Transfer of technologies

‚ The common buisness approach. The described method can be named as the gener­alized expense approach, because besides the cost of technology (the costs of its development, more precisely) ineffectual researches are taken into account.

There are three basic forms of t. sale:

1) direct technology sale;

2) sale throughba daughter's firm;

3) sale through a joint venture.

1-st ch. is the most widespread and popular.

3.Every distribution of new technique and technology is a t. trasfer.

The transfer of technologies is a motion of technologies with the use of some informative channals from one its collective transmitter to other. Transfer of technologies is the important method of realization of innovative process, instrument of commercialization of technologies.

Forms of transmission of technologies:

- commercial (retribution): license agreements, non-license forms of transfer technology and co-operation agreements;

- noncommercial (gratuitous): publications, lectures on coferences,, displays on exhibi­tions, internships.

Transfer is a complex structure and consists of three components:

- financial elements (materials, machines);

- informative elements (knowledge of processes, individual and collective experience);

- organizational elements (organization of production, workplaces, rhythm, synchroniza­tion or co-ordination of tasks or functions).

The most widespread organizational forms of t.t. abroad are:

- international licenses;

- international franchise (purchase of the prepared business, right on the own business on a sale products which is made by other firms);

- joint enterpprises;

- technological alliances (inter-firmes co-operation the main feature of which is organiza­tion of enterprise round the management of t.).