Модальный глагол must

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И.В. ПЛЮХИНА
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ по дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» для студентов специальности «Управление и информатика в технических системах» очно-заочной формы обучения.

CHARLES BABBAGE, MASTER INVENTOR.
  English mathematician Charles Babbage designed the first modern computer in the 1830’s. He called it an analytical engine. If Babbage had been able to get enough m

Exercise 4. Choose the proper answer to the question according to the text.
  Did Babbage eventually become a professor at Harvard University ?   a) No, he became a professor at Cambridge University. b) Practically, he didn't b

Vocabulary
  Pong – понг (электронная телевизионная игра) craze - повальное увлечение to scale down - уменьшать

Exercise 4. Choose the proper answer to the question according to the text.
  How many Pong games were there in American homes by 1975?   a) 150,000 b) 1,500 c) 15,000   Text C:HOWARD AIK

Howard Aiken A Step Toward Today
In 1944, Harvard University physicist Howard Aiken built the forerunner of today's computer. Aiken's Mark I was the first working digital binary computer. It used thousands of electrical s

Bill Gates, the Software King
Most of the computers in the world use software invented by Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft. Inc. of Redmond, Wash. Software is the set of programs that make computers – whether business or pe

Text E. TYPES OF COMPUTERS.
How big do you think a computer is? Computers come in many different sizes. A computer can be big enough to fill a room about the size of a school hall, or small enough to rest on your knees.

From mainframe to microcomputer
Early computers were all mainframes. They took a long time to build and were difficult to repair if they broke down. Each part had to be wired separately to other parts. Then, in the 1960s, everyth

GRAMMAR.
Страдательный залог. (Passive Voice) Формы страдательного залога английских глаголов образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем

Exercise2. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глаголы в нужные формы страдательного
залога:   1. Those books (return) to the library yesterday. 2. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month. 3. Why your home task (not do)? 4. The

Personal computers
Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries. Personal computers are designed f

Text B.WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence by itself

Input hardware
The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard.It looks very much like

Processing hardware
The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Centr

Storage hardware
The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware serves the same basic fun

Output hardware
The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softco

Exercise 2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
1) Computer is an electronic device therefore hardware is a system of electronic devices. 2) The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for co

Exercise 3. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary
1) CPU 2) ROM 3) Floppy-disk 4) CD-ROM 5) Printer 6) Modem 7) Motherboard 8) Hard disk 9) Keyboard 10)Sound-card

GRAMMAR.
Модальные глаголы и их заменители Модальные глаголы показывают отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному инфинитивом. Например, сравните: You can speak English.

Модальный глагол can
can — мочь, быть в состоянии, could — прошедшее время предполагает наличие физической, умственной и прочих возможностей, по

Модальный глагол may
may — иметь возможность, получить разрешение (делать что-либо), прошедшее время—might May I help you? —

Модальный глагол should
Модальный глаголshould в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивомshould have done выражает действия, которые должны были произойти в прошлом, но по каким-т

Модальный глагол shall
Модальный глаголshall употребляется в тех случаях, когда испрашиваетсяразрешение на совершение какого-либо действия и является иногда заменителем модального глаголаm

Text A: OPERATING SYSTEMS
When computers were first introduced in the 1940's and 50's, every program written had to provide instructions that told the computer how to use devices such as the printer, how to store informatio

Exercise 3. Which of the listed below state­ments are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
1) When computers were first introduced in 40's and 50's programmers had to write programs to instruct CD-ROMs, laser printers and scanners. 2) The operational system controls and manages

Text B. WINDOWS
  Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a software program that makes your IBM PC (or compatible) easy to use. It does this by simplifying the computer's user interface.

Text C. WINDOWS 95.
  Windows 95 is a new operational system with an easy interface based on the expanding windows principle which uses icons to graphically represent files and their types. Wind

Exercise 2 Which of the listed above statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
1) An «icon» is graphical image that represents file and its type. 2) Second button is not used in Windows 95 because most people use 1-button mouse. 3) There are no similarities

Причастие настоящего времени
(Participle I) Причастие I (причастие настоящего времени), образованное при помощи окончания –ing, имеет активную и страдательную формы.  

Определения
The book translated from English is very interest­ing. — Книга, переведеннаяс английского языка, интересная. 2. Обстоятельств

Свойства глагола у герундия
1. Герундий имеет следующие формы времени и залога:     Active Passive Indefinite

Употребление герундия
1. После следующих глаголов без предлогов: a) to begin, to start, to finish, to stop, to continue, to keep (продолжать) и др. Please keepsendingus transfers at

Перевод герундия на русский язык
Герундий может переводиться на русский язык: 1. существительным We are interested inbuying these goods Мы заинтересованы в покупке этих товаров

Сравнение герундия и причастия
Формы герундия совпадают с формами причастия. Герундий от причастия отличается: 1) по функции в предложении. Герундий может быть любым членом предложения, причастие — толь

Text A. INTRODUCTION TO THE WWW AND THE INTERNET
  Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, governmen

Exercise 2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
1) There are still not so many users of the Internet. 2) There is information on all sorts of topics on the Internet, including education and weather forecasts. 3) People can comm

Text B HISTORY AND FUTURE OF THE INTERNET.
  The Internet technology was created by Vinton Cerf in early 1973 as part of a project headed by Robert Kahn and conducted by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, part of the Unite

Text C. A LOT OF KNOWLEDGE IS A DANGEROUS THING FOR ADDICTS OF THE INTERNET.
  Information is becoming the drug of the Nineties. The research, conducted among 1,000 managers in Britain, America, Europe and the Far East shows that, as information sourc

WE LOVE COMPUTERS
It's official - Americans, Asians and Europeans are spending more and more time with their computers. Business executives take their laptops everywhere, teens spend an increasing amount of time glu

Could you pass the British GCSE*in technology exam?
Answer the following questions: 1. What is meant by a computer network? 2. Why should you change your password regularly? 3. Why do you need to type your

Инфинитив с относящимися к нему словами образует инфини­тивный оборот.
. В предложении инфинитив или инфинитивный оборот мо­жет быть:   1) подлежащим (переводится существительным или неопределен­ной формой глагола):

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences where the infinitive is
а) the subject: 1. То train highly qualified scientific workersis extremely impor­tant for the development of science. 2. To study this phenomenon

Text A. WE LOVE COMPUTERS
It's official - Americans, Asians and Europeans are spending more and more time with their computers. Business executives take their laptops everywhere, teens spend an increasing amount of time glu

Text B. FUTUER OF COMPUTERS.
Computers and telecommunications are already giving us access to large amounts of information. This is increasing our brain power, just as steam engines increased our power. As computers become mor

When you compare computers to people the advantages are even more obvious.
· Computers do not have the instincts to fight which people seem to have. · It takes only a few seconds to load a program into a computer but years to educate a human. · When comp

Text C. COMPUTERS CONCERN YOU.
When Ch. Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he could hardly have imagined the situations we find ourselves in today. Almost

Text D. COMPUTER GAMES.
Computer games are becoming more and more popular- some say too popular. But where do they come from? How do they work? Ruth Gates investigates for CLUB. Battle with an alien spacecraft. W

Exercise 1. What is the procedure of creating a computer game? Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
a) You should repeat instructions thousands of times. b) You should find a story for a game. c) You have a computer game. d) You should work out each section of the game.

Exercise 1.Translate the sentences.
1. The high level of nuclear physics research made it possible for Russia to become the first country to start using atomic energy for peaceful purposes. 2. The economic development of the

Exercise 2.Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words make and cause.
а) I. It is obvious that if an electron absorbs energy, this energy will makeit pass from one orbit to another. 2. While makingcalculations the engineer

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
Специальность 220201 «Управление и информатика в технических системах Очно-заочная форма обучения