Aapaype pooca - , ooa cooo pya. Ocoeoc Opaa Yco pya Paox Aapaypx po...
Ocoeoc opaa yco pya paox aapaypx poocax. Aapaype poecc ocyecc ceax aapaax (eax, peaopax, ao-aax, aax . .) ye oec a pee pya eoo, xeco epeco epe. B oe o exaecx poecco, p oopx ec paep, opa e peea pya, aapaypx poeccax oyaec poy, oac o cp o xecoy cocay apeaoy coco.
B acoc o pea pao exooecoo oopyoa o pee aapaype poecc paec a cpee epepe.
ucpeme poecc ocyecc pepo paoax aapaax. apya cp pya ooo aoo aapaa poy pooc o pe eo ocao. ee oppoa pya e a a cpex aapaypx poecco. epe xapaepyc ooceo eoo eoc oepa (o eco cey o 1 ). Aapa ocyac ae cero o oco pao, paoee eco orpaeo cpaeo eouo oa. pepo ax poecco ec rooee e acacc a peccax ex aax. B epaype poecc aa oo ec poecca c eoo eoc oepa. cpee aapaype poecc opoo a xapaepyc oo eoc exooecx oepa (opa ecox aco). Tpyoe pe o ee poecca oc ec a p ocaoe aapao, a o pe x pao. Kaa exooeca aa poecca oec, a pao, prao paox. p o oeco paox, ax a pax aax, oe cyeceo oeac. Haoee oeco paox ao . ecoe oopyoae x poocax aae aey oa, o opeee oy oy paoero eca.
Henpepe aapaype poecc ocyecc epepo paoax aapaax eee eoo epoa pee (oy pooac ee, eca). arpya cp pya ooo poy e pepa yy aapae pea. Bce apa pee, cae c eee epepx poecco, epepac aapayp . K a poecca oocc, apep, apa cea pooce epoa.
Poc ypo aoaa aapaypx poecco ee coepae pya paox. x oco y caoc aee a apaepa exooecoo poecca, peypoae, oop po aopaopx aao, oee eoxox paceo. B aapaypx poocax ocoe peoa pec aeoc ypae exooec . Heoxooc cpoo eaeca xo pea p ooex apaepo cyae oe pee eae py paox aapaypx poeccax ape. p o apeoc pya caa c yeee e eco apy, a, a pao, yceo, oycoeo eoxooc occe ox exooecx cya, p pee aco paae cpo.
Beee eoopx aapaypx poecco cao co pooac eeca, c ocyae aapao, paoax o o aee, p cox eepaypax. ooy ecoepeeoe eaeco p apye opaoo xoa poecca oe pe cyae coa ypoy paoax.
ae ocoeoc yco pya paox aapaypx poeccax o yac p oppoa apa pee ceoc epcoaa.
Hoppoae pya poocax c eoo eoc oepa cao pee ceo c ycaoee oeca aapao, ocyaex o pao pao, op pee, cooecyx opa ocya. B c c eoa oppoa pya ocox epax e oaec o oeo e eo oppoa- oocaox pao.
p ope eoa ycaoe op pya o y . Ec aapaypo-coooe pe pe aoc paox a oo aapae ory cac paec oco ea, o opa ocya oe ycaoea cxo ee peapeoo ae, opeeeoo o opye:
e t aapaypo-coooe pe; t pe aoc paoeo a oo aapae.
yx apao, oyaex opyee e y ey copo, paec oa o eoe, oeo 11.1.
B poocex cceax, e xapaepc cce ocya oopyoa e cyecee oea, apep p ocya ex a pecco cecap, epa, paa . ., op pya ceye ycaaa a ocoe eop accooo ocya. p o paecx paceax o cooac a (c 9.4).
Hoppoae pya aapaypx poocax c oo eoc oepa. Oe yca poy x poeccax eocpeceo ac o eoc exooecoo a, ooy opaee o eoxooy pooceoy peyay oo pa a:
e T (X) eoc exooecoro a acoc o op ceoc; T. eoc exooecoo a, p oopo ye oecee yc aaoo oea poy. o e opaee oe paeo cxo ca exooecx o, eoxox oecee yca aaoo oea poy a cex aapaax aoo yaca (exa):
r n eoxooe oeco exooecx o, oeceaee yc aaoo oea poy co cex aapao a ao epo.
Ta a yc ooo aoo aapaa poy c ooo aapaa a o exooec oo ca paec ocoo eo, o oeco o, eoxox oecee yca aaoro oea poy, oe opeeeo o opye:
e q oeco poy, oyaeo c ooo aapaa a o exooec .
Ta opao, aaa ycaoe op ceoc epoecx aapaypx poeccax c oo pooeoc epoa oe copypoaa ceye e: a ay opy ceoc, p oopo ye oecee yc aaoo oea poy aae cpo, apya aoo paoeo, eyeo exooec poecc, e pec oyco e, a apa a coepae paox yy a.
Oa apa op ceoc paccapaex poocax ycaaaec a ocoe ocpoe paa pao aapao paox.
B epepx aapaypx poeccax aooe aae o ycy poy ye oeo p coe op exooecoro pea, . e. oa peaepyee apaep exooecoo poecca yy axoc oycx peeax. p pox pax ycox aeoc poecca pace c yeee ceoc aapao.
p oa op ceoc epepx poocax o coac opae o oycoy pee perypoa apaepo exooecoro poecca. opae opee yco, p oopx ocrac eoxo oe aeco poy.
Bop oao op ceoc epepx poeccax cooec c ycaoe opae (c. 9.4) pep oaoc ocyecec a ocoe pacea apy paox oee ocox ooex y. aep oe ocox y eocpeceo a oe yca poy ee ae-co, a pe cyae apyee exoecoo peaea -a ecoepeeoc oe ocox y oe pec coa aapx cya. ooee y oy oe epo, oa paoe coo o ocox y, .e. cpo oe ooex y cpoo e peaepoa. o oocc a paoa, a yopa paoeo eca, pe cp, yaoox aepao a ceyy cey, aoee aoo-yeo oyea . .
Ocoe y paox a a a oepa: peaepoae epeaepoae. K peaemupoa oocc pyoe oepa, aao ooae oopx apaee opeee peaeo exooecoo poecca, apep apya cp aapa, oop po, x aa, ac exooecx apaepo ypa . . K epeaemupoa oocc pyoe oepa, oycoee cya ooe o opaoo pea poea exooecoo poecca. Tae oepa peca oo ao, cyax cyae oe pee. epooc pooeoc epeaepoax oepa apaee eec. aepa oe epeaepoax oepa, a e a peraepoax, e a oe ycaeo poy, ee aeco oe pec aapo cya.
eee pyox oepa a peaepoae, epeaepoae ooee ooe oee oo ycao ec oe pyox oepa, oop o-e oe pao oecee opaoro xoa exooecoro poecca.
B cooec c pa a y paox, eyx epep aapayp poecc, opa x ceoc H oa yoeop coooe:
e pacea ceoc paox, ax oee cex o pyox oepa o ee exooecoo poecca eee ce; , pacea cpe ceoc paox, ax oee cooeceo peaepoax epeaepoax oepa eee ce; pacea cpe ceoc paox, ax oee ooex y ee .
Bea opeeec o opye:
e pe oe cex peaepoax pyox oepa eee ce.
opeee aoc paox oee epeaepoax oepa eoxoo ycao cpeee oeco ao a ocyae (λ), ocyax ey pee, cpeee oeco ao, oope oy oe ey pee o pao (), ceoc paox, ocoo ax oee epeaepoax oepa, oe opeeea coooe:
Ta a ooe aep oe epeaepoax oepa oy oe a coo coae aapx cya, yeuee oea yca poy, yxyee e aeca, epepacxo cp, o pa ceoc paox, eoxox oe epeaepoax oepa, oa oocoaa cooec c opae o oyco pee oa ocya W.
Cpeee pe oa ocya ocye a aoo apaa po ceoc oe opeeeo o oopae (pc. 11.2.1) acoc o ceoc paox, eoxox oe epeaepoax oepa, cpeeo oea aoc paox oee ax oepa (φ). Hoopaa paccaa a ocoe eop accooo ocya.
Hapep, p λ = 3 peoa/ = 2 peoa/, =3:2=1,5. B ao cyae pa ceoc M e oe eue yx eoe. Toa M = 2; φ =/ = 1,5/2 = 0,75 W = 1,5 (o oopae). Oca (ya, o = 2) W = 1,5 : 2 = 0,75 .
oyeoe cpeee pe oa ocya ocye a p ao ceoc M poepec o oycoy pee oa. Ec Wg = 0,2 , o aoe opaee e ec. o ye pe oa oe ocye a a ocyae, eoxoo ye ceoc paox, ocyax exooec poecc, opee ooe aee cpeeo pee oa o oopae. B ao pepe p M = 3 φ= 1,5/3 = 0,5, W = 0,18, W = 0,18 : 2 = 0,09.
Ceoaeo, o cyae opaee o oycoy pee oa oec (W < 0,2), o oeceae eoxoy aeoc exoorecoo poecca.
Cpeee oeco paox, ax eee ce oee ooex y, oe pacca
e T pe oe ooex y e . Ta opao, cxo aoc paox oee cex o pyox oepa eee ce, eoxox oecee opaoo xoa exooecoo poecca, oe ycaoea oa ceoc paox, ocyax ay exooecy ca, oeee.
poepa opae o acao oycoy epoy pee oa apaepo, xo oopx oycx peeo oe pec coa aapx cya, ocyecec p ycaoe ooaeo ceoc paox c yeo ocoeoce exoorecoro poecca, opraa pya a opeo yace, pacooe oopyoa, opoo-epex popo, cpec craa . .
:
aa 1. pee eooo ypca
1.1. o "py" "opeco"
o opeee A. Mapaa, py o "coe yceoe ecoe yce, pepaeoe aco e
Oa xapaepca eeoc o ypae eoeec pecypca ooecx cce
c aoee e pecypco cpa pep. ooy ocoo ypae o ooeco cceo oo ypaee eoeec pecypca. Eo coepae opeeec c
Cpyypa ay o pye epcoae. x aoc c py aya
Opeeee peea o ay cea ye eo, o oo opee oo eo coppoaeec, aoeoe, . e. o, o ayo e oe. ooy aece opaa ope
Meooo oecoo cceoa ooecx coax poe pya
eeoc oca poec ooopa o, , . o oceeo pee o yac aeo epe poao pa aya:
oe aeca
o aecmo uu oo oa yco eoeecoro cyecoa: oeceeoc aepa ara (a, oea, e), eoacoc, ocyoc eco oo, oooc
e eeoc eoea
Cyecye aerop pocx o ope opoco, a oope pyo a yeee cex oe. K cy ax opoco oocc opoc o cce .
Ka eoe a ae a
aa poecco pa a
Pae a xapaepyec ee aococo eoea, pooceo, coao, eeyao yxoo cepax, a ae ppoo cpee o e eoeeco
Taua 2.3.1
Bopoc: "Hacoo Bac ecoo ceye poe:" (% o ca opoex)
poe
o
o pecae o oaaex aeca
Xo oe aeca cao pec ayo epaype c 70-x oo XX ., poe, cae c coepae oo o, ocyac a poe . B peoc cpeee
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. o ec aoo p opeee aeca ?
2. Haoe ocoe e eeoc eoea.
3. Kao ocoe pecae o ppoe eoea?
4. poaa
Cpyypa opeoce eoea
Ocoe poe aaa opeoce coco ycaoe x cocaa, epapx, pa, ypoe oooce yoeope. poe eco aoca. B acoc, a ye oaao
Tpyoo oea
3.2.1. o "paoa ca", "eoeec aa", "pyoo oea"
Tpaoo ooeco ay ec poea xa
opoe
Bcepa opaa paooxpae (BO) opeee opoe a "cocoe ooo ecoo coaoo aooy. aooye o aecoe cocoe ya, xapaepyeec
Hpacmeocm.
Baoc ecx ooecx poe ep epoeco aye paccpe . Co ocoe e o o paoe "Hoaxoa a". B e oepa
Topecu nomeua
B oe XX . opeca eeoc caoc aoee ae aopo ooecoo pa. o poec pax opax. Bo cex pax cpaax cyeceo poca o ,
Amuocm
Topec oea eoea opeee eo cocooc eepa ox e opao. o peaoa o oea, . e. coa poee ay, cycca, a oee coaee,
Opauoaocm
Baee xapaepco opaoaoc ec paoaoe cooae pee. Aop "pe e" copypoa ea pa (17061790), ec a pee cero
Opaoaue
A. Mapa oepa, o apa a opaoae o yee oeee aaa ce oeca. B pax cpaax eoopao yoac pace, oopx ceye, o apa
poeccuou
poe aa paoo oocc ae ooea pyooo . Bo cex pax cpaax cyeceo poc ye ec apoax paox peo yaa o ax
Pecypc paoeo peu
Pecypc paoeo pee oe cyae opeec y aopa: ceoc paoo peee pao.
ceoc ax a pep opeeec oeco
peoc peaa oeaa eoea
Ocoo oeaa eoea c aeca, aoee ppoo. o oocc pee ceo opo (ecoy cxecoy), opec cocooc o eoopo cee paceo
ccee aopo aeca
p aaa aeca paccope . 2. Coca cooecyx oaaee opeeec oee e aaa. Oa oea aeca oo pooc o cey a
opeoc oea eoea poo ooe
B paoo cxee ooecoo pyrooopoa paccapa aoc oax xoc pep c pa pecypco ooecx a (oapo ycy). poecc oea ey oa
ompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. poaapye cyecye cxe aca ope.
2. Ka ac epapx opeoce o ee eoea?
3. Moo ca ce opeoc epa?
Tpyoo oea ccee ooecx pecypco
po e epe a ooecx pecypco: e, mpy, anuma npenpuuamecue cnocoocmu. pecypco ora aa ae apa pooca.
T
Kooe eeoc eoea
B o e eeoc eoea oo e e ooe. epa xapaepye py, oe o aao exoo, cpy cxee, oa coe pao e oc ee a
(1987 .)
(.. 1-5 ): Maoe K. P., p C. . C.112,
,
cmouu: paa 2 a. 4.3.1. p. 4 6 c.: eoe py. 1992.
Teopea o peaeoc ooe pya
p aae a poecco pa a (c. a. 2.3) o oaao, o cpeerooe apa pya ooro paoaeo pax cpa a epo 18501990 . copac e eee e
Koe eoc pya
eeoc, coepaa ee o, paoaa opeca, aeo eee poca arococo apoa, e co coec py o aao exoo. B c c
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. poaapye cxe acca ooecx pecypco. Ka x yac ooe pyooo oeaa?
2. Haoe pa ά-pya.
3. Haoe pa β
Cpyypa cce oa
Peya ooeco eeoc ac o exc pecypco eoc x cooa, oopa o oro opeeec ooee e pyy, opa eoa oa.
Mo eeoc eoea
cmpymypa xapaepye coooee oo, opeex oeee eoea. o coooee oppyec o e a eeecx aopo, a cpe, oopo eoe
, %
o epe
Taua 5.2.3
Opepooe ae ap "ecpeca" Pocc 90-x oo
e
Cpeca
e,
Teop oa
B acoee pe po paa e py eop oa: coepamee npoeccyae. epe oca a aae opeoce eoea; ope a oee cya, o
Moa c ypae
Moa ocyecec aeo epe epe c pae, oope ea cooecyx eop (oe). Mapeop ee e ocoe eop ypae: X Y [C, C. 308].
paa cxea cypoa eo pooceo eeoc
aepecoaoc pep oe eoc pooca eae cpyyp ooecx cce. B ao x ec e ac: ynpaa ynpaea. y
B pa paee pya
ooece cce ocoa a paee pya, . e. a ooceo papae o . B o o ope paeee pya cyecye a cex ypox: o pooo xoca
pooce, exooec pyoo poecc
pouocme, aaec poecc pepae cxox aepao ooy poy. Oo paa ocoe poocee poecc, aaee oopx ec y
Kacca exoorecx poecco
pa acca
Kacc poecco
co ep ocyece poecco
Ae, acce
co pya aac xapaepc pooceoo npoecca npooceo cpe, oecye a copya pep.
Xapaepc pooceoo poecca opeec pee oopyoae, peea poya pya, exooe, cceo ocya paox ec.
poocea cpea
Cpyypa pooceo oepa
Oco eeo cce ypae epcoao ec paoee eco. Moo e e py aa, oopx peyec opeeee oo o. epy coca exooece, opaa
Kacca apa paoeo pee
pooce poecc oo paccapa a poecc yee apa pee a ooey . B c c ep opoc, oop oae p opaa pya, coco
Ccea op opao pya
aee op cypoa eo pooceo eeoc eae oro, o o c ocoo ycaoe oea pecypco (oeca cao, ceoc paox, aaco a
Cpyypa aa oa pyox poecco op pya
Oepao, o poe opaa pya cooecye op o pac c yeo oeca execx, ooecx, cxoooecx coax . o oceeo pe
co oce pao apeoc op
o eoo oppoa oaec cooyoc peo ycaoe op pya, ax: aa pyooo poecca; poepoae paoao exoo opaa pya; pace op. B
Ocoe nomu
B paee pya.
pa paee pya.
Kooepa pya. B pa.
.
.
Paoee .
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. Ka oppyc poeccoao-aaoe py a ocoe o paee pya?
2. B e cyoc pa paee pya? Oce p x .
3. Hao
pyox poecco apa paoeo pee
oco aa, cax c poepoae opaa pya eo oppoae, peaec cxo opa, oyaeo peyae cceoa pyox poecco.
cceo
Xpooepa
opo . orooa xpooepay oo ae op oeo ae, paceee oepa a ee, ycaoee cax oe, opeeee ca ae
p poee aepo eoc eeo oepa aae o
oopa paoeo pee
Oco aa oopa paoeo pee c: oooa, poeee, opaoa peyao ae, x aa papaoa epop o yye cooa paoeo pee.
Coa apa paoeo pee
ec
B pao apa pee
oope-oc a cey
poo-eoc,
B o c-
oex ae
p PB eoo oex ae cpyypa apa paoeo pee ycaaaec a ocoe oeca oeo (cyae), cooecyx aae coco paox oopyoa. Be
Ocoe nomu
Xpooepa.
oopa paoeo pee (PB).
ooxpooepa.
Hepep xpooepa.
Bopo xpooepa.
oo xpooepa.
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. ae oac pee xpooepaa PB.
2. B e cyoc oa oeca aepo p xpooepae?
3. Ka opeeec ycooc xpoopa?
4. B e
Cpyypa opao
poocee poecc cyeceo paac o xapaepca rooex e, pee aepaa, oopyoa, exoo, acaa yca poy, cee ee ocoeoc, yc
Tpeoa opaa ocoe a x papao
Oocoae opao, a op, oo ocyecc c yeo oeca execx, ooecx, cxoooecx coax aopo. Cyoc aoo oocoa coco pee ceo
Meo ycaoe opax acoce
caoee acoc e eoxox apa pya o x a x aopo p oax apaax exooecoo pyooo poecco ec oco papaoe opao.
Kopoe opoc u me ucceoau
1. Haoe yco, oeceae eco .
2. ae oac pee epepoax ypye .
3. Haoe peoa opa aepaa
poepoa pyox poecco
B paee 6.5 a paccopea ccea op pya, oeo eoxox eo opraa pooca. B acoee pe aoee paecoe aee e op, peaepye
poepoae pyox peo
Heoxooc opa oax peo pya oeo oycoea e, o o e e ee oepa oy oc pa cocoa, aoy oopx cooecy pae a
pae cxe opeee ceoc epcoaa
Mo e p ocox oxoa opeee ceoc epcoaa:
1) apacc;
2) cepo-cacec;
3) aaec-opa.
Mapua
Cpyypa aa oa op ocya ceoc
B cooec c oo cpyypo aa oa op pya p ocaoe aa pacea oax op ocya ceoc eoxoo opee:
oeco opyex a
Oa aaa oa paee pya ceoc epcoaa
ocao aa oa paee pya eoxoo ya xapaep aoec pax py paox. C x o ce pao, oex a yace ( exe), oo pae
Meo oa paee pya ceoc epcoaa poocex cceax
paceo a ocoe oee, peex paeax 9.3 9.4, eoxoo opee xapaepc cooa oopyoa A(X), K(X) aoc paox K
ece poecc
Oco ycoe opaa ecoo ocya ec ocaoa caoc apaepo oocaoo . B epy oepe o oocc aoc ae coooo ao
Heece poecc
p eecx poeccax oopyoae ocyaec o epe eo ocao, e coe ooo oo e opa oxoa cao. Taoe ocyae xapaepo oocaoo ex cya
Mooae cce (eoa oa paee pya o ocya oopyoa)
poe oa paee pya oa ocoo p oe poyox pao (c. pa. 9.5). p oe paceo o pee e oe paccop a pepe oa
Ocoe nomu
Cpyypa op .
oceoaeoc poepoa pyox poecco pacea op pya.
Oa pe pya.
Cxe aoec eeo pooca.
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoa
1. oey op eoc pyoeoc oepa ao opee oce oa op ocya ceoc?
2. Ka yac oppoae epep paoe oopyoa p
p oppoa oxoo poo ooe
Bo ce oao pe ocoo pacpeee oeceoo oaca caec npuun pacnpeeeu no mpyy, oop ece, o pae epe, c ecx pee. Ee Aoco ae
Cacec aa pacpeee oxoo
B poo ooe oco coa x oxoo c:
1) pyoa eeoc epcoaa, paoaeo o ay, coox poecc;
2) pepaeca e
aua10.2.1
aa cpyyp x oxoo Pocc 90-x oo ( %)
Caraee oo oxoa
o
&n
Coooee ypoe apaoo a opacx oo Ca-eepypa (1997 .)
Opac
apaoa aa, % cpeey ypo
poeoc
Cecoe
Cpyypa oxoa copya pep
Cpyypa oxoa copya pep pecaea a pc. 10.3.1. Ocoo ac oxoa aeoo epcoaa pep ec apaoa aa, oopa ae:
1) apy ac
a ypoe aoc paoo eee cc
K
K
0,95
0,9
0,85
op cce apaoo a
cxo cpyyp oxoa copya pep, paccopeo paee 10.3, oy pa op cce apaoo a, cooecye yco o .
apoae oo oa pya
B oeeceo apyeo ooeco epaype oeaac eoxooc ee yx cocax apaoa. epa x cooecye opaoy po pooeoc (peya
Ocoe nomu
p pacpeee.
oxo o pya.
oxo o coceoc.
Coae a (pacep).
Cacece xapaepc pacpeee .
Kopoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. B e cyoc pacpeee o pyy?
2. B ax cyax oeo ooo pacpeeee o apaa pya o peya pya?
3. B e cyoc pacpeee o pee
Moocaooe ocyae
p opaa oocaooo ocya eoxoo peee pex ocox aa:
1. Ha oae op ocya ceoc c yeo aoec ey oepaopa-ooc
Aoapoae pooca
e poocee cce (C). Ocoe ocoeoc opaa pya C coco .
1 Pao C eocpeceo e yacy oec a
Cce ocya oopyoa paox ec
Ocoeoc pya ocyax paox. B o paee paccapac eo opaa oppoa pao (oex a ocox a o cooaeo exax), oop
npaee pooco
poea opaa oa ypaeecoo pya oceo opooe oeco ya oeeceo apyeo epaype. poe ocyac ae o ox yeax yex
Ocoe nomu
oocaooo ocya.
Hopa eoc oepa p oocaoo ocya.
oa a ypoe aoc orocaoa.
cpee epepe a
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. B e ocoeoc opeee op eoc pyooc p oocaoo ocya?
2. Kao ocoeoc oa pya oocaoo?
3. B e ocoeoc opa
Ocoeoc yaeax cceoa
p ocoeoce, oope aoee xapaep yaeax cceoa. o opeeec cey oco pa.
1.
Ocoe op oa pya aye
Moo e e ocoe op oa yex: o ayo peyaoc; o ayoy caycy.
Haye peymam oeac a ocoe ya (cae, , oao),
Cxe ceeo oep yex Pocc
Ceea oepa yex ocyecec a cex aax oppoa yopoa ayx oeo.
p oope yco yo aye opaa oy cooac ca
papao paacoo aae cpec eepaoo ea o apae
Hapae
Pacpeeee accraoa, % o oa
&nb
Meo oe peyaoc pya yex
Oee peyaoc yex ocea opa epaypa, oopa poaapoaa eca coepaeo paoe . . Taapoa. B e coepeo pao oepaec (ce a H. xee
poeyp cep, pecpa ya ayx peyao
poeypa cep, pecpa ya ayx peyao oa yoeop cey oco peoa:
1. Ka ay peya, pa ay cooee (HC)
Oocoae o yex cooec co ceo ayo pao
O apae ocyapceoo acpoa ay ec ycaoee o yex cooec c ocoeoc ayo pao. eoe, pa y cceoae, pae e
Opaa ceeo oep yex peoax ayo-cceoaecx opaax
Ceea oepa yex peroax oa ocoac a ccee pecpa ayx peyao, paccopeo paee 12.4.
p opaa ceeo oep yex peoa
aa 13. Coao-pyoe ooe
13.1. Oa xapaepca coao-pyox ooe1
1 p oroe aoo paea cooa aepa P, . Koocoo [oo
poea oye
Omyeue o opa ooe pyy, xapaepyac acpoe eccceoc, ecoooc, ocpaeoc [Ceep. C. 506].
eccceocm pya oyaec
Teopeece oco peoc coaoro apepca
Coaoe apepco o eoo, op eo coacoa apepo coax py oecee x ocpyoo aoec. cooc oe-ceo cce eoc
poe eaoo oee a pepx
Oa aoee erax ee pa a coco ocoo poe pecyoc o cex cpaax, ocoeo pax ocyapcax c epexoo ooo. B ae ro e
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. o xapaepy coao-pyoe ooe?
2. Haoe cye coao-pyox ooe.
3. Ko oe paooaee?
4. B e o aepaa o a
Cpyypa cce ypae eoeec pecypca
paee eoeec pecypca ocyecec a pax ypox: o pooo cooeca o opaee pep.
Haoee oe peoea o ypae pyoo eeoc
Ocoe xapaepc pa pya
Teop poo oo paccapae po pya ccee po ooecx pecypco (aopo). Bece c e ao ya, o py oaae cyece o o pyx ooec
paee aoc
Ocoa e cce ypae aoc coco cypoa cpoca a paoy cy pe cpyyp peoe pya cpyype cpoca a py. paec o oaae papao
poyoc apaoo a a pep
Te poca apaoo a aococo opao yopye ooe cooecy ea poca poyoc pya. a ocee 100 e cpeeooo e ppoca poyoc
B opaaox peopaoa
Copeeoe pooco oaec coo aoc, oopa oycoea exec popecco, pae ay, oocpec oypee, oec coa
eoeec pecypca pep
paccopeoo e (c. pa. 14.114.3) ceye eoxooc paax epee ypae eoeec pecypca pep Pocc.
B ooueco acneme
Ocoe nomu
Cpyypa pa pya.
Cpoc a py.
peoee pya.
ep op p pya.
Aa acca o a pe pya.
.
opoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. Kao y opao ypae eoeec pecypca?
2. o opee eepae opacee coae o pyy?
3. Ka oppyec cpoc a py?
4.
epaypa
Amooo . C. Moy eoea ooeco aye. C.: ooeca oa, 1998.
Apexm . Be ., uc T. . y cea a ee copo eca.
ooa cooor pya
e yo
e 064250 o 6 op 1995 . e 070824 o 21 ap 1993 . ocao ea 07.07.98. opa 60x90/16. c. e. . 24,0. Tpa 50 000 . (2- ao
