FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК I Further Education Traditionally Includes Part-Time Vocatio...
I Further education traditionally includes part-time vocational courses for those who leave school at the age of 16 but need a skill in the manual or technical field.
About three million students are enrolled each year in part-time courses at further education (FE) colleges, some released by their employers and a greater number being unemployed. In addition, there has always been a much smaller proportion in full-time training. In 2000 this figure was 400.000, but by 2005 this had doubled. Vocational training, mostly conducted at the country’s 550 further education colleges, is an important component.
II. Higher education has also undergone a massive expansion. In 2000 only 573.000, 16% of young people, were enrolled in full-time higher education. Seven years later the number was 1.150.000, no less than 30% of their age group.
The massive expansion was achieved by greatly enlarging access to undergraduate courses, but also by authorizing the old polytechnics to grant their own degree awards, and also to rename themselves as universities. Thus there are today 90 universities compared with 47 in 2000, and only seventeen in 1945. They fall into five broad categories: the medieval English foundations, the medieval Scottish ones, the nineteenth century “redbrick” ones, the twentieth-century “plate-glass” ones, and finally the previous polytechnics. They are all private institutions, receiving direct grants from the central government.
III. Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively, are the most famous of Britain’s universities. Today “Oxbridge”, as the two together are known , educate less than one-twentieth of Britain’s total university student population. But they continue to attract many of the best brains. Both universities grew gradually, as federations of independent colleges (20 colleges in Cambridge, 48 in Oxford), most of which were founded in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In both universities, however, new colleges are periodically established, for example Green College, Oxford (1999) and Robison College, Cambridge (1999).
Scotland is proud of ancient universities: Glasgow, Edinburgh, St Andrews and Aberdeen, all founded in the fifteenth and in the sixteenth centuries. These universities had strong links with the ancient universities of continental Europe, and provided their longer and broader course of studies. Even today Scottish universities provide four-year undergraduate courses, compared with the usual three-year courses in England and Wales.
IV.In the nineteenth century, more universities appeared to meet greatly increased demand for educated people as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of Britain’s overseas empire. Many of these were located in the industrial centers, for example Birmingham, Manchester, Nottingham, Newcastle, Liverpool and Bristol.
With the expansion of higher education in the 1960s “plate-glass” were established, some named after countries or regions rather than old cities , for example Sussex, Kent, East Anglia and Strathclyde. Over 50 polytechnics and similar higher education institutes got university status in 2001. There is also a highly successful Open University, which provides every person in Britain with the opportunity to study for a degree, without leaving their home. It is particularly designed for adults who missed the opportunity for higher education earlier in life. It conducts learning through correspondence, radio and television, and through local study centres.
V.University examinations are for Bachelor of Arts or of Science (BA or BSc) on completion of the undergraduate course, and Master of Arts or of Science ( MA or MSc) on completion of postgraduate work, usually a one- or two-year course involving some original research. Some students continue to complete a three-year period of original research for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
VI. In spite of the high fees, Britain’s universities, FE colleges and English language schools host a large number of foreign students, in 2001there were about 158.000.
Female undergraduates have greatly increased proportionally in recent 10 years. In the mid-1960s there were only 51 per cent. There is still separation of the sexes in the fields of chosen study. Caring for others is a still “proper” career for women; building bridges is not. Students from poorer backgrounds are seriously underrepresented in higher education. Although more of them are now enrolled, more prosperous social categories have benefited from university expansion. Ethnic minorities representation is growing: 13 per cent in 1980 compared with only 10.7 per cent in 1960.
VII. In 1999 a new funding body, the University Funding Council (UFC), was established with power to require universities to produce a certain number of qualified people in specific fields. The UFC has forced the universities to double their students’ intake, and each university department is assessed on its performance and quality. However, the greatly increased quantity of university students might lead to a loss of academic quality.
The expansion has lead to a growing funding gap. Universities have been forcedto seek sponsorship from the commercial world and wealthy patrons. The government decided to reduce maintenance grants but to offer students loans in order to finance their studies. However, the funding gap has continued to grow, more students are living at home to continue their studies: about 50 per cent at the ex-polytechnics, but only 15 per cent at older universities.
2.Read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.
1. a) The best way to get further education is to be unemployed.
b) Further education gives additional knowledge but no practical skills.
2. a) Massive expansion was achieved by creating new educational institutions.
b) The proportion of young people enrolled in full time higher education in 2000
was twice as large as in 2005.
3. a) Oxford and Cambridge grew as federation of independent colleges.
b) Ancient universities in Scotland had more links with continental Europe than with
England and Wales.
4. a) In the XIX century more universities appeared because of economic problems in
the country.
b) Open university provides its students with vocational training and conducts learning through the Internet.
5. a) University examinations for BA or BSc involve some original research.
b) The highest degree is Doctor of Philosophy.
6. a) Foreign students are underrepresented because of high fees.
b) There are still some more prejudices about proper careers for men and women.
7. a) The UFC assesses the universities on their student intake.
b) The intake growth has led to financing the programme by the government.
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UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN
· Focus: Education (general notion); basic vocabulary
· Higher Education in Britain ( general overview)
· Grammar focus: Presen
Phrasal Verbs
to get down to smth
to start work on smth that needs a lot of time and energy
to get on with
to make
Vocabulary
academic year – учебный год
semester/term – семестр
director of studies – руководитель научно-исследовательских работ
rector – ректор университета
dean – декан ф
Vocabulary
3.Form word partners.
1. maintenance a. empire
2. poorer b. research
3. original c. quality
4. university d. backgrounds
5 overs
Speaking
7.Look through the text again. Why are these numbers and dates important?
90, 47, 1988, 1992, 28%.
8.Discuss in pairs the answer to fol
Financial Status
Fully Funded* Partially Funded* Scholarship Required
Intended Enrolment Time (select term and year)
Term:Spring
UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
· Focus: Higher Education in Russia ( general overview)
· Curricula and Degrees Awarded
· Grammar focus: Wh-questions; Preposit
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Higher education plays a very important part inthe life of any state as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress.
Today, higher educati
I. Vocabulary
automation and computer engineering
автоматика и вычислительная техника
radio engineering
радиотехника, радиотехнический
MISSION STATEMENTS
• To become a University of general academic excellence, meeting worldwide standards of training for engineers, managers and scientists. To develop academic programs leading to the award of
Vocabulary
an unsightly billboard –неприглядный, уродливый рекламный щит
to toss – бросать
to do harm – причинять вред
stuff – вещество, материя
manure – навоз, компост
POLLUTION - NO EASY ANSWERS
It's not hard to find examples of pollution in our society. But it is hard to define exactly what pollution is. For example, is a can tossed on the ground pollution? How about an unsightly billboar
HIGH TECH POLLUTION
The recycling of high-tech garbage is becoming a pressing problem. In the last few decadeswe‘ve been like children in the toy shop trying to get the latest electronic gadge
Intelligent d. old-fashioned
5. flame retardant e. clever
6. decade f. small machine or device
7. common g. to burn
8. scrap heap h. pile of garbage
9. out of date i. ordinary
10. m
Speaking
7. What do these numbers from the text refer to?
1 500 000, 100 000, 7 000, 200, 100.000.
8.. Read the text again and answer the following
Vocabulary
landfill – мусорная свалка/ яма для закапывания мусора и отходов
kitchen trash – пищевые отходы
noncombustible garbage – несгораемый мусор
upon request – по требованию, з
WASTE NOT, WANT NOT
Disposing of the garbage we produce is a major problem in cities around the world. In the United States, over 160 million tons of garbage are produced every year. Ten percent is recycled, ten perce
THE ANSWER IS BLOWING IN THE WIND
Britain is in the middle of serious energy crises! We 1------_(look for) a new form of energy which will be able to generate enough power in recent years.
Usually the British 2_------_(bur
Speaking
10.Look at the following pictures and notes, then in pairs discuss what the p
Writing
11.Your town is facing serious problems.Suggest ways to improve the situation, explaining the results of each suggestion.You can use ideas from units 5 and 6 as we
Vocabulary
accommodation – жилье
celebrity – знаменитость, звезда
fascinating – обворожительный, очаровательный, пленительный
to eat out – питаться в ресторане или в кафе, а не дома
LOS ANGELES - THE CITY OF ANGELS
Accommodation
The hotels in LA are more expensive than those in many other American cities, but they are clean and safe. The Biltmore and the Omni are lovely and close to special bu
Melbourne
Melbourne is Australia’s second city with half a million fewer people than Sydney. For those who live there, however, there is no better place in the world to live. It has parks and gardens and ple
Brisbane
The third largest city in Australia is widely regarded as the best city for the quality of life it offers its residents. The capital of Queensland has a tropical climate and its 1.8 million people
Writing
5.Write a tourist leaflet on two cities in your country.
1 Use these notes to help you.
Where is it ,(are
Description Tips
To describe a place, a building or a monument
a) first, you should give the name and location of the place, building or monument and the reason for choosing
MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 8 GREAT SCIENTISTS
Focus: Vocabulary Study: verbs to discover and to invent; science (general notion)
Focus: Great Scientists
A) Archimedes in his bath
Do you remember the story of 1____Greek scientist Archimedes? He was trying to solve 2____problem in 3_____physics – how to show if the king’s crown was made of 4_____ gold or not.
C) The scientist who saw the solution on a bus
The chemist ‘Kekule’ is famous for having discovered a lot about how 1____ atoms and 2____ molecules are arranged.
3____ first discovery happened when he was riding on a bus, one evening i
SCIENCE
Look through the text and prove the importance of science and scientists. Discuss in pairs the answer to the questions: 1. What impact does science have on our life?
2. What great discover
Vocabulary
M.A. Master of Arts – магистр гуманитарных наук
to expose(to) – подвергать воздействию
behavior of ions – поведение ионов
x-rays – рентгеновские лучи
radium eman
Vocabulary
superconductor properties – свойства сверхпроводников
semi-conductor – полупроводник
solar cells – солнечный элемент/батарейка
LED (light emitting diodes) – СИД светоизлу
THE LIGHTS STILL BURN
( From “My Most Unforgettable Character” by Charles Edison)
1. Read the text The Lights Still Burn and a) give your idea of the author’
Vocabulary
3.Underline the following words in the text then match a verb and a noun to make verb patterns.
VERB NOUN
Discussion
5. Read the text again and find out what circumstances might have prevented Edison from becoming a great scientist and inventor.
6.Edison often said, “ There is
Vocabulary
to launch – запускать
artificial satellite – искусственный спутник
manned
flight – пилотируемый человеком
permanent space station – космическая станция многоразо
Speaking
5.Discuss the to these questions with the partner.
· Is space travel useful to mankind? Why/ why not?
Could the money be better used for other things
SOCIAL LIFE
In American high schools, there is often much interest in other students as there is in school subjects. You can see this when you look at a typical high school yearbook. It is written once a year
SPORTS IN SCHOOL
Americans learn sports as part of their education. They learn two or more games, such as football or basketball. At high school, they choose groups of boys or girls to make teams. They choose those
CEREMONIES IN SCHOOL
Pledge of Allegiance
Every classroom has an American flag in it. From elementary to high school, students start each day by standing up and saluting the flag. They
NOVOSIBIRSK
1.Read the text and answer the questions a) What are the most important facts about Novosibirsk? b) What does Novosibirsk pride itself on?
2.Loo
Vocabulary
rank – занимать
rather – довольно
facilities – возможности
establishment –учреждение
stock exchange – биржа
settlement – поселок
ship yard – верфь
weaving fa
NOVOSIBIRSK
I Novosibirsk was founded in 1893. In 1993, we celebrated its 100-year anniversary. For a relatively short period of time, Novosibirsk turned from a tiny settlement into a district
Museums of Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk is also proud of its Fine Arts Gallery, which is the biggest in Siberia. There are icons, works of Russian and foreign painters in its expositions. A collection of Niko
SOME SPOTLIGHTS
The first underground was built in London in 1863. Until 1891 trains were steam-driven.
The oldest underground in continental Europe is in Budapest. It was put into operation in 1986.
CONTENTS
MODULE 1 EDUCATION.. 2
Introduction. 2
UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN.. 3
UNIT 2 STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN) 10
UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSI
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