Social work: What is it? Учебное пособие

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО образованиЮ

Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

ТОМСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

ИНСТИТУТ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

 

 

Агафонова Л.И.

Вакурина Н.А.

Верхотурова В.В.

Social work:

What is it?

 

Учебное пособие

Издание второе, исправленное

 

Рекомендовано Научно-методическим советом по иностранным языкам Министерства образования и науки РФ в качестве учебного пособия для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по специальности 521100 – «Социальная работа»

 

 

Издательство

Томского политехнического университета

ТОМСК 2007

УДК 802.0:37+364.3 (075.8)

ББК Ш 143.21-923.8+У9(2)272 я73

А 235

 

 

Агафонова Л.И.

студентов гуманитарных факультетов и институтов, обучающихся по специальности 521100 «Социальная работа» / Агафонова Л.И., Вакурина Н.А.,…   Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов гуманитарных факультетов и институтов, обучающихся по специальности 521100…

Рецензенты

MA (Honours) Languages (Interpreting and Translating), British Council Language Assistant (Tomsk) Gemma Tracey

You are going to read a text about social work in the USA. Four paragraphs (A-D) have been removed from the text. Choose from paragraphs A-D the one which fits each gap (1-4).

 

A.Some give advice to elderly people or family members about choices in areas such as housing, transportation, and long-term care; they also coordinate and monitor services. Through employee assistance programs, they may help workers cope with job-related pressures or with personal problems that affect the quality of their work.

 

B.Some work on interdisciplinary teams that evaluate certain kinds of patients — geriatric or organ transplant patients, for example. Medical and public health social workers may work for hospitals, nursing and personal care facilities, individual and family services agencies, or local governments.

 

C.Other types of social workers include social work planners and policymakers, who develop programs to address such issues as child abuse, homelessness, substance abuse, poverty, and violence. These workers research and analyze policies, programs, and regulations. They identify social problems and suggest legislative and other solutions. They may help to raise funds or write grants to support these programs.

 

 

D.Most social workers specialize. Although some conduct research or are involved in planning or policy development, most social workers prefer an area of practice in which they interact with clients.

Nature of the Work

Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve other people’s lives. Social workers help people to function the best way… Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings that… Child, family, and school social workers provide social services and assistance to improve the social and…

Look at the words in bold in the text and try to explain them.

7 In groups of three discuss the following points:

- What are the main types of social workers mentioned in the text?

- What are advantages and disadvantages of these types of social workers?

- What type do you prefer for your future specialization? Why?

The following table shows 2002 employment in the USA by type of social worker. Make your comments on the data given. Work in pairs and share your ideas with your partner.

Type of work	Number of workers
Child, family, and school social workers	274,000
Medical and public health social workers	107,000
Mental health and substance abuse social workers	95,000

 

(http://www.collegegrad.com/careers/proft41.shtml)

9 Disclose the meaning of the following terms used in the text you are going to read:

o full-time social workers

o voluntary nonprofit agencies

o long-term care facilities

o substance abuse social workers

o median annual earning

o mental health

 

Read the text below that reveals the problem of working conditions and earnings in the USA.

 

Working Conditions and Earnings

Median annual earnings of child, family, and school social workers were $33,150 in 2002. The middle 50 percent earned between $26,310 and $42,940.…   Elementary and secondary schools $44,100 …  

Read the following passage about the structure of social work in the USA and to answer the questions bellow.

Social Work Social work is a term used to describe a variety of organized methods of… Social work methods fall into three main categories: social casework which is concerned with individuals and their…

Evaluation

1. What have you done in this unit? 2. What have you learnt from it? 3. What did you enjoy about it?

You are going to read the preamble from the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers in America. Skim the following text in order to understand the main ideas.

The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance humanwell-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowermentof people who arevulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession's focus on individual well-being in a social context and the well-being of society. Fundamental to social work is attention to the environmental forces that create, contribute to, and address problems in living.

Social workers promote social justice and social change with andon behalf of clients. "Clients" is used inclusively to refer to individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.Social workers are sensitive to cultural and ethnic diversity and strive to end discrimination, oppression, poverty, and other forms of social injustice. These activities may be in the form of direct practice, community organizing, supervision, consultation,administration, advocacy, social and political action, policy development and implementation, education, and research and evaluation. Social workers seek to enhance the capacity of people to address their own needs. Social workers also seek to promote the responsiveness of organizations, communities, and other social institutions to individuals' needs and social problems.

The mission of the social work profession is rooted in a set of core values. These core values, embraced by social workers throughout the profession's history, are the foundation of social work's unique purpose and perspective:

service

social justice

dignity and worth of the person

importance of human relationships

integrity

competence.

This constellation ofcore values reflects what is unique to the social work profession. Core values, and the principles that flow from them, must be balanced within the context and complexity of the human experience.

(adapted from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp)

The preamble describes the mission and core values of this profession. Read the text again and make a list of the purposes of the social work profession.

 

 

Example:

The purpose of social work is to enhance the life of human beings, helping…… etc.

Look at the words in bold in the text and try to explain them.

Fill in the correct preposition or the word, then make sentences using the phrases.

a) to … somebody’s needs

 

b) to focus …. individual well-being

 

c) to contribute …… social development

 

d) to pay attention …. empowerment of people

 

 

 

8 In groups of three discuss the purposes of social work. Can you add any other purposes besides those mentioned in the preamble? Do you know whether such a document exists in Russia?

 

The NASW (National Association of Social Workers) Code of Ethics sets forth basic values, ethical principles and ethical standards to guide the conduct of social workers. The following extract from this document deals with values and ethical principles.

 

 

Skim the table below and match the values in the left column with their ethical principles in the right column. There is a description of the principles in the right column, too.

Values	Ethical principles
1. Competence	A. Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems.   Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest. Social workers draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address social problems. Social workers are encouraged tovolunteer some portion of their professional skills with no expectation of significant financial return.
2. Service	B. Social workers challenge social injustice.   Social workers pursue social change, particularly with andon behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people. Social workers' social change efforts are focused primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment,discrimination, and other forms of social injustice. These activities seek to promote sensitivity to and knowledge about oppression and culturaland ethnic diversity. Socialworkers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for all people.
3. Importance of Human Relationships	C. Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person.   Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectfulfashion, mindful of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers promote clients' socially responsible self-determination. Social workers seek to enhance clients' capacity and opportunity to change and to address their own needs. Social workers are cognizant of their dual responsibility to clients and to the broader society. They seek to resolve conflicts between clients' interests and the broader society's interests in a socially responsible manner consistent with the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession.
4. Integrity	D. Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships.   Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are an important vehicle for change. Social workers engage people as partners in the helping process. Social workers seek to strengthen relationships among people in a purposeful effort to promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well-being of individuals, families, social groups, organizations, and communities.
5. Dignity and Worth of the Person	E. Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.   Social workers are continually aware of the profession's mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards and practice in a manner consistent with them. Social workers act honestly and responsibly and promote ethical practices on the part of the organizations with which they are affiliated.
6. Social Justice	F. Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.   Social workers continually strive to increase their professional knowledge and skills and to apply them in practice. Social workers should aspire to contribute to the knowledge base of the profession.

11 Imaging that you are taking part in the All-Russia Conference whose agenda is to develop the Code of Ethics for social workers in Russia. Which values and which ethical principles are the most important ones for Russia? Make a list of values and principles according to their importance for Russia. Now you will take part in a round – table discussion in which you will be expected to put forward a certain point of view. Examine the Learning Strategies section to be sure how to plan your speech.

 

When speaking about a topic, you need special words and phrases for organizing your ideas. Group the phrases in the box below according to the purpose of the speaker.

 

Expressing ideas/Suggesting: ………………………………………

Interrupting politely: ……………………………………………

Agreeing / Disagreeing: ……………………………………………

Bringing discussion back to the point: ………………………………..

Concluding: ……………………………………………

 

1. Certainly/ I agree entirely 2. Perhaps /Though / We should consider an alternative option. For example… 3 .I see what you mean but … 4. I think that 5. That is not what I meant…. 6. Could we conclude our discussions? 7. Perhaps I might summarize our view…. 8. My main point is… 9. To return to what I was just saying … 10. Yes, but…. 11. That is all very well but … 12. I take your point, but … 13. Forgive me for interrupting, but …. 14. My view is that ….. 15. If there are no objections, let’s see if we have a consensus. It seems to me…. 16. As I said before…. 17. Let’s get back to your point 18. Getting back to the original idea…. 19. In my opinion…. 20. As far as I am concerned … 21. Perhaps we might consider … 22. Well, I suggest that … 23. Can I say something here? 24. I couldn’t agree more …

 

On the home page of the NASW of America you can find a lot of information about the Association and its activities including description of social workers ethical standards.

 

These standards concern:

(1) social workers' ethical responsibilities to clients,

(2) social workers' ethical responsibilities to colleagues,

(3) social workers' ethical responsibilities in practice settings,

(4) social workers' ethical responsibilities as professionals,

(5) social workers' ethical responsibilities to the social work

profession, and

(6) social workers' ethical responsibilities to broader society.

Navigate this site http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp Choose one issue in all of the 6 areas (total 6 standards) depending on your preferences and interests and write short annotations. Be ready to make a presentation to your peers on the ethical standards you have chosen at the next lesson.

 

 

The next text describes three client profiles. Read it and complete the table.

  Client’s name Age Her/his challenge Social worker’s assistance   Results   …   Client Profiles

Match the adjectives with the nouns.

promising dramatic depressed

global medical ongoing

domestic reproductive executive

 

a) .... students b) …. program c) …. education d) …. Violence

e) …. increase f) …. care g) …. director h) …. health

i) …. services

 

Choose one of the projects described in Exercise 17 and write a summary of the project.

 

 

Evaluation

 

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

Social Security Policy

Never for the sake of peace and quiet deny your convictions.

Read the text about the Social Security Policy in the USA and be ready to complete the tasks which follow.

 

The Politics of Reforming Social Security

Why is Social Security on the agenda for the first time in fifteen years? Why are policy makers considering modifying or replacing the program?… The 1972 law essentially removed Social Security from the regular governmental…  

Look at the words in bold in the text and try to explain them.

Explain the meaning of the following terms used in the text.

    7 How well did you understand the article? Complete the following sentences.

Cross the odd word out.

A. Inflation Stagnation Development Government

B. Protection Security Control Disorder

C. Law Edict Decree Request

Compare the history of Social Security Policy in the USA and in our country. Make up a report about Social Security Policy in modern Russia. Be ready to present your opinion in class.

Read the following passage from an article about Pension reform in Germany.

The financing problems beleaguering the public pension system have again shifted the spotlight onto the retirement age. This paper examines the…   (By Axel Borsch-Supan, Barbara Berkel. NBER Working Paper, 9913, August 2003. // http:// www. nber.org/papers/w9913) …

Write an annotation to the text above.

 

12 Discuss the problem of pension reform in Russia. Do you know the history of modern pension reform in Russia?

 

Evaluation

 

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

Disability

  “Fear and prejudice are often based on ignorance and unfamiliarity.”

UK Australia

 

 

2 Give your own definition of a ‘disability’ and write it down. Work in pairs and share your ideas with your partner.

Now read the text below on how the problem of defining disability is viewed in the UK and check whether your ideas coincide with the views expressed in the passage or not.

What is a ‘disability’?

 

Several writers and organizations have tried to make a distinction between physical aspects of disability and socially created limitations. Ann Shearer uses the terms ‘disability’ and ‘handicap’ in this way, suggesting that disability must be taken as given, but handicap is something that is imposed on that disability to make it more limiting then it must necessarily be. The extent to which a disability is a handicap depends on a number of factors such as a type of job a person has, the services that exist to help, the attitudes of society and the personalityof the person with the disability. Ann Shearer illustrates this point by arguing that not being able to run for a bus wouldn’t be a handicap if buses waited for the passengers. However, many disabled people find a term ‘handicap’ offensive because of its historical association with beggingand charity. A similar distinction can be made using the term ‘impairment’ to refer to the physical dimension and ‘disability’ as the term that incorporates the socially created aspects.

These distinctions are important because they reflect differing ways of thinking about disability. On the one hand, there is a medical model of disability, which focuses on the individual and physical conditions (impairments). A social model of disability takes the focus away from the individual and looks at disabling environments – ways in which society creates disabilities.

The definition, adopted by Oliver and Barnes, suggests that the term disability refers to:

the disadvantage or restriction caused by a contemporary social organization which takes no or little account of people who have…impairments and thus excludes them from the mainstream of social activities.

(By Y. Pat, Mastering Social Welfare.)

4 Look at the words in bold in the text ‘What is a ‘disability’?’ and try to explain them. Make up sentences with these words.

5 Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the word(s) only once.

limitations contemporary the mainstream disability begging the individual environments created society account personality handicap

1. different ways of thinking about ……

 

2. caused by a …… social organization

 

3. historical association with …… and charity

 

4. excludes them from …… of social activities

 

5. that incorporates the socially …… aspects

 

6. the attitudes of …… and the …… of the person

 

7. takes the focus away from ……

 

8. looks at disabling ……

 

9. but …… is something that is imposed on that disability

 

10. socially created ………

 

11. which takes no or little …… of people

6 Answer the following questions using the information from the text above:

o What are the definitions of disability given by Oliver and Barnes and Ann Shearer? What do they focus on?

 

o Explain the meaning of the following terms used in the text:

 

- medical model of disability

- social model of disability

- impairment and disability

- disabling environments

7 Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups:

o Can you identify any common areas of need for disabled people in your country?

 

o To what extent are disabled people’s needs being met?

Imagine that you are a person who has some kind of disability. Tell about your life using the scheme that is given below.

 

 

 

problems actions to get

1. lack of communication rid of problems

2. ……… feelings1.to commit a

1. frustration dreamssuicide

2. .…………. 1. to be ‘normal’ 2. ………

2. … ….

Read the statement provided below and give your own comments. Back up your opinion.

 

“The people with a disability are human beings in the same way as everyone else and only different to the extent that they suffer from a particular condition.”

M. Oliver

 

Read the text that reveals one of the problems of disabled people and be ready to fulfil the tasks given after this text.

Acceptance

In the following extract, a woman with multiple sclerosis explains how she felt about categories of normality after the onset of the disease: I was confused; I still felt fundamentally the same. My body was different, I… On leaving hospital and finding the mantle of ‘disabled’ places firmly upon my unwilling shoulders I entered a world…

Go back to the text, look at the word(s) in bold and try to explain them. Make sentences with these word(s).

Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the word(s) only once.

1. interfere with …… of a life 2. sheltered ……

Read the passage about the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act that was brought in as anti-discriminatory legislation in the UK in 1995. However, before reading the text, try to predict what this Act could be about. Read to check whether your predictions were right or wrong. While reading fill in the gaps with the appropriate word or phrase.

discriminate access unlawful polices impairment disabled employers learning insurance disability treat second-rate day-to-day sensory cancer law

The 1995 Disability Discrimination Act

In the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act ……1….is defined as long-term physical or mental ……2……..that substantially affects the ability to carry out…   (By Y. Pat, Mastering Social Welfare.)

Explain the meaning of the word(s) given in the box before the passage. Make up sentences with these words.

Translate the extract in written form using a dictionary if necessary.

 

Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups.

 

 

 

Look through newspapers and magazines or use other sources available and try to find information on how the problem of disabled people is dealt with in your society. Be ready to make a presentation about this issue in class. Compare the situations and the ways of solving the problems of disabled people in your country with those in other countries.

19 Write a composition describing your life as if you’ve just been made redundant because of your disability. Write about the importance of social status and being part of society. To what extent has your life changed?

 

 

 

o What services are provided for disabled people in your country?

 

 

o What organizations are in charge of providing and arranging support services for groups of people with different kinds of disabilities? Fill in the table:

 

 

Organisations	Services
Government	……..
Local authorities	……..
Voluntary organizations	………

Read the passage about the problems of educational provision for disabled people and about care and support services that exist in the UK. Be ready to answer the questions that are asked at the end of the passage.

Education and care and support services

It was much easier to make friends and I didn’t feel an outsider any more.…  

Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases. Complete the sentences given below filling in the gaps with the appropriate word or phrase. There is one extra word that you do not need to use.

 

a) Employment Training

b) special hospitals

c) health care

d) a key worker

e) voluntary organizations

f) legislation

g) supervision register

h) residential care

i) disability

j) a care plan

k) short-term care

l) day care centers

 

 

1. In Britain, ……… is provided partly by the National Health Service (NHS) and partly by private medicine.

 

2. She gets a ……… pension from the government.

 

3. In the 1990s the program of ……… was issued by the British government for training people who have been unemployed for six months or more to help them get jobs.

 

4. ……… is a system of care for old people who are unable to look after themselves at home, need nursing or other professional care which their families cannot provide.

 

5. Where appropriate, mentally ill people are provided with accommodation in ………, local authority accommodation, or homes run by private or …………… .

 

6. Local authority services include ……… , support in the home, the provision of ………, and help with the other activities outside the home.

 

7. Patients who have been discharged from hospitals may be placed

on a ………. .

 

8. Under the Care Program Approach, mentally ill people should be assessed by specialist services, ………, and ……… should be appointed for each patient.

Answer the following questions and share your ideas with your partner.

o What are the advantages and disadvantages of organising special educational institutions and educational programs for disabled people?

o Is there any special educational provision for disabled people in your country?

o Compare the system of educational provision and care and support services described in the passage with those that exist in your country.

o What can be done to improve the system of services for disabled people?

Use any sources of information available (newspapers, magazines or Internet resources) and carry out a project on any of the problems suggested below. You may fulfill this task in pairs or groups and consider the problem using the example of any English-speaking country.

 

o What educational and training opportunities are available for people with learning disabilities in your country?

o What kind of specialist assistance is provided for mentally disordered people in any English-speaking countries?

o What special hospitals or medical institutions for mentally disordered people are there in your country? What problems do these institutions experience?

o What are the problems that people with learning disabilities suffer in special hospitals?

o What are the main problems that disabled people experience being out of work (emotional, financial, the problem of socialization and etc.)?

o Speak on the organizations that deal with problems of employment of disabled people and their training.

o What are the reasons for launching a special system of financial provision for disabled people?

o Describe the system of financial support in your country. Speak on the main problems that disabled people come across.

Write a composition giving your opinion on one of the statements below. Write your composition in 120 - 180 words.

o The line from ‘normality’ to ‘abnormality’ is a continuum with no sharp cut-off point.

o The greatest need for many people is to be accepted and not rejected as somehow ‘abnormal’.

o Schools could help young people by extending community projects and encouraging young people to get to know disabled people.

o Many fears would be eliminated if disabled people were further integrated into the communities.

o There is a tendency for the media to overdo the ‘tragedy’ aspect of disability. The media could play a role in changing attitudes by portraying people with a disability in everyday situations, leading a normal life.

Evaluation

1. What have you done in this unit? 2. What have you learnt from it? 3. What did you enjoy about it?

Females Males

  To be a woman 59% 65%

Evaluation

 

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

Family in the Modern World

 

 

Family is the most important thing in the world.

Diana, Princess of Wales; 1961-1997

…………………………………………………………………………………………….....

Express your opinions on the following terms.

Divorce

Working mothers

Two-career families

Single-parent family

Make comments on the quotation given at the beginning of the unit.

 

Express your ideas on the statements below and back up your opinion.

• Healthy families are our greatest national resource
• The great advantage of living in a large family is that early lesson of life's essential unfairness.
• Every family is a "normal" family - no matter whether it has one parent, two or no children at all. A family can be made up of any combination of people, heterosexual or homosexual, who share their lives in an intimate (not necessarily sexual) way. Wherever there is lasting love, there is a family.

Look at the words and phrases and try to explain their meaning.

industrialized societies irretrievable breakdown of marriage Proposed laws

Express your ideas on the following situations

Ø A man and a woman living together without getting married

 

Ø A man or a woman living alone and never getting married

 

Ø People marrying two or three times during their lifetime

 

How acceptable are these ways of life in your country?

11 Read the article from Newsweek magazine about people’s attitude to the older generation in the USA. Do you agree with the author?

The Whiniest Generation

  Yesterday, in the Costco Parking Lot, a seventysomething woman was trying to…  

Discuss the relationship between different generations in Russia.

Match the words in the left column with their definitions in the right column. Make the sentences using the new words.

  1. Stigma A. an application for legal action to be taken   2. Breadwinner B. children who have…  

Evaluation

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

 

Natural and Human Disasters and Disaster Relief

“The last few years have been the worst period on record for environmental…

Give a direct translation of the underlined part of the article.

7 Read the article entitled “Five Days Later, Rescuers Find a Sole Survivor” and fill in the gaps with the appropriate word or phrase from the box. There are three words that you do not need to use.

trained dogs survivor assistance contaminated explosives rescue teams death toll volunteers ruins injured alive crews relief agencies disease lifting equipment suppliers sanitation system confusion

Five Days Later, Rescuers Find a Sole Survivor

Just as hope of finding anyone else alive seemed to have disappeared, an Indian rescue team freed Jyotsnabhen Gandhi from the ruins of a four-story… “It’s a miracle that she is ....3...,” said K. Kailashnathan, the commissioner… Estimates of the ........6........ from the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, have gone as high as…

Read the information about an imaginary country. Imagine that you are a participant in a committee which is planning an aid program. Decide on your priorities and think of solutions to the problems. Discuss and share your ideas with the other members of your group; be ready to present your entire aid program before the class and to justify your decisions.

 

Population: 16 million

Gross National Product (GNP): $ 13,000

Unemployment: 35%

Agriculture: poor soil - some production of bananas, oranges

Industry: not developed - a chemical factory in the capital

Communications: most roads – muddy; problems in the wet seasons; airport in need of repair; very few telephones

 

Express your ideas on the statements given below and back up your opinion. You should use about 120-180 words.

1. “Disasters don’t kill people, buildings do.”

2. Many lives are in danger when hastily erected buildings collapse because safety standards have been sacrificed to hopes of a quick profit. To prevent disasters of this kind, governments should play a greater role in setting and enforcing safety standards for building construction.

You are going to read an article about events that happened in the US on 11 September, 2001. Read the article carefully so that you are ready to fulfill the tasks set after the article.

 

First Reactions

But amidst all of this generositythere existed overwhelming fear. Fear of flying, fear of leaving children, fear of visiting public places, fear of… In these days following September 11, hate crimes against Muslims and Arab… The difficulty with that argument is that Muslims and Arab Americans are American too. And despite the actions of a…

Look at the words and phrases underlined in the article and try to explain what they mean. Make up sentences using these words.

Share your ideas and make comments on the initial reactions of American people to the events of September 11, 2001.

You are going to read an article that describes the reaction of the American government and officials to the events of September 11, 2001. Read the article and fill in the gaps with the appropriate word from the box. There are three words that you do not need to use.

 

hijackers volunteers cells military immigrants war memory religious civilian visas silence freedom embassy rights wisdom cultural horror wreaths

Struggling for balance in government reactions

Looking beyond the country’s borders, the struggle to balance fear and compassion is all the more difficult. Americans have thought long of… So deep was the hurt that even committed pacifists called for ……9… . President… Yet even in the midst of this anger came calls for compassion. Concern for the Afghan people led the military to drop…

Recovery from Traumatic Stress

After experiencing a traumatic event, many people showed signs of acute stress disorder. Though it has similar symptoms to post-traumatic stress… Many people who suffer from acute stress disorder have the nightmares and… ……………1………………….

Write any of the following compositions using 120 -180 words.

 

Evaluation

 

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

Charity

“Donations go further when you give to groups that spend responsibility”.

Money where their Mouth is

Whether your altruism is prompted by a large-scale tragedy or just old-fashioned goodwill, you should always carefully evaluate the organizations that will benefit from your hard-earned cash.

You want to be sure the money being donated is actually going to the purposes promoted by the charity, as many non-profits spend a substantial portion of their donations on fund-raising, salaries and other administrative expenses.

A good relief appeal should define what special need or service the group is filling or providing, says Weiner. Even a newly-created organization should be open about why it was created, what niche it hopes to fill and how it plans on spending contributions. “If they don’t have a plan, it may be a sign of good intentions, but bad management. It may not be evidence of fraud, but it may indicate whether the donation will be used effectively,” said Weiner.

Charity watchdog groups, such as the National Charities Information Bureau and the Council of Better Business Bureaus, can tell you more about the spending habits of individual organizations. Generally speaking, their guidelines demand that at least 50 or 60 percent of donations received by a charity goes directly to the cause being promoted, though 70 percent is ideal, says Langan.

Some smaller charities may not be evaluated by this watchdog group, but you can do your own homework. Charitable organizations are required to provide anyone who asks a copy of their most recent Form 990. The form includes the information about their budget and plans.

A charity has the right to charge a “reasonable” copying fee if this document is requested, so don’t be surprised if the group asks for a few dollars in exchange.

Charities with gross income less than $25,000 are not required to file a Form 990, but you can check with the help of your local Better Business Bureau to see if any complaints have been filed against the organization.

 

(From http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/)

 

4 Answer the following questions referring to the text above:

a) What problems can people come across while donating money for some charitable purpose? Why is it necessary to evaluate the organizations people donate money to?

b) What kind of information should ‘a good relief appeal’ contain?

c) What is the function of charity watchdog groups in controlling the process of donating money to the cause being promoted?

d) What information should be presented in the so-called Form 990? Is it obligatory for all organizations to have such a document?

5 Can you explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations mentioned in the passage? Make up sentences with these words and word combinations.

 

altruism

non-profits

charity watchdog groups

Form 990

hard-earned cash

fund-raising

contributions

Fill in the correct word from the words in the box below. Use each word only once.

2. old-fashioned ……… 3. ……… portion 4. ……… cash

Look through the opinions of different people who were asked to express their views on whether they help people asking for money in the streets or not. Analyze their actions and motives and make your comments.

a) “I don’t think it’s a good idea to give money because I’d be really worried that somebody would spend it on alcohol rather than something nourishing… What I think I might do is to buy a sandwich or hot drink or give them something in winter: may be find some old clothes.”

b) “I usually put a couple of coins in a donation box if I’m not in a hurry and if it’s easy to get at the change. I don’t believe in giving money to beggars.”

c) “I never give money to anybody. As far as I’m concerned it just encourages them. I pay my taxes so the state will look after these people. I think it’s sheer laziness. I think they could get up off their bums and get a job if they really wanted to. It’s just that they don’t want to work.”

d) “Well, I don’t mind giving a few pennies to people who are doing something to earn them. I’d rather they actually did something…street artists or someone who is actually playing music; it puts people in a good mood on the way to work.”

e) “I never give money on the street any more. I do give money through my bank to charities that I’m particularly concerned about. Once a month they get money from my bank. And that way I know where it’s going and it also means that you’re giving extra money because of tax relief.”

f) “It really annoys me... these people with their squeezes. I don’t see why I should give money for cleaning my windscreen. I haven’t asked them. I think it’s high time the government did something about it because it really is annoying.”

Summarize the ideas discussed above and express your opinion on the question suggested. Use about 120-180 words.

What do you think is the best way to help people who ask for money in the streets?  

Now read the article more carefully to be ready to speak on the questions suggested after it.

A Weekend of Charity, Hope and Redemption

The Selfless Side of NBA All-Star HOOPLA

There are stories that don’t need an apology playing out this All-Star Weekend, stories that have to do with men who want to be here, stories of… There is no better place to start than with Dikembe Mutombo, the Atlanta… “My target is to break the ground in September,” said Mutombo, whose wife is expecting their second child. “And then…

Give a direct translation of the paragraphs underlined in the article.

17 Look through the paragraphs of the article carefully and find the words… a) the act of doing smth. or having a quality that compensates for the faults or bad aspects of smth. (paragraph 1) …

Fill in the phrases from the article with the correct word(s) given in the list below. Use the word(s) only once.

rigors human resources to ration medical care to undergo a second thought served

You have been asked to organize a fund-raising event. Consider the points below and make a presentation.

Who the money is going to.

a.Will it be a local charity?

b.An international organization?

c.Or may be a country or a group of people which is in particular need at the moment?

d.Why have you decided to help this particular cause?

 

The kind of event you are going to organize.

a.Will it be sponsoring sports event?

b.If so, what kind of sport?

c.Or, will it be some kind of cultural event?

d.Maybe a film show or a play or a concert? What will you do exactly?

3. Who you’re going to invite.

a.Are you going to invite any celebrities or local dignitaries?

b.If yes, who, why?

 

The practicalities.

  5. Prepare to present your ideas to the class following the structure given… a.Nominate a spokesperson.

Charitable Appeals Policy

The BBC has always three primary purposes in mind in its broadcasting of appeals. · The first is to raise money for good causes and, by extension, to encourage… · The second is to provide a service to those members of the public who are charitably inclined, and to offer…

Explain the meaning of the underlined phrases.

24 Make comments on the following quotation which summarizes the main idea of the appeals policy: “In general, appeals should be restricted to causes which concern themselves with the relief of distress, the preservation of life and health, and the amelioration of social conditions.”

Point out the two essentials the policy is based on, analyze and comment on the main principles and the rules of the policy.

Role-play the following dialogue in pairs. Use the words and word combinations underlined in the article to sound more sophisticated and efficient.

  You’re a representative of an organization and you would like the opportunity to broadcast an appeal so as to raise…

Evaluation

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

 

 

International Organizations

Dealing with Social Problems

 

 

“Aid is not charity but a vital investment in global peace and security”.

D. Wolfensohn,

President of the World Bank, 2001

…………………………………………………………………………………………….....

Make comments on the quotation given at the beginning of the unit.

2 Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups:   o What international organizations that help people solve their social problems do you know? What are the main…

Organization of the United Nations

Other important objectives listed in Chapter 1 of the Charter include developing friendly relations among nations based on respect for the… Chapter 6 of the Charter provides for the pacific settlement of disputes,… In addition to traditional peacekeeping and preventive diplomacy tasks, the functions of UN forces in the post-Cold…

Make comments on the quotation given at the beginning of the unit.

6 Discuss the following questions in pairs:

o What are the main principles and objectives of the UNO listed in the Charter?

o What are the main ways that UNO uses in order to fulfill its functions and achieve goals listed in the Charter?

o What are the functions of UN forces?

7 Look at the words and phrases underlined in the passage ‘Organization of the United Nations’ and explain what they mean. Make up sentences with these words.

 

Read the passage about the importance of child caring in the international contemporary society and fill in the gaps with the prepositions suggested in the box. You may use the same preposition more than once.

By with under for in to of at up

To look into some aspects of the future, we do not need projections …1… supercomputers. Much of the next millennium can be seen how we care …2… our…   Over 200 million children …5….. developing countries …6….the age of five are malnourished. For them, and for the world…

You are going to read an article where the writer Robert M. Goodman is sharing his ideas on how to solve the problems of poverty and malnutrition in developing countries. Some parts of the article are removed, read the article and fill in the gaps with the appropriate part (A, B, C, D or E). There is one extra part that you do not need to use.

 

 

A) And they need access to the best and most appropriate technologies, from modern genetics to organic methods, to serve the needs of farmers and local entrepreneurs who will play the critical roles.

 

 

B) But it isn’t enough. What shall we do in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America, where the pressure of population, the underinvestment in infrastructure, the degradation of the environment and the constraints of natural resources conspire to make hunger acute in the coming decades?

 

 

C) The 19th century’s westward expansion in North America was in part driven by impoverishment of soils in the East. Intensive tillage made possible by mechanization helped create the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.

 

D) All of this growth will occur in the less developed countries, where more than 2 billion people, mostly children, already suffer from grinding poverty, malnutrition, hunger and sometimes famine. In these countries the population will rise from 4 to 7 billion in a single generation. No one has a clue about how these people will be fed.

 

E) It also will help them be intelligent shoppers for appropriate technologies that enable them to make progress. Today’s situation is much more difficult than the problem the developed world solved in the Green Revolution. Population has doubled and will double again.

To Feed a Growing World Family,

Fund Science for Farmers

Madison, Wisconsin – Obesity and hunger coexist in the United States. Farmers in China rebel against low prices and high taxes. India raises excess… These are a few of the visible issues that swirl around world agriculture… World population will grow in the next 30 years to 9 billion.

O Gates foundation

O Rockefeller foundation

O Kellogg foundation

O McKnight foundation

• The Green Revolution

Represent your work in class.

16 Before reading the article that is called ‘Africans Are Ready for Bold Change, With Help’ make comments on the following statement:

“It is time that politicians and voters in reach countries realized that without a bright future for the poor, the future can’t be bright for the rest of the world.”

Horst Kohler,

Representative of the world Bank, 2001.

Read the article paying attention to the main steps of the World Bank program in helping African countries.

Africans Are Ready for Bold Change, With Help

We recognize that we have more to do. In the coming months we will be supporting countries in their efforts to use debt relief for poverty… The World Bank has committed half a billion dollars to fight AIDS, and will… We will step up our work with African governments to build an enabling environment for private investment, both…

Write a paragraph about one of the problems mentioned and support you decision. You should use 120-180 words.

Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing such things as food and education? Or is it the responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to look after their citizens themselves?

 

To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social and political issue in the 21st century?

 

Evaluation

1. What have you done in this unit?

2. What have you learnt from it?

3. What did you enjoy about it?

4. Have you any criticisms of it?

5. Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

 

Answer Keys

 

Key Terms

  Abnormality the state of being different, especially in a way that is not desirable, from what is normal, ordinary or…       REFERENCES   1. Addis, C. (1994). Britain now: British life and …

Агафонова Лидия Ивановна

Вакурина Наталья Анатольевна

Верхотурова Вера Викторовна

Social work:

What is it?

Учебное пособие

По английскому языку

Для студентов гуманитарных факультетов

и институтов, обучающихся по специальности 521100 «Социальная работа»

Издание второе, исправленное

 

Компьютерная верстка: Дерюгина А.А.

 

 

Подписано к печати 28.03.2007. Формат 60х84/8. Бумага «Классика». Печать RISO. Усл.печ.л. 20,57. Уч.-изд.л. 18,63. Заказ . Тираж 50 экз.
	Томский политехнический университет Система менеджмента качества Томского политехнического университета сертифицирована NATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE по стандарту ISO 9001:2000
. 634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 30.