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Key Terms

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Key Terms

Key Terms - раздел Философия, Social work: What is it? Учебное пособие Abnormality ...

Abnormality	the state of being different, especially in a way that is not desirable, from what is normal, ordinary or expected
Access	a means of approaching or achieving a place, a way in
Advocacy	giving of a public support or suggesting an idea, development or way of doing something
Agenda	a) a list of matters to be discussed at a meeting b) a list of aims or possible future achievements
Aggressor country	a country that begins a fight or war with another country
Alien	a being from another world
Alleviation	making something bad such as pain or problem less severe
Altruism	willingness to do things which benefit other people, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself
Arbitration	the process of having a dispute settled by a person or group not involved in the dispute
Breadwinner	the member of a family who earns the money that the family needs
Cell	a) a small group of people forming a centre of political activity b) a very small unit of living matter
Charity	a) a system of giving money, food or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor or homeless b) any organization that gives money, food or help to people who need it
Charity watchdog group	a group of people responsible for making certain that companies maintain particular standards and don’t act illegally
Child care agency	a department or organization that is responsible for looking after children
Civil rights	the rights of each citizen to be free or equal to others, for example, in voting and employment, regardless of sex, race or religion
Civilian	a person not serving in the armed forces or the police force
Clinical social workers	mental health and substance abuse social workers are likely to work in hospitals, substance abuse treatment centers, individual and family services agencies, or local governments
Code of ethics	set of principles that are accepted and used by society or a particular group of people
Cohabitate	If two people, especially a man and woman who are not married, cohabit, they live together and have a sexual relationship
Commitment	a) the use of money, time, people, etc. for a particular purpose b) a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way c) the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity
Community	a group of people with the same interests, nationality, job, etc.
Community based care	when people with mental illness or reduced mental ability are allowed to continue living in their own homes, with treatment and help, and are not kept in hospital
Compassion	pity for the sufferings of others, making one want to help them
Contribution	something that you do or give to help produce or achieve something together with other people, or to help make something successful
Contribution	something that you do or give to help produce or achieve something together with other people, or to help make something successful
Corporate	related to a large company or group
Counseling	providing with some advice or information
Death toll	the number of people killed, fo example, in a war or natural disaster
Debt relief	the reduction of a sum of money that someone owes
Depressive	causing making somebody sad and without enthusiasm or hope
Dignity	a) calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you b) the opinion that you have of the standard of your own importance and value
Disability	the condition of having a permanent illness or injury that makes it difficult for him or her to move about easily. It may exist from birth or be caused by an accident or illness
Discriminate (treat differently)	to treat a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, religion, sex.
Discriminate	to recognize a distinction between people or things; to treat one person or group worse/better than others
Disorder	a disturbance of the normal processes of the body or mind
Diversity	when many different types of things or people are included in something
Divorce	when a marriage is ended by an official or legal process
Donation	the process when money or goods are given to help a person or organization
Economic and military sanctions	relating to economy and army permission or approval of an action or a change
Empathetic	being able to imagine and share another person’s feelings, experience, etc.
Enact	to put something into action, especially to change something into a law
Exodus	a departure of many people at one time
Expand	to increase in size, number or importance, or to make something increase in this way
Explosives	a substance which is able or is likely to blow up, burst loudly and violently
Famine	a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die
Feasible	a plan , idea, or method that is possible and is likely to work
Financial viability	the state of a system related to money or management of money being able to work successfully
Flashback	a part of a film, play, etc. that shows a scene earlier in time than the main story
Full-time social workers	usually work a standard 40-hour week; however, some occasionally work evenings and weekends to meet with clients, attend community meetings, and handle emergencies
Fund raising	a sum of money saved, collected, or provided for a particular purpose
Gender	(sex) the physical and/or social condition of being male or female
Glass ceiling [usually cingular]	a point beyond which you cannot go, usually in improving your position at work
Goodwill	friendly and helpful feelings
Handicap	a serious, usually permanent, physical or mental condition that affects one’s ability to walk, see, speak, etc. *The words “physically or mentally handicapped” were used a lot in the past, but many people now feel these words offensive and prefer to use expressions with “disabled and disability”
Handout	a small amount or portion of something that is given out
Home-care staff	people who help with personal care at home
Housekeeper	a person, especially a woman, whose job is to organize another person's house and deal with cooking, cleaning
Human rights	the basic rights which are generally considered all people should have, such as justice and the freedom to say what you think
Humanity	people in general
Imbalance	when two things which should be equal or are normally equal are not
Impairment	if somebody’s ability to hear, speak or see has been damaged, but not destroyed completely, they have a certain impairment: impaired hearing, speech, sight (or vision). People can also be described as visually/ hearing impaired or partially sighted
Inflation	a general, continuous increase in prices
Interfere with	to distract somebody or prevent them from doing something
Investment	using money to buy, for example, shares or property, develop a business enterprise, in order to earn interest, bring profit, or improve the quality of something
Labour marketUK, US labor market	the supply of people in a particular country or area who are able and willing to work
Latch key kids	children who have their own key to their home because there is no one to let them in after school
Legislation	a law or a series of laws
Life - threatening disease	a disease which is dangerous for individual’s life
Lifting equipment	special tools or machines that you need to raise, move or carry something
Local social services departments	bodies that deal with social problems and are in charge of how they are treated
Maintain	a) to make something continue in the same way or at the same high standard as before b) to provide someone with the things they need, such as money or food
Malnutrition	illness or weakness caused by not having enough food to eat, or by not eating good food
Massacre	a) an act of killing a lot of people b) INFORMAL a bad defeat, especially in sport
Maturity	the quality of behaving mentally and emotionally like an adult
Meals-on-wheels	a service in which meals are taken by car to old or sick people in their own homes
Means-tested basis	basing on an official enquiry into somebody’s wealth or income in order to discover if they are qualified for financial help from public funds
Mediation	trying to get agreement between two or more people or groups who disagree with each other
Memorial services	an object, work or duties established to remind people of a past event or a person who died
Mental	[before noun] relating to the mind, or involving the process of thinking
Mission	any work that someone believes is their duty to do
Non-profits	organizations which don’t make profit, usually intentionally
Normality	the state of being typical, usual, or expected; not suffering from any mental disorder
Pacific settlement	an official making peace agreement that ends with an argument or a dispute
Partnership	a) the state of being a partner in business b) a relationship between two people, organizations, or countries that work together regularly
Peacekeeping and preventive diplomacy	the management of relations between countries, especially by each country’s representatives abroad based on the intention to help maintain peace and prevent war
Philanthropic	a philanthropic person or institution gives money and help to people who are poor or in trouble
Philanthropy	helping poor people, especially by giving them money
Physical dimension	related to body measurement of any sort: length, size, extent, height, breadth, thickness, etc.
Pledge	a solemn promise
Post-traumatic stress	the condition that is unpleasant and causing distress usually followed by some accident or unpleasant event
Poverty	a) the condition of being extremely poor b) formal a poverty of sth is lack of something or when the quality of something is extremely low
Preventative work	actions intended to stop something happening or a situation getting worse
Public - pension system	it is a system when state is responsible for financial support of retired people
Public awareness	knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or situation by ordinary people in a country
Quake-proofing	evidence that shows or helps to show that shaking of earth is true or is a fact
Ration	a limited amount of something which one person is allowed to have, especially when there is not much of it available
Redemption	the state of being freed from the power of evil, believed by Christians to be made possible by Jesus Christ
Relief agencies	bodies dealing with easing or removing of pain, distress or anxiety
Relief appeal	an urgent request for something important such as money, food, or services, especially to help someone in a bad situation
Retirement	when you leave your job and stop working, usually because you are old
Right	(morally acceptable)considered fair or morally acceptable by most people
Rigors	severe conditions
Second-rate	being of poor quality, not very good
Self-determination	the right or opportunity of individuals to control their fates
Sexism	(actions based on) the belief that the members of one sex are less intelligent, able, skilful, etc. than the members of the other sex, especially that women are less able than men
Single - parent family	such family is headed by one parent, usually female
Social justice/injustice	behaviour or treatment that is fair and morally correct / a situation or action in which people are treated unfairly
Social security	a system of payments made by the government to people who are ill, poor or who have no job
Social worker	a person who works for the social services or for a private organization providing help and support for people who need it
Solidarity	unity, agreement and support resulting from showed interests, feelings, actions, sympathies, etc.
Sponsor	a person or organization that gives money to support an activity, event, or organization sometimes as a way to advertise your company or product
Sponsorship	the process when someone gives money to support something (an activity, event, organization) sometimes as a way to advertise your company or product
Stagnate	to stay the same do not grow or do not develop
Starvation	suffering or death caused by lack of food
Substance abuse	assess and treat individuals with substance abuse problems, including abuse of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs
Suicide prevention program	a plan of activities or a set of instructions dealing with stopping acts of killing yourself intentionally from happening or stopping a person from doing this
Suppliers	persons or firms giving somebody something that is needed or useful, providing somebody with something for a need
Tangible	real or not imaginary; able to be shown, touched or experienced
Tax (an amount of)	money paid to the government, which is based on your income or of the cost of goods or services you have bought
Terrorism	the use of violence for political aims or to force a government to act, especially because of the fear it causes among the people
Therapeutic and recreational facilities	a piece of equipment, buildings, services that provide enjoyment and good general effect on the body or mind of a person
Toabuse	to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage
To address problems	to deal with a matter, situation, person or thing that needs attention and needs to be dealt with and solved
To encourage	a) to make someone more likely to do something or to make something more likely to happen b) to talk or behave in a way that gives someone confidence to do something
To enhance human development	to improve the process of people’s growing, changing and becoming more advanced
To handle stress	to deal with a great worry caused by a difficult situation, or something which causes this condition
To meet smb’s needs	to do, fulfill or satisfy somebody’s basic necessities or requirements
To run the home	to be the head of the household
To take advantage of	1) to make use of something well, properly 2) to treat someone badly in order to get something good from them
Tolerance(acceptance) (FORMAL toleration)	willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs which are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them
Treat	to give medical care or attention to a person or a condition
Trigger	to be the cause of a sudden , often violent reaction; to start something
Two - career families	a type of the family when both of the parents have a work
Undergo	if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc. it happens to you, or is done to you
Unlawful	being against the law, illegal
Victim	someone or something which has been hurt, damaged or killed or has suffered, either because of the actions of someone or something else, or because of illness or chance
Violation	breaking or being contrary to a rule, principle, treaty, etc.
Violence	a) actions or words which are intended to hurt people b) extreme force
Vulnerable	able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced or attacked
Wear out	to make someone feel extremely tired
Working mother	a woman/man/parent who has a job and cares for his or her children
Worth of the person	the importance or usefulness of something or someone

REFERENCES

1. Addis, C. (1994). Britain now: British life and institutions. BBC English. 2. Bearak, B. India quake leaves legacy of chaos thousands vie for space on trains to flee a land of fear and misery. International Herald Tribune, 2001.

Because I’m worth it! Newsweek, № 22, September 2003.
Borsch-Supan, A., Berkel, B. (2003) Pension reform in Germany: the impact on retirement decisions. Retrieved January 15, 2005 from the Web site of the National Bureau of Economic Research: http://www.nber.org/papers/w9913
Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly and revised by the 1999 NASW Delegate Assembly. Retrieved September 5, 2004, from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp

6. Douglas, A.R. (1998). The politics of reforming social security. Political Science Quarterly, № 3, 213-241. 7. Goodman, R. To feed a growing world family, fund science for farmers. The Times, 2001.

International Herald Tribune, № 3, February 2001.
International Herald Tribune, № 4, April 2001.
Kohler, H., Wolfensohn, J.D. Africans are ready for bold change, with help. International Herald Tribune, № 1, February 2001.
Pat, Y. (2000). Mastering social welfare. MacMillan Press LTD, 127-148.
Shepler, J. (1999). Jane Addams, mother of social work. Her life of activism from Cedarville to Hull House. Retrieved January 15, 2005, from http://www.johnshepler.com/articles/janeaddams.html
Social workers: nature of the work. Retrieved February 15, 2005, from the Web site of Collegegrad.com: http://www.collegegrad.com/careers/proft41.shtml

14. Struggling for balance in government reactions. The Times, October 2001. 15. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (2001). V.2.

The whiniest generation. Newsweek, № 17, February 2003.
Thompson, N. (2000). Understanding social work. New York, 40-50.
Wilbon, M. (2001). A weekend of charity, hope and redemption. The seldless side of NBA all-star HOOPLA. Washington Post Service, April 2001.
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Social work: What is it? Учебное пособие

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