are el
Talking via Space
Communication has come a long way from the time when an In ----- beat drum (барабан) in the forest to the time when a cliental ---------- messages from a satellite. In this space age communication
Lesson 37
Passive: be + past participle
Present
Risotto is made with rise It isn’t made with pasta. Is it made with meat?
These offices are clea
GRAMMAR passive
a. Make five true sentences using the words in the chart.
The dishwasher is called Tipp-Ex today.
Disposable nappies was invented by Marion Donovan
More than 55 million n
Grammar test
1. Angela _______ the job
a) offered b) was offered c) offers d) was offering
2. First _______ by Popov
a) was invented b) invents c) is inventing d) invent
3. H
Glossary
English
Russian
Kazakh
1. Silicon plate
2. integrated circuit
3. chip
4. sophisticated
5. high technology
6. it
Grammar First Conditional
If I miss the bus, I’ll get a taxi.
She won’t be angry if you tell her the truth.
What will you do if it rains?
2. Complete with the correct form of the verbs.
I
Lesson-42
Passive: be + past participle
Present
Risotto is made with rise It isn’t made with pasta. Is it made with meat?
These offices are clea
Grammar test
1. Angela _______ the job
a) offered b) was offered c) offers d) was offering
2. First _______ by Popov
a) was invented b) invents c) is inventing d) invent
3. H
The past perfect
a. Use The Past Perfect tense is used to refer to a non-continuous action in the past, which was already completed by the time another action in the past took place. In the fol
Electromechanical television
The Nipkow disk. This schematic shows the circular paths traced by the holes, that may also be square for greater precision.
The origins of mechanical television can be traced back to the
Glossary
advantage
приемущество
жетістік
a more favourable position or state
entertainment
развлечение
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