Comprehension check - раздел Иностранные языки, THE PRE_ATOMIC AGE
1. Consult The Text Above And Complete The Following Sente...
1. Consult the text above and complete the following sentences.
1. Atomism reentered scientific ... in the 19th century.
2. Dalton … a chemical atomic theory.
3. Dalton experimented with elements to obtain relative … weight.
4. Robert Cecil … a number of questions about the atom.
5. The … tube clarified some questions.
6. William Crookes discovered that the space inside the tube … .
7. Under the influence of a magnet rays can … .
8. Stoney introduced the term … .
9. While experimenting with covering tubes with screens Roentgen made an amazing … .
2. Some of the words given in bold type in the text have synonyms and antonyms mentioned there. Find and name them.
3. Some dates (namely, years) are mentioned in the text: 1803, 1855, 1874, 1894, 1895. Can you recollect the events that took place at that time? If necessary, consult the text.
4. Match the names of famous people with the proper information about them. Add some more facts about these people.
John Dalton
suggested to call the unit of charge “electrine”.
Wilhelm Roentgen
developed a mercury pump
James Stoney
discovered that the airless space inside the tube glowed.
Robert Cecil
discovered a new type of ray.
William Crookes
created a table of elements.
Heinrich Geissler
posed questions about the atom
5. Below you will find some theses of Dalton’s atomic theory. Which of them are right and which of them are wrong? Correct the wrong facts (or information).
- Atoms combine to form chemical elements.
- Atoms of any one element are identical in their masses.
- Atoms of different elements have different masses.
- Atoms can only combine in small, whole-numbered rations.
- Atoms are unchangeable and indestructible.
6. Robert Cecil posed a number of questions while speaking to the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
1. Name these questions.
2. Are all these questions solved? If yes, then when and by whom.
7. Comment on the role the cathode-ray tube played in getting information about rays and their properties. (Mention experiments made by Crookes, Stoney, Roentgen).
8. Arrange the following sentences in the logical order to sum up the information given in the text.
1. The cathode-ray tube was used to cast light on some problems.
2. While speaking to the British Association Robert Cecil posed some questions about the atom.
3. Dalton put forward a chemical atomic theory and created his table of elements.
4. William Crookes found out that the glow would become a ray when the end of the tube was closed off with glass and the cathode and the anode were placed inside the tube.
5. He discovered a new type of ray.
6. At the beginning of the 19th century atomic theory was revived.
7. Roentgen managed to determine the nature of the fluorescent light.
8. Rays consist of particles having charge.
9. In pairs, discuss the information given in the text.
10. You are to prepare a report about the atomic theory of the 19th century. Use the text given above and add some facts to speak on the point.
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Pre-reading tasks
1. The text you are to read is headlined “The Pre-atomic Age”. In your opinion, what can it run about?
2. Think of and write down 4-5 questions the answers to which you expect
THE PRE-ATOMIC AGE
Ancient Greek philosophers were the first known scientists to suggest that matter was made up of small, unseen elements, a theory described as “atomism” by Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century В
Comprehension check
1. Choose the best ending a, b, or c to complete the sentences.
1. Ancient Greek philosophers
a) were the first to suppose that matter was composed of small
Vocabulary work
1. The words given in A are used in the text above. Find their synonyms in B.
A
B
to suggest
Pre-reading tasks
1. Have you ever heard about John Dalton, Heinrich Geissler, William Crookes?
2. Can you recollect what they are famous for? What contributions to science did they make?
Pre-reading tasks
1. Do you know:
a) the names of Henri Becquerel and Pierre and Marie Curie? What are they famous?
b) when the Curies and Becquerel worked?
c) what
HENRI BECQUEREL AND THE CURIES’ DISCOVERIES
X-rays were only the first, surprise of the 1890s. New rays were soon detected which proved to be even more profoundly alien to known science.
The French p
Comprehension check
1. Match the discoveries and inventions with the names of scientists.
Marie Curie
found out that uranium salt emitted pen
Vocabulary work
1. There are some words given in bold type in the text. Choose their synonyms in the box below.
to emit
to discover
Pre-reading tasks
1. The text you are going to read is headlined “Further advances in the field of radioactivity”. In your opinion,
- what does it run about?
- what
FURTHER ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF RADIOACTIVITY
Their work, which led to the Nobel Prize for both (and two prizes for Marie, a rare honor), confirmed the cathode-ray research of British scientist J. J.Thomson, who had experimente
RADIOACTIVITY AND RADIOACTIVE EXPOSURES
Radioactivity and the associated radiation exposures are sometimes thought of as environmental problems that have been created by modern science and technology. However, substantial
Pre-reading tasks
1. If you were asked to make a report on the theme “From nuclear reactions to nuclear fission” which events would you include in it and what scientists would you mention? Comment
FROM NUCLEAR REACTIONS TO NUCLEAR FISSION
In 1913, Neils Bohr, a brilliant Danish physicist and a post-doctoral student of Rutherford’s, elaborated and modified Rutherford’s model by incorporating quantum mechanical (the study of mechanica
Comprehension check
1. Some dates, namely years are mentioned in the text. Match them with the events described.
J. Chadwick discovered the
Vocabulary work
1. The words given in two columns of the box are mentioned in the text and they have similar meanings. Find and name these pairs.
A
Pre-reading tasks
1. The paragraphs of the text given below are jumbled. Arrange them in the logical order. Comment on your choice of paragraphs succession.
2. You are sure to know the name of a f
SPECULATIONS BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF FUSION
Atomic energy, now usually called nuclear energy, became a gleam in the eye of scientists in the early part of the 20th century. The possibility that the atom held a vast
Pre-reading tasks
1. Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Fritz Strassman made several key breakthroughs revealing secrets of nuclear fission. Can you give any information about these scientists? If nothing is known to you,
REVEALING SECRETS OF NUCLEAR FISSION
Enrico Fermi and his colleagues missed a reaction in the uranium which would later be determined to be the first example of nuclear fission. The task, therefore, fell tо scientist Otto Hahn, who wa
Comprehension check
1. Match the names of scientists with the information about them. (Sometimes information refers to more than one scientist).
Otto Hahn
co
Vocabulary work
1. Find synonyms or antonyms among the words given in italics in the text and name them. Be careful as the verbs are used in different forms
2. Fill in the tab
Follow-up activities
1. In pairs, discuss the information given in the text.
2. Make up a short report based on the text. (Presenting only key ideas).
3. Find some add
FISSION AND THE FIRST REACTORS
Fission of uranium was discovered—or, more precisely, recognized for what it was—in 1938. Scientists quickly recognized that large amounts of energy are released in fission and that
Pre-reading tasks
1.In the text below the names of Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Ernest Rutherford are mentioned. Recollect what each of them is famous for. The table below will help you to fulfill the
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AS SOURCES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Radioactive … involves the spontaneous disintegration of an atomic nucleus. As the nucleus …, various particles as well as high-energy electromagnetic waves are … . Ra
Pre-reading tasks
1. The text you are to read is headlined “Boiling water reactors”. In your opinion, what problems are discussed in this text?
2. If you were to make a report on this theme wha
BOILING WATER REACTORS
Consider the simplified schematic of one of the most common types of nuclear reactor, a boiling water reactor. (See the accompanying illustration.) Boiling water reactors were firs
GLOBAL WARMING AND NUCLEAR POWER
The idea behind global warming is simple enough. Earth’s atmosphere retains some of the heat that Earth receives from the Sun. The amount of heat retained depends upon the chemical composition of t
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