ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß ÐÅÑÏÓÁËÈÊÈ ÁÅËÀÐÓÑÜ
Ëèíãâîãóìàíèòàðíûé êîëëåäæ Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ
«Ìèíñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò»
Ðàçäåë I. Ñåãìåíòíàÿ ôîíåòèêà.
Çâóêî-áóêâåííûå ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå.
Ìèíñê, 2007
Ñîäåðæàíèå
1. Ñëîã. Ïðèíöèïû ñëîãîäåëåíèÿ. 3
2. Îñíîâíîå è âòîðîñòåïåííîå çíà÷åíèå áóêâ. 8
3. ×òåíèå óäàðíûõ ãëàñíûõ â ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïàõ ñëîãîâ. 10
4. ×òåíèå óäàðíûõ ãëàñíûõ â çàêðûòîì ñëîãå. 20
5. ×òåíèå äâóõýëåìåíòíûõ ñî÷åòàíèé ãëàñíûõ. 24
6. ×òåíèå áåçóäàðíûõ ãëàñíûõ. 36
7. ×òåíèå ñîãëàñíûõ. 42
8. Ïðàâèëà ÷òåíèÿ ãëàñíûõ ñ ñîãëàñíûìè. 48
9. Ñî÷åòàíèÿ ñîãëàñíûõ. 51
Ñëîã. Ïðèíöèïû ñëîãîäåëåíèÿ.
Îñíîâíîå è âòîðîñòåïåííîå çíà÷åíèå áóêâ
×òåíèå óäàðíûõ ãëàñíûõ â ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïàõ ñëîãîâ
Ex. 4 Each word on the left rhymes with one word on the right. Match the words that rhyme and try to write a short poem using some of the rhyming words.
Brain, teeth, lost, foot, boast, suit, weight, slight, death, says, dull, phrase, war, full, chef, leaf, glued | Deaf, great, beef, breathe, skull, Les, reign, days, tossed, post, height, wreath, food, shoot, put, law, wool |
Ex. 5 Practice reading vowels in their short meanings:
Letter” A”
a) Read as quickly as possible:
A cat, a black cat, a black cat sat, a black cat sat on a mat, a black cat sat on a mat and ate. A black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.
b) Read the sentence:
There was a red van traveling West, and several cars and vans behind it. The van driver suddenly turned and crashed into the taxi. The taxi driver wasn’t badly hurt, but he was very angry.
c) Proverbs and idioms:
Flat as a pancake.
A hungry man is an angry man.
d) Rhymes and tongue-twisters:
Pat’s black cat is in Pat’s black hat.
Pussy-cat, pussy-cat
Can you catch that bad fat rat?
If you catch that bad fat rat,
You will have some milk for that.
Letter “E”
a) Hens, red hens, best red hens, ten best red hens, Ted sells ten best red hens. Every day Ted sells ten best red hens.
b) Only ten per cent of Kensington Express readers take regular exercise. Ten per cent felt that they were healthy or very healthy.
c) All’s well that ends well.
Better late than never.
d) Lesser leather never weathered wetter weather better.
Fred fed Ted bread and Ted led Fred bread .
Can you retell ten texts in twelve seconds?
letter “O”
a) Bob’s dog got a hot pot of porridge and some chops.
b) I’ve got a job in a sports shop at the moment.
c) Honesty is the best policy.
A proper cup of coffee from a proper copper coffee pot.
Ex. 6 Practice reading vowels in their long meanings:
Letter “E”
a) A man of words and not of deeds
Is like a garden full of weeds.
b) He speaks Chinese and Japanese with equal ease.
c) Easy come easy go.
Letters “I, Y”
a) As fit as a fiddle.
Which witch wished which wicked wish?
b) Needles and pins, needles and pins,
When a man marries, his trouble begins.
Letter “U”
a) A duck, an ugly duck, an ugly duck was in a cup, an ugly duck was in a funny cup, an ugly duck was in a funny cup on Sunday. An ugly duck was in a funny cup on a sunny Sunday.
b) Lucky in cards unlucky in love.
c) Mummies munch much mush.
Double bubble gum bubbles double bubbles.
Letter “A”
a) This amasing lake in Wales is a famous place for great races.
b) I can explain. The Daily Mail came late.
c) Make hay while the sun shines.
A stitch in time saves nine.
d) Rain, rain, go away,
Come again another day.
Billy, Billy, come and play
While the sun shines bright today.
Letters “I, Y”
a) Mike likes spicy pies with fried pike.
b) Hi, Mike! I’m busy typing. I have ninety-nine pages to type by Friday.
c) Out of sight out of mind.
Variety is a spice of life.
d) Why do you cry, Willy?
Why do you cry?
Why, Willy, why, Willy?
Why, Willy, why?
Letter “O”
a) The road below goes from Rome to the south coast. We are very close to our home.
b) Chip-chop, chip-chop,
Chipper-chopper Joe,
One big blow.
Oh! My toe!
Ex. 7 Put the words given below into a suitable column according to the rules of reading:
twilight, crying, Friday, magic, transport, limit, fiddle, panic, student, trying, bypass, never, uncle, letter, river, alphabet, timid, numeral, being, stupid, apricot, atomic, cinema, majority, better, hunting, visit, novel, palace, luggage, sentence, alcoholic, beginner, British, cucumber, famine, forever, Labrador, laser, microphone, noble, novel, poet, printer, puritan, puzzle, regular, Roman, secret, stupidity, syllabic, typical.
Test I
1. Read the words and explain the reading of stressed vowels:
Language, hunting, Friday, plate, sentence, primary, stupid, teeth.
2. Transcribe the words:
Fibre, April, going, render, family, avid, cavity, facet, lady, fever, over, funeral.
3. Find the odd word:
a) little, silly, fiddle, middle, quite
b) tragic, pathetic, paste, falls
c) ruling, tulip, truthful, trustee, numeral
4. Train the reading of the sounds [æ],[I],[i:]:
a) Can you imagine an imaginary menagery manager, imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?
b) I slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit.
5. Read the poem, find the word with stressed vowels in their short meaning and write them down:
The Rainy Day.
by H. W. Longfellow
The day is cold, and dark, and dreary:
It rains, and the wind is never weary;
The vine still clings to the mouldering wall,
But at every gust the dead leaves fall,
And the day is dark and dreary.
6. Read the proverbs, explain the reading of the underlined words:
1) Ask no questions and you’ll be told no lies.
2) There’s no smoke without fire.
3) Nothing ventured, nothing have.
4) Will you still need me, will you still feed me when I’m sixty-four?
7. Divide the words into syllables:
|Apricot, |spindle, ׀tribu׀lation, ׀intro׀duction, con׀glomerate, ׀raga׀muffin.
8. Divide the words into two columns:
1) words with stressed vowels in their alphabetical meanings;
2) words with vowels in their short meanings.
Television, nice, fever, bypass, under, hunting, boxing, refuse, twilight, letter, bicycle.
×òåíèå óäàðíûõ ãëàñíûõ â çàêðûòîì ñëîãå
Ex. 2 Pick out the odd word.
1. Toilet – tortoise – boycott – buoy
2. joy –oily –voyage – connoisseur
3. annoy – choice – they –joy – poison.
4. pear — swear — near — bear
5. eight — freight — sleigh — sleight
6. cream — head — leave — fleet
7. jeopardy — leopard — Leo — Leonard
8. ooze—wood—kangaroo—booze
9. courage — soul — trouble — nourish
10. plaintiff — raider — plaintive — plaid
Ex.3 Read the poem. Explain the reading of vowel combinations.
A little health, a little wealth
A little house and freedom
With some few friends for certain ends,
But little cause to need them.
Ex.4
a) Put the following words in the correct column according to the pronunciation of “ea”. Careful! Three of the words have two different pronunciations (and different meanings).
scream bean bread gear tear breath dread lead | spear break heal steak dead yearn spread read | knead plead pear bead great team breathe fear | bear thread instead wear head year mean pearl |
B) Give 2 examples of your own to each variant of pronunciation of the given digraph.
[ıə] [ εə ]
[ ei ]
EA[ a:]
[ i:]
[ e ]
Ex.6 Pick out the odd word.
1. monkey — donkey — whiskey — key
2. feudal — few — sew — queue
3. piece — mischief — field — ceiling
4. foot — good — food -- cook
5. round — house — ounce — trouble
6. could — would — mould -- should
7. seize — receive — deictic – ceiling
Vowel Letter Combinations
Ay, ai
says, quay, certainly, always, holiday, Sunday, certainty, Monday, portrayal, play, clay, aid, straight, against, fair, chair, rain, air, said, aisle, balalaika, curtain, claim, certain, pay, again, plait, plaid, plaintiff, plaintive, quay age, clay
Ea
eagle, stream, sea, deal, bread, meal, lean, feather, sweat, breath, breakfast, heaven, pleasure, break, great, steak, fear, idea, tear, theatre, clear, earthly, rear, earthworm, Earn, earn, ear-splitting, Earn Shaw, earring, earnest, eaglet, each, eager, Easter, leave
Ee
eel, needle, agree, addressee, employee, peer, beer, beetle, teenager, teem, teetotal, returnee
Ei, ey
veil, convey, receive, key, height, eye, either, seismograph, sleight, money, heifer, Reynolds, atheism, deity, heir, heirloom, leitmotif, beige, donkey, eight, Leicester, weight, leisure, ceiling, receive, seize, geyser, they, survey, bogey, monkey, whiskey, weird
Eu, ew, iew
feudal, few, masseuse, sew, Freudian, masseur, lieutenant, euphemism, feudalism, queue, pseudonym, neutral, Europe, leukocyte, rheumatism, leukemia, leucotomy, Lucite, Peugeot, Reuter, Reuben, reunion, reusable, Seurat, chew, Tewkesberry, mew, mewl, fewness, Newton, New-York
Eo
jeopardy, leopard, Geoffrey, Leonard, people, theory, peony, theology, theorem, reorganize, reopen, Seoul, Leo, Leonardo, Leopold, Leonora, deodar, deoxyribonucleic, deodorant, , Neo-Latin, neologism, neoplasm, neonatal.
Ie
piece, tie, fierce, tried, studied, dries, fries, friend, flies, sieve, handkerchief, science, pliers, society, acquiesce, Viennese, happiest, Vietnam, viewpoint, achieve, chief, species, series, mischief, auntie, Freddie, brier, fiery, diet, field, fiesta
Oo
food, good, blood, flood, door, moor, poor, brooch, zoology, cooperate, cook, book, wood, floor, ooze, boost, boot, foolish, too, woo, kangaroo, foot, boost, boor, boomerang, boondocks, soothe
Oi, oy
noise, boy, patois, turquoise, coin, oily, turmoil, boil, connoisseur, tortoise, loiter, loin, soiree, Boyd, boysenberry, boycott, toy
Ou
round, soul, touch, group, could, should, would, thought, through, bough, through, rough, cough, thorough, flour, tourist, four, journey, courage, courier, ounce, oust, house, thousand, account, sound, fountain, youth, soup, boulevard, goulash, you, nourish, trouble, poultry, mould, shoulder, bought, slough, house, wound
Test 1
1. Íàïèøèòå òðàíñêðèïöèþ äàííûõ ñëîâ:
Four, boot, cook, young, couple, good, proud, round, look,foolish, food, sour, moon, loose, pronoun.
2. Ðàñïðåäåëèòå ïî ãðóïïàì äàííûå ñëîâà â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ èx
ïðîèçíîøåíèåì:
Borough, brought, tough, bough, thorough, ought, drought, dough, though, bought, sough, slough.
3. Íàïèøèòå ïåðåâîä ïðåäëîæåíèé è òðàíñêðèïöèþ âûäåëåííîãî ñëîâà:
1. After that she divorced from her husband and left her work, she was in a slough.
2. On the ship seamen started to bouse.
3. The woundwas fatal and there was no hope for his rescue.
4. Ïðî÷èòàéòå è çàòðàíñêðèáèðóéòå ñêîðîãîâîðêó:
How many cookies could a good cook if a good cook could cook cookies?
A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.
Test 2
1. Íàïèøèòå òðàíñêðèïöèþ ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèé:
Nutritious food, young neighbour, our childhood, fourteen hours, joyous
cousin, wooden house.
2. Ðàñïðåäåëèòå ïî ãðóïïàì äàííûå ñëîâà â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ èõ
ïðîèçíîøåíèåì:
Ooze, poor, floor, enough, choose, soul, book, southern, ounce, blood,
should, account, poultry, douche, flood, too, could, coo, mould, youth, rough,
oust, trouble, mould, broach, bloom, tooth, tourist, coot.
3. Íàïèøèòå ïåðåâîä ïðåäëîæåíèé è òðàíñêðèïöèþ âûäåëåííîãî
ñëîâà:
1. His hobby was a bouse.He could not come home for several days.
2. The little girl very was very frightened, when she saw a sloughof a snake on a stone.
3. A man was injured, he had a wound.
4. Ïðî÷èòàéòå è çàòðàíñêðèáèðóéòå ñêîðîãîâîðêó:
How many cookies could a good cook cook if a good cook could cook cookies?
A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.
×òåíèå áåçóäàðíûõ ãëàñíûõ
NB
•the ending -esof plural forms of nouns and of the 3rd singular present indefinite of verbs forms the separate syllable [ız] after [s], [z], [∫], [t∫]: dishes, washes, boxes.
•the ending -ed of regular forms of verbs forms the separate syllable [ıd] after [t], [d]: expected, intended.
Test
Ex. 1 Distribute the words into four groups (one and the same word can be in different groups) according to the reading of unstressed vowels:
[ə] | [I] | [ə/I] | primary alph. meaning |
Radio, message, kingdom, hopeless, gratitude, cellar, belong, changeable, divide, downy, also, prepare, deliberate, attribute, deliver, courage, teacher, countable, probable, tempo.
Ex. 2 Find the words with unstressed vowels and explain their reading:
1. Look before you leap.
2. Hasty climbers have sudden falls.
3. If you run after two hares, you’ll catch neither.
4. It’s not cricket.
5. Study sickness, while you are well.
6. Health isn’t valued, till sickness come.
Ex. 3 Transcribe the words:
Samba, gymnastics, glider, contest, spectator, vicious, medical, polo, bicycle, judo, discuss, stamina, marathon, achievement, disqualification.
Keys:
[ə] | [I] | [ə/I] | primary alph. meaning |
kingdom cellar changeable deliberate deliver teacher countable probable | Radio message gratitude belong divide downy prepare deliberate attribute deliver courage | hopeless deliberate | Radio gratitude also attribute tempo |
A) with the ending -(e)s
[s] | [z] | [iz] |
Cats, touches, drops, pencils, coats, poses, gods, cured, ports, causes, fits, its, adds, tends, courses, boxes, mottos, toes, heroes, saves, boxes, spies, memories, tomatoes, drivers, potatoes, matches, plays, pockets, fingers, sources, marches, invalids, secrets.
Start
↓
spots | squares | prize | since | six | sports |
streets | wise | sells | sits | exact | escapes |
rice | rise | sense | science | lose | lost |
oasis | desert | smokes | songs | crisps | box |
place | face | snacks | seas | voice | boxes |
plays | phase | nose | smiles | focus | concert |
↑
Finish
Ex.13 The pronunciation of the possessive “s” is the same as for plural endings. For example:Peter’s [z], John’s [z], Philips [s], Steph’s [s], Gearge’s [iz], Alice’s [iz].
Put the words in italics in the correct column, according to the pronunciation of the possessive “s”.
a month’s holiday Jane’s dog the horse’s mouth Joe’s ambition Uncle Toby’s Mr. Walsh’s car Beth’s doll the judge’s decision | Liz’s mother the Jones’s children the government’s duty the boys’ farther the world’s resources a wasp’s nest a week’s pay |
[z] | [s] | [ɪz] |
Ex.14 Read the text, underline the past verbs with –ed ending and explain the rule of reading.
Robin Tailor was born in Birmingham on the 27th of December 1958. His mother died the same day. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor adopted him. In 1960, the Taylor family immigrated to Perth in Western Australia. Last year, Robin was in Britain on holiday. He traveled to Birmingham and asked about his family. He discovered that he had a twin brother! Robin phoned a BBC radio programme and told his story. He asked for information about his brother. That afternoon he received a phone call from Perth in Scotland. The next day he went to Scotland and met his brother for the first time.
Ïðàâèëà ÷òåíèÿ ãëàñíûõ ñ ñîãëàñíûìè.
Ñî÷åòàíèÿ ñîãëàñíûõ
O P A C
H D
V F Z J Y
I
U The Alphabet B Q R
M
W G
N E S L
K
T X
[ i: ] | [ e ] | [ eī ] | [ u: ] | [ aī ] | [ əu ] | [ ɑa: ] |
Test
I. Find the odd word in the line:
1. Guide, gas, general, glass, globe
2. Crimson, music, lens, always, research
3. Initiative, negotiate, transition, completion, station.
II. Explain assimilation(s) in the following words:
Cupboard, nice shoes, twice, try, sweet, plane, pray
III. Mark stresses:
heretical
Arabic
political
Chinese
attention
lunatic
IV. Transcribe the following words:
Psychiatrist, appointment, therapy, tranquilizer, medicinal, malaria, typhoid, hang gliding, windsurf, athletics, steeplechase, draughts, rink, oar, tournament.
* Digraph [daıgræf] – a pair of letters that represent one sound