Challenge Materials

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Occlusive consonants
stops / plosives [p, b; t, d; k, g] Occlusive consonants are pronounced with a complete obstruction to the air stream; they are also called stops because

Challenge Materials
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter

Production
1. Narrow the tongue and place it against your upper gum ridge. Make sure the sides of the tongue touch the sides of the upper molars. Lower your jaw slightly, keeping your teeth apart. 2.

Challenge Materials
Three twigs twined tightly. Tim, the thin twin tinsmith.   Toy boat. Toy boat. Toy boat.   A tree toad loved a she-toad Who lived up

Production
1. Narrow the tongue and place it against your upper gum ridge. Make sure the sides of the tongue touch the sides of the upper molars. Lower your jaw slightly, keeping your teeth apart. 2.

Challenge Materials
Don't pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps.   A dozen double damask dinner napkins.   Draw drowsy ducks and drakes.  

Challenge Materials
Knapsack straps.   Kris Kringle carefully crunched on candy canes.   If you can't can any candy can, how many candy cans can a candy canner can if he c

Challenge Materials
Gertie's great-grandma grew aghast at Gertie's grammar.   Girl gargoyle, guy gargoyle.   Give me the gift of a griptop sock: a drip-drape, ship-shape,

Occlusive consonants
affricates [tʃ, dʒ] There are only 2 affricates in English: [tʃ, dʒ]. They are affricates because they are articulated by stopping the flow and then re

Challenge Materials
Chester Cheetah chews a chunk of cheep cheddar cheese.   Out in the pasture the nature watcher watches the catcher. While the catcher watches the pitcher who pitches the ball

Constrictive consonants
fricatives [f, v; θ, ð; s, z; ʃ, ʒ; h] Constrictive consonants are pronounced with an incomplete obstruction to the air stream, when the air pass

Challenge Materials
Four furious friends fought for the phone. Five frantic frogs fled from fifty fierce fishes.   Love's a feeling you feel when you feel you're going to feel the feeling you've

Production
1. Place your tongue in the position to sat [t], but don’t say it. 2. Drop the tip of your tongue down and slightly back, but keep the sides lightly pressed against the middle and back upp

Challenge Materials
I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop. Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits.   She saw Sherif's shoes on the sofa. But was she so sure she saw Sherif's

Challenge Materials
Denise sees the fleece, Denise sees the fleas. At least Denise could sneeze and feed and freeze the fleas.   Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear, Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair, Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn

Description
[θ] is voiceless, strong (fortis), constrictive fricative, forelingual, interdental (articulated by the blade of the tongue against the upper incisors. It is a fricative because you produce it

Challenge Materials
Here’s a health to all those that we love. Here’s a health to all those who love us. Here’s a health to all those that love them That love those that love us. (a toast)  

Challenge Materials
Whether the weather is fine or whether the weather is not, Whether the weather is cold or whether the weather is hot. We'll weather the weather whatever the weather, Whether we like

Production
1. Open your mouth slightly so that your teeth are apart and your lips are separated. 2. Round your tongue slightly, and raise the sides of your tongue so that they are against the upper m

Challenge Materials
There was a fisherman named Fisher who fished for some fish in a fissure. Till a fish with a grin, pulled the fisherman in. Now they're fishing the fissure for Fisher.   I wi

Challenge Materials
Casual clothes are provisional for leisurely trips across Asia .   Eat with pleasure, drink in measure.   The passengers of the jet-engine airplane fly

Challenge Materials
In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire hurricanes hardly ever happen.   John, where Peter had had "had had", had had "had"; "had had" had had his m

English Sonorants
[m, n, ŋ, l, w, j, r] Sonorants are sounds pronounced with tone prevailing over noise; the air passage is rather wide when they are produced. When producing so

Challenge Materials
Don't spring on the inner-spring this spring or there will be an offspring next spring.   Mrs King is bringing something pink for Mr King to drink. The king would si

Challenge Materials
What, when, where and why are the words we require quite often when we want to ask questions.   Which is the witch that wished the wicked wish?   Willi

Production
1. Place the tip of your tongue against your upper gum ridge. 2. Open your mouth wide enough to slip the tip of your finger between your lips. 3. Keep the sides of the tongue down

Challenge Materials
Luke's duck likes lakes. Luke Luck licks lakes. Luke's duck licks lakes. Duck takes licks in lakes Luke Luck likes. Luke Luck takes licks in lakes duck likes.   Yally Bally h

Challenge Materials
Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins.   Round and round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran. Rory the warrior and Roger the worrier were reared wrongly in a ru

Strong and weak forms
  In English there are certain words which have two forms of pronunciation: strong and weak (full and reduced) forms. These words include form-words and the following pronouns: person

Joining sounds in connected speech.
When phonemes are joined together within single words and at the junction of words in phrases and sentences, they have a tendency to react one upon the other in such a way that the articulation of

S] / [z] sounds in plurals, 3d person singular, possessive case
· the sound in the flection is assimilated under the influence of a vowel or voiced consonant, thus becomes [z] · the sound in the flection is assimilated under the influence of an unvoice

Linking sounds.
The ability to speak English smoothly depends on linking, connecting sounds of the final sound of one word to the initial sound of the next. The amount of linking that occurs is not entirely predic

Stress Word stress
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word. It comprises five features: It is l-o-n-g-e-r – com-p-u-ter It is LOUDER -

Stress Word stress
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word. It comprises five features: It is l-o-n-g-e-r – com-p-u-ter It is LOUDER -

Sentence stress
In any phrase or sentence of more than one word, some of the words are more prominent than the others. They are heard to stand out from the others. These words that stand out are stressed; whereas

Intonation in statements.
1. Statements are most widely used with the falling tone, which expresses finality, completeness, and definiteness. It’s ֽdifficult. I `wanted to `go there imֽm

Intonation in special / wh-questions.
1. Questions beginning with what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why and how often have a falling tone on an important word (often near the end of the question).  

Intonation in yes/no (general questions) questions.
1. General questions are most common with the Low Rise tone preceded by the Falling head, which expresses genuine interest. Is anyone `absent to ֽday? Have you been `study

Intonation in a list, enumeration.
Enumeration in simple sentences is represented by a number of homogeneous parts. Each of them is pronounced as a separate intonation group. Low Rise is usually used in the non final intona

Intonation in a surprise
Intonation in surprise depends on its degree: from mild surprise to astonishment. 1. High Fall expresses mild / affronted surprise, e.g.: Look! It’s `stopped `raining! Oh `yes, so

Intonation in exclamations
1. Exclamations are very common with High Fall, in this case it is very emphatic and emotional, e.g: `Good `evening! `Good `morning! How `late you `are! Mag`nifi

Intonation in commands
1. Low Fall tone in commands sounds very powerful, intense, serious and strong. The speaker takes it for granted that he will be obeyed, e.g.: Try the other key. Come and have din

Intonation in if-sentences
If-sentences, as well as all compound sentences, contain the principle clause and a subordinate one. If the principle clause implies continuation, or each of the clauses is semantically in

Intonation in Requests.
1. Low Rise tone preceded by the Falling Head is used in requests when the speaker wants to sound soothing, encouraging, calm, patronizing, e.g.: Don't move. Come and stay with us

Poem of English Pronunciation
Dearest creature in creation, Study English pronunciation. I will teach you in my verse Sounds like corpse, corps, horse, and worse. I will keep you, Suzy, bu

Tough Stuff
Blood and flood are not like food, Nor is mould like should and would, River, rival, tomb, bomb, comb, Doll and roll and some and home.   Stranger

Термінологічній словник
Adjacent sounds are sounds that follow each other.   Affricates are consonants that begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as

Sound is a material unit produced by speech organs.
Stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The term plosive is reserv