Exercise 3. In the following sentences insert commas where appropriate and comment on your choice.

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ББК 81.2 Англ – 9
    © Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна, 2012 © Рябих Л. М., Рябих М. В., 2012 © І. В. Тепляков, макет обкладинки, 201

ПЕРЕДМОВА
  Інтеграція української системи освіти у загальноєвропейську в межах Болонського процесу вимагає більш комплексного підходу до взаємопов’язаного і одночасного формування у студентів

THE COMMA
  1. We use a comma to separate adjectives which give both similar and different kinds of information in predicative position. (see grammar commentary) Many omit the

Exercise 1. Read the sentences and explain the use of punctuation marks.
1. Bill could not manage a job, a family (,) and college at the same time. 2. Singing, Jane went quickly through the apartment to fetch the books. 3. Fruits and vegetables sold in supermarkets some

Exercise 2. Translate into English and insert commas where appropriate.
1. Він був молодий, нетерплячий та невгамовний. 2. Це твоє захоплення вимагає постійно перебувати у поїздках, майже відмовитись від особистого життя та майже не мати коштів на існування. 3. Обов’яз

Exercise 4. Read the sentences and explain the use of punctuation marks.
1. It was a warm, windy day. 2. Susan left for home early but Jim stayed all evening. 3. Defeated, he decided to retire from politics. 4. Martin decided to find a remote place where he could think

Exercise 5. In the following letter insert commas where appropriate and comment on your choice.
Dear Mum and Dad ­ So my first week at university is over! No lectures this morning so I thought I’d drop you a line to let you know how things are going. I’m glad to say that eve

Exercise 6. Choose an appropriate sentence for each rule.
A. We use a comma to set off adverbial clauses. 1. Of course I’d like to help, but things are not so simple. B. When a direct quotation is punctu

THE COLON
    1. A colon introduces an enumeration. A

Exercise 1. Insert colons where appropriate and comment on their use.
1. Whether you are cultivating cabbages or grapes, care is needed to achieve a good harvest good grapes make good wine. 2. We went to the 7 30 showing at the theatre. 3. Payment may be made in any

Exercise 2. Comment on the use of colons.
1. At night the ground is cold: - 8 C. 2. It goes together easily with onion, potato, carrots and broth. 3. Try to get things into prospective: how serious is the argument? 4. If you want to improv

THE SEMICOLON
‘We saved your life. However, your colon is now a semicolon’

Exercise 1. Read quotations and comment on the use of punctuation marks.
1. "Never marry at all, Dorian. Men marry because they are tired; women, because they are curious: both are disappointed." (Oscar Wild Picture of Dorian Gray)

Exercise 2. Put colons and semicolons where appropriate (based on Jerome K. Jerome “Three men in a Boat”).
1. So I went straight up and saw him, and he said "Well, what's the matter with you?" 2. It is difficult enough to fix a tent in dry weather in wet, the task becomes herculean. 3. I used

THE PARENTHESES
1. Parentheses are used within sentences, around entire sentences, and even around entire paragraphs. Parentheses are used to enclose words, numbers, or clauses that provide examples

THE BRACKETS
1. Brackets are used to enclose explanations, corrections, or comments we wish to make in material we are quoting. From the very date the war began [June 22, 1941], t

Exercise 1. Comment on the use of brackets and parentheses.
1. The witness said: ‘He [the policeman] hit me.’2. The two teams in the finals of the first FIFA Football World Cup were both from South America [Uruguay and Argentina]. 3. Mount Everest (in the H

Exercise 2. Insert brackets and parentheses where appropriate.
1. He is the author of 14 novels and nine non-fiction books which might explain why he needed to slow down a little. 2. The problem is, we still want to go shopping, whether for summer basics sunta

Dashes are especially common in informal writing.
1. A dash is used to indicate an abrupt break in thought within a sentence. By breaking off at the dash, the writer of these sentences implies there is much more to be told. The re

Exercise 1. Comment on the use of dashes.
1. Button up your coat, Nina – it’s cold. 2. The view was spectacular – I’ll never forget it. 3. Watch your fingers – I’m closing the door. 4. Dave’s been working really hard – he needs a holiday.

Exercise 2. In the following sentences insert dashes where appropriate and comment on your choice.
1. Three dogs an Irish setter, a Russian wolfhound, and a German shepherd were the scourge of the neighborhood. 2. ‘Can I do anything for you?’ ‘No no, thanks.’ 3. It's nothing serious just a small

THE HYPHEN
1. The hyphen is used to indicate that a long word has been broken off

Exercise 1. In the following sentences find out words with a hyphen and translate them into Ukrainian.
1. I do mostly secretarial type work. 2. Chop potatoes into bite sized pieces. 3. The bicycle is an environment friendly form of transport. 4. Just mentioning his ex wife's name was like a red rag

Exercise 2. Make up sentences using the following phrases.
The need for low-cost housing; low-alcohol beer; a stress-free life; a fat-free yoghurt; an opportunity to buy duty-free goods; tax-free earnings; twenty-sixth birthday; people suffering from tobac

THE INVERTED COMMAS
1. Single inverted commas are more common in British English for quotes. The punctuation should be inside the inverted commas when the quotation forms a complete sentence.  

Exercise 1. Comment on the use of inverted commas.
1. The sign said, 'Ring for service'. 2. The sign said 'Back in 10 minutes'. 3. Margret Thatcher was a strong and determined leader who would not change her mind easily and would not accept disagre

THE EXLAMATION POINT
1. The exclamation mark (the exclamation point) is used at the end of a

Exercise 1. Insert punctuation marks where appropriate.
1. Keep your hands off me 2. He's a troublemaker Always was and always will be 3. Happy Thanksgiving everyone 4. Never was he as happy as that day 5. You really are something else 6. You've got to

Exercise 2. Match interjections (see grammar commentary) with their meaning.
A. Yuck (Yuk) 1. used when you think something is very impressive or surprising B. Wow 2. used to show that you think something is v

Exercise 3. Read and translate the following sentences.
1. Oh yuck! I hate mayonnaise. 2. Wow! Look at that! 3. Ah! There you are! 4. Phew! I’m so glad it’s Friday. 5. Aha! I knew you were trying to trick me! 6. Whoops! I nearly dropped it. 7. Ouch! Tha

THE FULL STOP
1. The full stop (the period) is used to mark the end of a sentence exp

Exercise 1. Insert full stops and comment on their use.
1. The Great Pyramid dates from around 2600 BC. 2. Can you lend me £1020 until tomorrow? 3. No 11 Downing Street is the official home of the British Chancellor of the Exchequer (the chief fin

THE QUESTION MARK
1. The question mark is used to end a direct question.

Exercise 1. Insert punctuation marks and comment on their use.
1. Do you have a clear picture in your mind of what you want 2. Can you find a home for the piano 3. How about a game of chess 4. Will you stay for a cup of tea 5. Would you like another cup 6. Wha

THE SLASH
1. The slash is used to separate alternatives. Each app

Exercise 1. Comment on the use of slashes.
1. The offer on the table is a 10% wage increase. 2. Cornish Rattler, £2.50/500ml, is a strong, cloudy apple cider. 3. Club members can stay from just £100 per night B&B (until 30/1

THE APOSTROPHE
1. The apostrophe is used to indicate the possessive case of nouns and

Exercise 1. Comment on the apostrophe use.
1. MTV’s core audience is 18 to 24 years old. 2. There's something in my eye. 3. The booklet lists the dos (do’s) and don'ts of caring for dogs. 4. The meeting is at 10 o'clock. 5. Vegetables are s

Exercise 2. Change to contracted forms.
1. We have been spending too much money. 2. We do not have much time left. 3. You had better phone to say you'll be late. 4. Yes, please, I would love a coffee. 5. I hope they will not be late. 6.

THE ELLIPSIS
1. The ellipsis (…) indicates the omission of one or more words within

Exercise1. Comment on the punctuation marks.
1. “To think you might have been…” Carlos didn’t finish his sentence. 2. Emotions – such as shame – are bodily preparations, physical things telling us to act – to flee, fight, laugh…

Exercise 1. Decide which punctuation mark matches each definition.
1. The mark that shows the end of a sentence or the short form of a word.   A) comma 2. The mark used in writing and printing to show a sh

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with terms connected with punctuation.
To form a contracted form of the verb "don't", use an _____. When giving a list of objects such as "hat, jacket, scarf and gloves", you need to separate each object by

Exercise 3. Comment on the use of punctuation marks.
  Jessica Parker doesn’t care about big New Year’s Eve

Music stars prepare for Jubilee concert
    Sir Elton John, Kylie Minogue and Sir Paul McCartney a

GRAMMAR COMMENTARY
Adverbial clauseis a clause which begins with a conjunction and makes

REFERENCES
  1. Ashley A. A Handbook of Commercial Correspondance / A. Ashley. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. – 297 p. 2. Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of C