SHOULD and OUGHT - раздел Образование, Self-Presentation Эти Глаголы Едва Ли Различаются По Значению За Исключением Следующих Особенно...
Эти глаголы едва ли различаются по значению за исключением следующих особенностей употребления:
- ought to чаще выражает моральный долг, обязанность и поэтому стилистически «сильнее», чем should;
- за глаголом ought следует инфинитив с частицей to, а после should частица не ставится.
| Значение
| Примеры
|
| Моральное обязательство, долг (moral obligation, duty)
| A doctor ought to help the sick.
The young should help the old.
|
| Совет (advice)
| You should be more careful in your statements. They are just a hypothesis.
|
| Критика, упрёк (criticism, disapproval, reproach)
| The temperature was very high, you shouldn’t let her go.
You should have listened more carefully. In this case you could have avoided the overdosage.
|
| Сожаление (regret)
| I should have sent him a preprint of my report beforehand.
|
Task 6. Extend the statements according to the pattern. Use the words suggested:
| Don’t take this medicine now. (in an hour)
You should take this medicine in an hour.
|
1. Don’t drive so fast. (a bit slower)
2. Don’t take off your white gowns now. (when you leave the laboratory)
3. Don’t cross the road now. (when the lights turn green)
4. Don’t speak to the client now. (when he calms down)
5. Don’t write in pencil. (in ink)
6. Don’t copy the text now. (at home)
7. Don’t wake him up now. (in half an hour)
8. Don’t make an oral presentation. (a poster presentation)
9. Don’t rely on his calculations. (check them)
10. Don’t speak so loudly in a public place. (a bit quieter)
11. Don’t hesitate. (make up a decision at once)
12. Don’t smoke. (take care of your health)
Task 7. Extend the statements according to the pattern. Use the verb ought to and the words suggested in your sentences:
| Mrs. Brown is not well. (see a doctor)
She ought to see a doctor.
|
1) This student is so untidy. (be neater)
2) Mary is so selfish. (help her relatives)
3) He isn’t punctual. (come on time)
4) Your friend is very rude. (be more polite)
5) The client is so forgetful. (write down things)
6) These students are idle too often. (study more)
7) You work too much. (have a rest)
8)This doctor is very impatient. (more patient, especially while dealing with children and the old)
9) He is very careless about the claims. (more attentive to the claims)
Task 8. Use the appropriate modal verbs from this unit and the list of ideal qualities to give advice to your colleague on how to become a good clinical psychologist:
| Úare courteous
| Úexplain what is happening and why
|
| Úturn up on time
| Úsay honestly when they can’t help
|
| Úspeak directly to service-users, not carers or personal assistants
| Údo what they are going to do and don’t over promise
|
| Ú don’t use jargon
| Ú check out that they’ve been understood
|
| Ú ‘open their ears’ and ‘think before they talk’
| Úfind a mode of communication that works
|
| Úlisten and ‘really hear’ and accept what clients are saying
| Úare patient and make enough time to communicate with disabled service-users
|
| Úrecognize the loss of dignity people experience when approaching social services for the first time and respond sensitively
| Úunderstand the importance of privacy, peace and quiet and users’ and carers’ choice of meeting place
|
| Úbuild trust, empathy and warmth
| Úremember that young people may prefer to talk while doing something else.
|
Task 9. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Он должен сдавать экзамен сегодня, а не завтра. 2. Вы, вероятно, ошиблись. 3. Ему нужна бумага и ручка, чтобы записать сообщение. 4. Ты не имеешь права входить в лабораторию без халата. 5. Я, наверное, забыла рецепт дома. Могу я купить это лекарство без рецепта? 6. Нам следует проанализировать все данные ещё раз. 7. Необходимо подтвердить все результаты фактами. 8. Вскоре он сможет ходить, но сейчас ему нужен покой. 9. Мне приходится вставать очень рано, т.к. я должен приходить на занятия вовремя. 10. Психолог может помочь вам преодолеть вашу депрессию. 11. Вы должны рассказать мне о ваших страхах. 12. Ты обязан представить проект к понедельнику.
Reading and Speech Practice
Text 1 Description of Clinical Psychology
Clinical psychology is one field of psychology that deals with the understanding and treatment of abnormal behaviour. It is broad field that includes both practice and research. A clinical psychologist diagnoses and treats patients with psychological problems, and also trains, teaches, and conducts research in a hospital, clinic, school or office. In doing so, a clinical psychologist will apply the principles of psychology to assessment, prevention and rehabilitation of psychological distress, disability, dysfunctional behaviour and health risk behaviour.
A clinical psychologist is required to have received a PhD or PsyD before they may practice, which includes 4 to 6 years in graduate school and at least one year spent in clinical internships.
In approaching human problems clinical psychologists use a broad approach consisting of assessment, diagnosis, consultation, treatment, program development, administration and research. Clinical psychologists seek to develop and use a classification system of abnormal behaviour, to understand abnormal behaviour and its causes, and to find cures for abnormal behaviour. They cater to a broad population including children, adolescents, adults, the elderly, families, groups and disadvantaged groups. For example, a clinical psychologist must determine whether the behaviour that an individual exhibits is only a little unordinary, or whether it is abnormal in a way that will cause the individual problems. As well, once this factor has been determined the psychologist must determine how to go about treating someone who exhibits abnormal behaviour.
Clinical psychologists will use case studies, experimentation and testing to determine the above. Case studies are used in clinical work, as the client and the psychologist deal directly with each other. A case study is the investigation of a single individual that is conducted in order to draw general conclusions about the behaviour of that person. Case studies are essential for understanding the problems that people face and the best route of treatment for them.
Within their diagnosis process, the clinical psychologist uses scales, known as "clinical scales." As well, many psychologists are involved in the production of these scales and in improving the validity and reliability of them. Clinical scales measure abnormal behaviours that may be by-products of problems such as depression, hysteria, paranoia, schizophrenia and social introversion (shyness).
Clinical psychologists that work in the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal behaviour can be considered mental health professionals that practice "psychotherapy." Psychotherapy is a formal relationship between a professional and an individual who is seeking help for their psychological problems.
Ethical standards are important in clinical psychology. A psychologist must conduct their activities in a highly ethical manner, and are required to be familiar with the ethical standards relevant to their activities. Some ethical matters that may be considered include confidentiality, guidelines in counseling women and children and guidelines in using animals in research for psychology.
Task 10. Study the following words and word combinations. Say what you know about these concepts:
Clinical residency – клиническая ординатура; to cater to – обслуживать, удовлетворять потребности; confidentiality - конфиденциальность, guidelines – рекомендации, основополагающие принципы; case study – изучение конкретного случая, исследование на конкретном примере; validity – правильность, достоверность; by-products – побочный эффект/результат; social introversion – социальная интровертированнсть.
Task 11. Match the English phrases with their Russian equivalents:
| 1. To use a broad approach
| A. повышать надежность
|
| 2. To exhibit unordinary behaviour
| B. разработать классификацию
|
| 3. To measure behaviours
| C. осуществлять деятельность
|
| 4. To improve reliability
| D. применять широкий подход
|
| 5. to go about doing sth
| E. обслуживать кого-либо
|
| 6. to apply the principles to sth
| F. демонстрировать необычное поведение; вести себя необычно
|
| 7. to conduct activities
| G. подходить к чему-либо
|
| 8. to seek help for sth
| H. измерять поведенческие параметры
|
| 9. to develop a classification
| I. схема лечения
|
| 10. to cater to smb
| J. применять принципы к чему-либо
|
| 11. route of treatment
| K. искать помощь в решении чего-либо
|
Key: 1D; 2F; 3H; 4A; 5G; 6J; 7С; 8; 9B; 10E; 11I.
Все темы данного раздела:
SELF-PRESENTATION
Warming up
Answer the following questions:
1. Are you a student now? 2. What do you study? 3. Where are you at the moment? 4. Where is ou
Правила чтения
В английском языке 6 гласных букв: a, e, i, o, u, y.
Существует четыре способа прочтения данных гласных букв в зависимости от типа слога.
1. а) в открытом удар
Правила ударения
В английском языке в словах, состоящих из двух и более слогов, один из них выделяется ударением. В транскрипции ударение обозначается знаком ['] перед ударным слогом ['i:zi] easy. Отличитель
It will be advisable for you to counsel a psychologist.
Task 9. Change the sentences according to the pattern:
1)We find it difficult to study at a University.
It is difficult
Pronouns
Task 13. Change the following sentences, substituting pronouns for the nouns:
The information is very reliable.
- It is very reliable.
1
My Working Day
I am a first-year student at Volgograd Medical University. I live with my parents in a flat (house) in Voroshylovsky district. (I am not a native of Volgograd, so I live in a hostel
Task 17. Answer the questions to the text.
1. What university do you go to? 2. What course do you do there? 3. Where is your university located? 4. Where do you live? 5. Do you live in your own flat or do you rent it? 6. What hostel do you
Task 18.
A. Use the notes from Jane’s diary to speak about her daily routine.
7 a.m.
Waking up, morning exercises, a shower
Training of Clinical Psychologists in Russia
Grammar
There is/are/was/were/will be
Конструкцииthere is/are/was/were/will be используются для первичного сообщения о на
Training of Clinical Psychologists in Russia
There are a lot of medical educational establishments in our country ranging from a medical college, institute or academy to a medical university. They differ in the number of facul
Task 17. Answer the questions to the text.
1. What do medical universities differ in? 2. What subjects does an applicant have to gain a high score in to become a student of clinical psychology? 3. How long does a clinical psychology course
Task 18. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
1. curriculum
A учебная программа
2. applicant
B. заочное обучение
3. department
C.
A. Arrange them from the highest to the lowest.
B. Say what each of them is in charge of. Use the patterns:
The rector is charge of/responsible for V + ing... .
Task 20. Match th
B. Use the description of the Department for Modern Languages with a Course of Latin as an example.
· The staff of the Department for Modern Languages with a Course of Latin includes 1 professor, 4 assistant professors, 9 senior lectures and 12 instructors.
· They deliver cours
Task 25. Translate the sentences below from Russian into English.
1. Чем отличаются медицинские учебные заведения в России? 2. Мне нужно набрать высокие баллы по русскому языку и биологии, чтобы поступить в медицинский вуз. 3. Будущие клинические психологи учатся
Your Medical University
Grammar: The Verb to have
Существует три основных употребления глагола to have.
1. В первом случа
Volgograd State Medical University
Stalingrad Medical Institute was founded in 1935. There was only one faculty then. It was the faculty of General Medicine. In 1985 the Institute was awarded the Order of the Red Ban
Task 9. Find in the text the sentences which suggest answers to these questions.
1. Is the university involved in any international activities? 2. Where is practical training provided? 3. Was there a faculty of Clinical Psychology and Social Work in 1935? 4. What organizations
Task 11. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
1. educational establishment
A. сертификация
2. post-diploma probation
B. аспирантура
3. refreshe
Our students have educational buildings and many multi-profile hospitals at their disposal.
Prompts: spaciouslecture halls; well-equipped laboratories; many classrooms; university clinics; up-to-date equipment; well-stocked library; Internet facilities; sport facilitie
Complete the sentences using the nouns which are appropriate in these contexts in the required form.
1. A bachelor’s degree is usually an academic … awarded for an undergraduate course or major that generally lasts four years. 2. After graduation he was awarded a … to do research. 3. Students who
Present Simple Active
Present Simple Active используется для обозначения:
1) регулярных, повторяющихся действий: Every day clinical psychologists help a wide range of people of all ages with al
Past Simple Active
Past Simple Active используется для сообщения о действиях и ситуациях, которые произошли в прошлом и констатации фактов (в том числе и исторических) прошлого: Psychodynamic therapy develo
Future Simple Active
Future Simple Active используется для сообщения о действиях и ситуациях, относящихся к будущему, решение о выполнении которых говорящий принимает в момент речи (не планируются заранее):
B. Try to predict the contexts in which these words might occur or the problems which may be related to them.
Key:Advanced education – продвинутый курс обучения; undergraduate degree – степень бакалавра, незаконченное высшее образование; graduate student – студент, закончивший бакалавриат;
Task 14. Correct the following statements to make them true to the text.
1. Advanced education is not required to become a clinical psychologist. 2. A Doctorate in Psychology takes from 2 to 3 years to complete. 3. The practice of clinical psychology in the UK does not
Task 15. Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. специализироваться по какому-либо предмету/в изучении какого-либо предмета______________________________________________________ 2. дистанционное обучение_______________________________________
Task 16. Match the equivalents.
1. options
A. to demand
2. a clinical setting
B. education
3. to conduct research
C.
Task 17. Underline the correct word to make sentences true to the text.
1. common
A. part-time
2. to renew a license
B. disapproved
3. to attend
C. differen
Requirements for Admission to Clinical Psychology Training
1. Empathy and a person-centred approach to clients
2. Tolerance of stress
Model Curriculum
Fall Year 1
Statistical Methods in Psychology I
Research Methods & Design I Psychopathology
Assessment I – Intellectual & Cognitive Functioning
Task 22. The text below has a few logical mistakes (they are underlined in the text). Try to correct them.
What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist?
Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists often work in the same clinics and see people with t
Career Fields
Clinical psychologists frequently set-up their own ___1___ or join group practices. During the early 2000’s, over 60 percent of ____2____ worked in private practice. M
Task 24. Fill in the prepositions where necessary.
1. A clinical psychologist needs to study … a Doctor of Psychology degree if they want to work … a clinical setting. 2. The programs resulting … PsyD have a greater focus … treatment. 3. Online cou
Task 25. Translate the following sentences.
1. Требования к подготовке клинических психологов включают подготовку, необходимую для оказания помощи пациентам. 2. Подготовка клинических психологов включает продвинутый курс обучения и опыт прак
Task 26. Mind different forms of speaking about requirements.
1. Those training to be clinical psychologists have to complete a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology.
2. A clinical psychologist ne
Present Continuous Active
Present Continuous Active используется для обозначения:
1) действия, которое совершается в настоящий момент (момент создания высказывания): He is receiving psychotherapy in an in
Past Continuous Active
Past Continuous Active используется для:
1) обозначения действий, происходящих в определенный момент прошлого: At that time there was a patient on the unit who wasn’t responding
Future Continuous Active
Future Continuous Active используется для обозначения:
1) действий, которые будут совершаться в определенный момент будущего: This time tomorrow I will be attending a 2-hour-grou
Will be reviewing
Для выражения отрицательного значения используется отрицательная частица not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола (shall/will):
shan’t be reviewing
To be going to do sth
Структура to be going to do sth используется для выражения:
- намерения совершить некоторое действие в будущем: I am going to work with each of the family members individually.
B. Try to predict the contexts in which these words might occur or the problems which may be related to them.
Task 17. Read the text below and say which paragraph describes:
A. Harmful consequences of stress.
B. Ways of preventing and managing stress.
C. Physiolo
Task 19. Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. налететь, натолкнуться на кого-либо_______________________________
2. выбрасывать, высвобождать что-либо в____________________________
3. увеличивать сердечный выброс__________
Task 21. Fill in prepositions if necessary.
1. Nervous breakdown can be caused … chronic emotional stress. 2. It’s a good idea to do exercises … a regular basis. 3. Oxygen from the water is released … the atmosphere. 4. A few days ago I ran
Present Perfect Active
Present Perfect Simple используется:
1) для обозначения действий, которые совершены недавно или некоторое время назад, но результаты таких действий значимы и актуальны в моме
Past Perfect Active
Past Perfect Active используется для обозначения:
1) действий, завершившихся на определенный момент прошлого, который может быть обозначен либо при помощи отдельных слов (by that
Future Perfect Active
Future Perfect Active используется для обозначения действий, которые будут завершены к определенному моменту будущего: I hope home-based therapy will be completed by that time.
Task 3. Answer the questions, using the words suggested.
How long have you studied English? (for a year) – I have studied it for a year.
1. How long have you counseled this client? (for an hour)
2. How lo
Task 6. Answer the questions in the Future Perfect Tense, using the given suggestions. Follow the pattern.
Will you still be a student next June? (graduate) – Oh, no, I’ll have already graduatedfrom the University.
1. Will this boy still be in a foster
Task 8. Put questions to the words in italics.
1. The General Practitioner has referred the patient to the clinical psychologist. 2. Today I have made an appointment with the clinical psychologist. 3. Australian Associat
Task 12. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. На данный момент я уже опросила клиента и членов его семьи и выработала стратегию лечения. 2. В ходе исследования мы установили, почему происходят подобные изменения в настроении. 3. Мы уже расс
Social Maturity
(1) Social maturity has to do with how well people understand the nature of the social world they live within. Social maturity is what enables us to function as healthy adults. Without it, we end u
Task 15. Use the information from this text to match the name of a stage and its description.
Stage 1. Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
A. At this stage of cognitive development the child begins to solve more complex problems. This provides the ability to ‘dec
Task 17.Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. Чувственный опыт______________________________________________ 2. Моральный кодекс_______________________________________________ 3. Система ценностей____________________________________
Task 18. Match the words and phrases with similar meanings.
1. to satisfy sth
A. to fancy
2. to develop
B. to suggest
3. to imagine
C. to meet s
Task 19.Underline the correct word to make sentences true to the text. In one sentence both words may suit.
1. Immature peopleact in accordance with/contrary to an accepted value system. 2. Gradually the child comes to understand other people’s needs need to be t
Socialization
Learning the rules of behaviour in which you are born and grow up is called socialization. To live with other people, a child has to learn what is considered acceptable and unaccepta
Task 24. Fill in the prepositions.
1. All citizens must act … accordance … their country’s laws. 2. He stressed the need … a new approach to this problem. 3. He has a commitment to pay 100 pounds … charities every year. 4. Y
Task 25. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Каким образом Пиаже обозначил стадии развития ребенка, которые он предложил? 2. Одной из главных задач развития ребенка в первые годы жизни – научиться управлять своим телом. 3. Этот уче
Task 25. Answer the following questions. Give reasons.
1. Are you committed to any political ideas? 2. What ethical principles are you committed to? 3. Do you know any scientists who suffered for their commitment to certain scientific principle
Tenses. Revision
Task 1. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense-forms: Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Simple.
1. Doctors, nurses and other caregivers … (to prov
Task 4. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1. На данный момент я уже опросила клиента и членов его семьи и выработала стратегию лечения. 2. В ходе исследования мы установили, почему происходят подобные изменения в настроении. 3. Мы
Task 7. Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. быть подходящим для чего-либо__________________________________ 2. не давать волю/сдерживать собственные желания____________________ 3. унаследовать способности__________________________________
Task 9.Replace the words in bold with their opposites to make them true to the text.
1.In the dominant culture of North America, children are encouraged to be dependent on other people. 2. Chinese are usually discouraged to suppres
Which of them
· predetermine personality
· color personality
· shaped by personality
Task 13. According to Erikson, a child encounters a psychosocial challenge at each stage. I
Telegraphic speech; socialization, democratic families; egocentric; maturation.
1. In __________, adults develop a parenting style in which children participate in decisions affecting their lives.
2. Seeing and thinking of the world only from one’s own standpoint is c
Task 15. Test your intuitions about behaviour by answering true or false to the statements below.
1. The behaviour of most lower animals – insects, reptiles and amphibians, most rodents, and birds – is instinctive and unaffected by learning.
2. For the first week of life a baby se
Task 16. Fill in the prepositions where necessary.
1. Personality can be expressed … the person’s behavioural patterns. 2. She has been absent from work due … illness. 3. Mary Richmond contributed … the development of social diagnostics. 4. Psychol
Task 17. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Какие факторы участвуют в формировании личности? 2. Личность человека может получить выражение в его поступках и поведении. 3. В детстве ее часто высмеивали за то, что она была «пацанкой». 4. Во
Modal Verbs
В отличие от большинства глаголов, обозначающих действие или состояние субъекта (объекта), модальные глаголы обозначают отношение субъекта к тому или иному действию. Традиционно выделяют 10
B. Try to predict the contexts in which these words might occur or the problems which may be related to them.
Task 10. Read the text below.Here are the answers to some questions about the text. What are the questions?
1. ________1________? Personality traits are entirely le
Task 11. Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. Явиться с повинной______________________________________________ 2. Указывать, подчеркивать_________________________________________ 3. Делать особый упор на ____________________________________
Task 12.Match the words and phrases with similar meanings.
1. to share something with others
A. deep
2. to adopt
B. to control
3. views
C. to l
Task 13.Replace the words in bold with their opposites from the text.
1.Culture makes men aggressive and submissive. 2.Other-directed personalities have clear-cut ideas of right and wrong. 3. Feminine
Task 14. Derive nouns from the following verbs. Check the answers in the dictionary if necessary.
1. to acquire___________; 2. to enculturate___________; 3. to punish________; 4. to socialize___________; 5. to assume_________; 6. to respond__________; 7. to emphasize ________; 8. to expose__
Task 18. Agree or disagree with the statements below. Give your reasons. Use the patterns provided.
Personality is entirely learned.
Feminine and masculine personality traits are biologically hard-wired in.
Nature makes men aggressive and domineering.
Task 20. Fill in the prepositions where necessary.
1. He didn’t feel guilty … breaking the law. 2. … other words, culture makes women submissive and passive … response … men. 3. How many personality patterns occur … the world? 4. The teacher placed
Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Люди, которые не усваивают традиции, правила и предубеждения своей культуры, рассматриваются как отклонение от нормы. 2. Ученый утверждал, что существует несколько уровней сознания. 3. Концепция
Task 12. Match the words with a similar meaning
1. to conduct research
A. in a certain way
2. to be familiar with
B. to handle
3. to face a probl
Task 13. Match the opposites
1. broad
A. abnormal
2. normal
B. to hide
3. to be involved in
C. privileged
Psychological Scales
The MMPI has 10 clinical scales that are used to indicate different psychotic conditions. Despite the names given to each scale, they are not a pure measure since many conditions have overlapping s
B. counseling psychologist f. community psychologist
c. developmental psychologist g. industrial/organizational psychologist
1. __________ is a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, p
Task 21. Fill in the prepositions where necessary.
1. The psychologist applied standard clinical scales … assessment of the patient’s disorder. 2. Physicians have to be familiar … the legal standards relevant … their activities. 3. The clinical psy
Task 22. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Какие группы населения пользуются услугами клинических психологов? 2. Какие принципы клинические психологи применяют для оценки, предотвращения и реабилитации психологического расстройства?
Domains of Clinical Psychology
Passive Voice: Simple Tenses
Конструкции в страдательном залоге используются в тех случаях, когда агент действия неизвестен, либо информация о нем не важна в ситуации, о к
Task 5. Put the sentences into Future Simple Passive according to the given pattern.
I will look after the children well. The children will be looked after well.
1) We’ll make the atmosphere comfortable for you. 2) With the help of computers
Domains of Clinical Psychology
Specialists in clinical psychology focus their careers on working with a particular age group or diagnosis, with a specific population, in a select setting, or with emphasis on a type of therapeuti
Task 11. Match the words with a similar meaning
1. to impact
A. to deal with
2. to focus on
B. to stress
3. to address
C. adherence
Task 12. Match the opposites
1. valued
A. chronic
2. to differ
B. primary
3. weight gain
C. physical disability
Task 16. Match the followings problems with the domain they belong to.
Describe responsibilities of different types of clinical psychologists using the verbs and phrases: to specialize in, to work to address; to deal with; to handle.
Task 17. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
1. Which field aims to apply scientific knowledge … the promotion and maintenance of health? 2. Clinical psychologists focus their careers … working … a particular age group or diagnosis. 3. The cl
Task 20. Translate the following sentences.
1. Сколько специальностей выделяют в рамках клинической психологии? 2. Какие основные проблемы включают клиническая детская и подростковая психология? 3. Какая область клинической психологии занима
UNIT 11
Child and adolescent clinical psychology: Conduct Disorder
Grammar
Passive Voice: Continuous Tenses
Pre
Were being interviewed
Для выражения отрицательного значения используется частица not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола. Вопросы конструируются путем постановки вспомогательного глагола перед подлеж
Task 5. Put questions to the words in italics.
1. The surgeon is performing the operation under a local anaesthetic. 2. They were transferring the terminally ill patient to hospice care. 3. The nurse is giving a morphine
A) Write the questions that might be answered in it.
b) Read the text. Which of the questions you wrote were answered in it?
Child and adolescent clinical psychology: Conduct Disorder
(1) The major
Task 8. Use the information from the text to complete the spidergram. One item has already been filled in for you.
Task 9. Which paragraphs do the following summaries refer to:
A
Oppositional defiant behavior 1. оппозиционно-вызывающее поведение; 2. поведение, вызывающее оппозицию; 3. противопоставление себя другим.
7.Sexually coercive behavior 1. сексуальное домогательство; 2. поведение, вызывающее сексуальное принуждение; 3. сексуальное принуждение.
8. Arousal 1. активация; 2. возбу
Task 11. Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. тяжелая утрата (особенно родственника); 2. проявлять агрессию; 3. юношеский; 4. взаимоотношения между учителями и детьми; 5. нарушение правил; 6. перерастать/превращаться в; 7. избежать последст
Task 13. Replace the words in bold with their opposites from the text to make the sentences true to the text.
1. Children who exhibit conduct disorder inherit increased baseline autonomic nervous system activity. 2. Another common feature is constant parental
Task 14.Tick the correct preposition, then make sentences using the phrases, as in the example.
in
of
between
for
into
to
with
exposure
Task 15. Arrange jumbled sentences.
1. Disorder//be//some//as//period//as//conduct//early//of//indicators//can//present// preschool//the. 2. Destruction//typical//aggression//include//property//peer//
behaviors//relationship
Task 17. Translate the following sentences.
1. Какими основными проблемами занимается детская и подростковая клиническая психология? 2. Проблемы с поведением, концентрацией внимания, а также трудности в общении весьма типичны для детей. 3. О
Child Abuse
Grammar
Passive Voice: Perfect Tenses
В страдательном залоге (Passives) времена группы Perfect сохраняют свои значения, то есть соо
Child Abuse
Child abuse includes the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negative treatment, or mistreatment of children under the age of 18 by adults entrusted with their care. Child abuse is view
Participles
Participle I (причастие I) имеет ряд форм в действительном и страдательном залогах. В связи с высокой частотностью употребления в специальной медицинской литературе форм
Geropsychology
Geropsychology is a branch of psychology that seeks to address the concerns of older adults. Mental disorders, depression, anxiety, and age-related illnesses all increase the need for older adults
Text 6 Neuropsychology
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY is the scientific study of the relationship between the brain and mental life; clinical neuropsychology, of those aspects concerning the psychological assessment, management and reh
Epilepsy and Neuropsychology
Most people living with epilepsy do not experience serious problems with their thinking. However, there are aspects of thinking that can be affected by recurrent seizures and/or their treatments. N
Strategies for Supporting Attention and Executive Functions
-complete important work in a quiet, distraction-free place
-give yourself well-timed rest breaks after long periods of concentration
-have set start and stop times for work
Methods of Research
The goals of research are to describe behaviour, to explain its causes, to predict the circumstances under which certain behaviours may occur again, and to control certain behaviours. Psychologists
C. control group f. placebo effect
1. In a(n) ____________, only the participants of the experiment do not know whether they are in the experimental group or the control group.
2. In an experiment, the ___________ includes
Jean Piaget
Born in Switzerland, Jean Piaget sought to answer one question in his life work: How does knowledge grow? He studied his three children and thousands of other children to answer this question. Piag
Task 3. Read the text and match each heading with the correct paragraph.
Eclectic approaches; Psychoanalysis; Humanistic Counseling; Cognitive-behavioural therapies; Behavioural therapies.
A R Y
Psycho
Task 5.Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. Приходить в голову, на ум_________________________________________ 2. Уделять внимание________________________________________________ 3. Отрицательные последствия_______________________
Task 6. Match the equivalents.
1. to arise
A. to change
2. unconscious
B. to provoke
3. to substitute
C. to come to
Task 7. Replace the words in bold with their opposites to make them true to the text.
1. An eclectic approachprovides a one-sided therapeutic framework tailored to the service-user’s specific needs. 2. Individual problems are mitigated
Task 8. Fill in the appropriate words from the list below.
Goal/aim, technique, approach, methods, reasons behind, tendency towards, rationale behind, value.
1. People possess a natural ___1___ gr
B. Now match the words from this list to their definitions.
1.
links an unpleasant state with unwanted behaviour in an attempt to eliminate the behaviour.
2.
is a therapist’s consis
Task 9. Choose the letter of the correct term or concept below to complete the sentence.
a. eclectic approach; f. systemic desensitization
b. empathy g. aversive conditioning
c. insight h. antipsychotic drugs
d. free association i. active listening
e
Vignette 1.
A patient recovering from a heart attack kept “forgetting” to take his medication. The patient (Steve) was an intelligent person and his memory for other things was just fine. Steve’s doctors re
Vignette 2
Alice was a bit overweight, had periodic eating binges. She’d sneak to the McDonald’s drive –through and order cheeseburgers and milkshakes. Afterward, she’d hate herself for it. She had tried f
Task 13. Another way of implementing systematic desensitization is hierarchy construction.
A. Narrate the example of hierarchy construction in the name of a client. Use the following patterns:
The psychologist suggested that I should…/The psychologist
B. Build another example of hierarchy construction for another type of phobia.
Task 14. Provide feedback to what your client is saying to become an active listener. Use the following patterns:
Encouraging
Can
Task 16. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
1.Free associations enable the person to become aware … conflicts that in some cases date … … early childhood. 2. Is your psychologist able to do anything … this problem? 3. Behavi
Task 17. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Основные методики психоанализа включают анализ сновидений, свободных ассоциаций и лечение гипнозом. 2. Какие методики помогают индивиду осознать наличие внутреннего конфликта? 3. Бихевиористы по
Task 20. Listen to the text. Say which of these the client really complained of.
1. Sleeping problems.
2. Feeling awkward when he starts dating a woman.
3. Feeling sick when he starts dating a woman.
4. Failure to flirt with women.
5. Lack of
PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY SESSION
C.: I really don't have much to talk about to today. Nothing much has happened in the last 24 hours. Work today was boring. So I really don't have much of interest to talk about.
P.: When
Task 1. A. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Do you think verbal communication is important in social work practice? Why? 2. Do you know any special techniques that can be used by a social worker? 3. Do you know any other ways of making co
Task 3. Find the answers to the questions below.
1. What is meant by paraphrasing? 2. What three kinds of questions can be phrases during a social worker-service-user encounter? 3. What kind of information should be provided? 4. What area
Task 5.Find the English words or expressions that are used in the text to give the following meaning in Russian.
1. внесение уточнений/корректировка при помощи обратной связи_________ 2. гармоничный____________________________________________________ 3. вынуждать, принуждать к_________________________
Task 6. Match the English and Russian equivalents.
1. significance
A. to evaluate
2. to deem
B. to force
3. to give value
C. to emphasi
Task 7. Replace the words in bold with their opposites to make them true to the text.
1. Ifthe encounter ends on a note of discord, best practice can be put into effect. 2. The social worker should aim for unplanned endings. 3.
Task 11. A. Match the steps the social worker should follow when dealing with the client who is in crisis with sample phrases.
1. Listen actively and offer emotional support. This support may range from simply acknowledging the existence of the upsetting experience to offering strong reassurance.
Task 14. The following words and phrases are in the interview. Check the meaning and the pronunciation in your dictionary.
To mind; to address; record; to proceed from; to submit; to fill out; to look for; unemployment; to rent; to come due; tough; to close down; a run-out; savings; pelvic pain; benefit; health insuran
Task 18. Use this New Free Association Technique to interpret your latest dreams.
· Write out your entire dream.
· Only Select the section or paragraph that is most emotionally charged if your dream is extraordinarily long. Otherwise you should work with the dream in fu
Struggling to build a practice Russian psychology fights to bring psychotherapy to a needy but wary public.
By JENNIFER DAW
Monitor Staff
June 2002, Vol 33, No. 6
Before 1991, clinical psychology as we know it in the West didn't exist in Russia. Psychologists
Getting an education
Perhaps spurred by societal issues and a desire to help, more Russians are seeking clinical or practical psychological training. "Ten years ago, there was no department or university where we
A wary public
Another problem for Russian psychology is the lack of licensing laws. "There is no regulation from the state," says Maknach. "Anyone can call him- or herself a psychologist."
Specialise; therapist; professional bodies; providing; counselor; professions; extensive training;
What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a therapist or a counsellor?
Clinical psychologists have _____1_____ in assessing a range of psychologica
SECTION II Информативное чтение
Text 1 THE AGING PROCESS
(1) As we age, our bodies change in many ways that affect the function of both individual cells and organ systems. These changes occur little by l
Phillipe Pinel
Упражнение 1. Study the following words and word-combinations:
Squalor – грязь, убожество; studious – прилежный, усердный; lunatic asylum – психиатрич
Text 3. Eli Todd
(1) Eli Todd (1762-1832), a graduate of Yale in 1787, was rich in everything but money. He had a fine family, good looks, and a brilliant intellect, but derived little income from his work as a cou
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