MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Unit 8 Great Scientists
Focus: Vocab...
UNIT 8 GREAT SCIENTISTS
Focus: Vocabulary Study: verbs to discover and to invent; science (general notion)
Focus: Great Scientists: Ernest Rutherford; Zhores Alferov – Nobel Prize Winner
Grammar focus: Uncountable nouns; the use of articles with abstract nouns
Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learning special terms; making a project.
I. Vocabulary Study:
1.Verbs: to discover and to invent
Nouns: a discoveryand invention.What is the difference?
Look at the examples below and choose the correct words to put into the sentences in the box.
· Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
· Early man probably discovered fire when lightning struck a tree and made a fire in the forest.
· Marie Curie discovered uranium.
· The Aztecs discovered the chocolate tree, growing in the rain forest many hundred years ago. Then they invented a drink made from the fruit of this tree.
· Many people say that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. But that’s not really true. There were people living there already, so they knew all about America!
· The word “robot” was invented by Karel Capek in 1921. Now everybody uses the word, but it was a new word then.
· The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930, but of course it had been in the sky for billions of years.
| When someone makes a __________, he or she finds something that already existed in our world. He or she _________ something new, but doesn’t create it.
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| When someone creates an __________ , he or she makes something new and useful. This idea or thing did not exist in the natural world before. He or she _________ something that no-one has ever thought before.
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Grammar Focus: Uncountable nouns - Articles
| Uncountable nouns are mass nouns which we can’t count.
Uncountable nouns include: a) solid substances or many kinds of food:coal, earth, flour, sugar, meet, cheese, rice, etc. b)liquids, gases:water, coffee, oil, petrol, wine, tea, air, smoke, oxygen, steam, hydrogen. c)materials:silicon, iron, copper, silver, gold, brass, plastic , glass, paper, wool, cotton. d) languages: English, French, German, Japanese, Spanish,
Italian, Danish, Dutch, etc. e) abstract nouns:knowledge, education, information, power
conductivity, voltage, etc. f) words whose equivalents in other languages might be regarded as countable nouns:research, money, cash, advice, news,behavior, harm, weather accommodation, garbage, litter, rubbish, hardware, software, equipment, machinery, furniture, progress, luggage, baggage, jewellery, cutlery, poetry, lightning, leisure, luck, fun.
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| Uncountable nouns: - always take singular verbs. e.g. Gold is more expensive than silver.
- don’t go with a/an/one/two when talking about things in general.
e.g. Fresh air is healthy. Water is good for you.
- can be used alone or with some/any/much/little/my/the.
e.g. Don’t forget to buy (some) coffee.
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| We use singular verb forms and no articles with words which refer to school subjects or scientific studies: chemistry, economics, mathematics (maths), physics, politics, electronics, biology, programming, engineering, geometry ,geophysics, etc.
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2. 1) A basic knowledge of science or conscious thought is important for solving problems, but our unconscious minds often help in a surprising way.
Read the stories below and write the name of the person, their problem and what helped them to find the solution.
| Name
| the problem
| the chance which helped with the great discovery
| |
| | | |
| | | | | | |
2) Read the text again and put a, an, the or – in each gap.
Все темы данного раздела:
UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN
· Focus: Education (general notion); basic vocabulary
· Higher Education in Britain ( general overview)
· Grammar focus: Presen
Phrasal Verbs
to get down to smth
to start work on smth that needs a lot of time and energy
to get on with
to make
Vocabulary
academic year – учебный год
semester/term – семестр
director of studies – руководитель научно-исследовательских работ
rector – ректор университета
dean – декан ф
FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION
I Further education traditionally includes part-time vocational courses for those who leave school at the age of 16 but need a skill in the manual or technical field.
Abou
Vocabulary
3.Form word partners.
1. maintenance a. empire
2. poorer b. research
3. original c. quality
4. university d. backgrounds
5 overs
M. ancient universities
people
places
activities
money
Speaking
7.Look through the text again. Why are these numbers and dates important?
90, 47, 1988, 1992, 28%.
8.Discuss in pairs the answer to fol
Financial Status
Fully Funded* Partially Funded* Scholarship Required
Intended Enrolment Time (select term and year)
Term:Spring
UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
· Focus: Higher Education in Russia ( general overview)
· Curricula and Degrees Awarded
· Grammar focus: Wh-questions; Preposit
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Higher education plays a very important part inthe life of any state as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress.
Today, higher educati
I. Vocabulary
automation and computer engineering
автоматика и вычислительная техника
radio engineering
радиотехника, радиотехнический
MISSION STATEMENTS
• To become a University of general academic excellence, meeting worldwide standards of training for engineers, managers and scientists. To develop academic programs leading to the award of
The period of study depends on ---------------------- .
5. ----------------------- 8 teaching blocks.
6. The direction of the research refers to ----------------- .
Grammar Focus: Present/Past Simple Passive
&
Vocabulary
an unsightly billboard –неприглядный, уродливый рекламный щит
to toss – бросать
to do harm – причинять вред
stuff – вещество, материя
manure – навоз, компост
POLLUTION - NO EASY ANSWERS
It's not hard to find examples of pollution in our society. But it is hard to define exactly what pollution is. For example, is a can tossed on the ground pollution? How about an unsightly billboar
Vocabulary
decade – десятилетие; десятидневка
device– электронный прибор
gadget – механическое приспособление/устройство
appliances – электроприборы
casing – корпус
HIGH TECH POLLUTION
The recycling of high-tech garbage is becoming a pressing problem. In the last few decadeswe‘ve been like children in the toy shop trying to get the latest electronic gadge
Intelligent d. old-fashioned
5. flame retardant e. clever
6. decade f. small machine or device
7. common g. to burn
8. scrap heap h. pile of garbage
9. out of date i. ordinary
10. m
Speaking
7. What do these numbers from the text refer to?
1 500 000, 100 000, 7 000, 200, 100.000.
8.. Read the text again and answer the following
UNIT 6 ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF BIG CITIES AND THEIR SOLUTION
Focus: Ecological problems of cities and their solution.
Grammar focus: Present perfect simple, clauses of purpose
Skills focus: Reading
Vocabulary
landfill – мусорная свалка/ яма для закапывания мусора и отходов
kitchen trash – пищевые отходы
noncombustible garbage – несгораемый мусор
upon request – по требованию, з
WASTE NOT, WANT NOT
Disposing of the garbage we produce is a major problem in cities around the world. In the United States, over 160 million tons of garbage are produced every year. Ten percent is recycled, ten perce
THE ANSWER IS BLOWING IN THE WIND
Britain is in the middle of serious energy crises! We 1------_(look for) a new form of energy which will be able to generate enough power in recent years.
Usually the British 2_------_(bur
Speaking
10.Look at the following pictures and notes, then in pairs discuss what the p
Writing
11.Your town is facing serious problems.Suggest ways to improve the situation, explaining the results of each suggestion.You can use ideas from units 5 and 6 as we
Vocabulary
accommodation – жилье
celebrity – знаменитость, звезда
fascinating – обворожительный, очаровательный, пленительный
to eat out – питаться в ресторане или в кафе, а не дома
LOS ANGELES - THE CITY OF ANGELS
Accommodation
The hotels in LA are more expensive than those in many other American cities, but they are clean and safe. The Biltmore and the Omni are lovely and close to special bu
Vocabulary
arid – сухой, засушливый, безводный
prosperous – процветающий, успешный, благополучный
harbour – гавань, порт
spectacular – впечатляющий, волнующий, захватывающий
Melbourne
Melbourne is Australia’s second city with half a million fewer people than Sydney. For those who live there, however, there is no better place in the world to live. It has parks and gardens and ple
Brisbane
The third largest city in Australia is widely regarded as the best city for the quality of life it offers its residents. The capital of Queensland has a tropical climate and its 1.8 million people
Writing
5.Write a tourist leaflet on two cities in your country.
1 Use these notes to help you.
Where is it ,(are
Description Tips
To describe a place, a building or a monument
a) first, you should give the name and location of the place, building or monument and the reason for choosing
A) Archimedes in his bath
Do you remember the story of 1____Greek scientist Archimedes? He was trying to solve 2____problem in 3_____physics – how to show if the king’s crown was made of 4_____ gold or not.
C) The scientist who saw the solution on a bus
The chemist ‘Kekule’ is famous for having discovered a lot about how 1____ atoms and 2____ molecules are arranged.
3____ first discovery happened when he was riding on a bus, one evening i
SCIENCE
Look through the text and prove the importance of science and scientists. Discuss in pairs the answer to the questions: 1. What impact does science have on our life?
2. What great discover
Vocabulary
M.A. Master of Arts – магистр гуманитарных наук
to expose(to) – подвергать воздействию
behavior of ions – поведение ионов
x-rays – рентгеновские лучи
radium eman
Vocabulary
superconductor properties – свойства сверхпроводников
semi-conductor – полупроводник
solar cells – солнечный элемент/батарейка
LED (light emitting diodes) – СИД светоизлу
A. 2000 b. 1987 c. 1971 d. 1972 e. 50 f. 10 g. 4
5.Read the text again and complete the chart with the most important events happened in the life of the Nobel Prize winner.
R & D
UNIT 9 GREAT INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS
Focus: Vocabulary Study: gadgets and machines; the history of 2 inventions
Vocabulary
shuffle – шарканье
courage – бесстрашие, мужество, смелость
wit – разум, ум , остроумие
humility – скромность
to explode – взрывать
firecracker – фейерв
THE LIGHTS STILL BURN
( From “My Most Unforgettable Character” by Charles Edison)
1. Read the text The Lights Still Burn and a) give your idea of the author’
Vocabulary
3.Underline the following words in the text then match a verb and a noun to make verb patterns.
VERB NOUN
Discussion
5. Read the text again and find out what circumstances might have prevented Edison from becoming a great scientist and inventor.
6.Edison often said, “ There is
Vocabulary
to launch – запускать
artificial satellite – искусственный спутник
manned
flight – пилотируемый человеком
permanent space station – космическая станция многоразо
Speaking
5.Discuss the to these questions with the partner.
· Is space travel useful to mankind? Why/ why not?
Could the money be better used for other things
SOCIAL LIFE
In American high schools, there is often much interest in other students as there is in school subjects. You can see this when you look at a typical high school yearbook. It is written once a year
SPORTS IN SCHOOL
Americans learn sports as part of their education. They learn two or more games, such as football or basketball. At high school, they choose groups of boys or girls to make teams. They choose those
CEREMONIES IN SCHOOL
Pledge of Allegiance
Every classroom has an American flag in it. From elementary to high school, students start each day by standing up and saluting the flag. They
NOVOSIBIRSK
1.Read the text and answer the questions a) What are the most important facts about Novosibirsk? b) What does Novosibirsk pride itself on?
2.Loo
Vocabulary
rank – занимать
rather – довольно
facilities – возможности
establishment –учреждение
stock exchange – биржа
settlement – поселок
ship yard – верфь
weaving fa
NOVOSIBIRSK
I Novosibirsk was founded in 1893. In 1993, we celebrated its 100-year anniversary. For a relatively short period of time, Novosibirsk turned from a tiny settlement into a district
Museums of Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk is also proud of its Fine Arts Gallery, which is the biggest in Siberia. There are icons, works of Russian and foreign painters in its expositions. A collection of Niko
SOME SPOTLIGHTS
The first underground was built in London in 1863. Until 1891 trains were steam-driven.
The oldest underground in continental Europe is in Budapest. It was put into operation in 1986.
CONTENTS
MODULE 1 EDUCATION.. 2
Introduction. 2
UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN.. 3
UNIT 2 STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN) 10
UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSI
Новости и инфо для студентов