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По дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК»
По дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» - раздел Иностранные языки, Министерство Образования И Науки Российской Федерации Федеральное Аг...
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (филиал)
Государственного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования
«Московский инженерно-физический институт (государственный университет»
(г. Лесной)
КАФЕДРА
ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
И.В. ПЛЮХИНА
по дисциплине «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» для студентов специальности «Управление и информатика в технических системах» очно-заочной формы обучения.UNIT 1.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING.
Text A. CHARLES BABBAGE.
(1792 – 1871)
The Englishman designed the first modern digital computer, but he never built it. He did build other useful devices, though, including a submarine.
CHARLES BABBAGE, MASTER INVENTOR.
English mathematician Charles Babbage designed the first modern computer in the 1830’s. He called it an analytical engine. If Babbage had been able to get enough money to build the computer, the analytical engine would have been as big as a…Exercise 1. Choose the sentence according to the text.
a) Babbage built the first modern digital computer.
b) Babbage designed the first digital computer.
с) Babbage did not build any useful devices.
Exercise 2. Complete the sentence according to the text.
1. Babbage called the device designed by him…
a) analytical engine
b) modern computer
c) information machine
2. This Englishman lived in the…
a) 17th century
b) 18th century
c) 19th century
Exercise 3. Choose the sentence which doesn't correspond to the text.
a) Babbage invented a railroad signal system.
b) Babbage built a submarine.
c) He didn't love to work with math problems.
d) Babbage designed a forerunner of today's digital computers.
Exercise 4. Choose the proper answer to the question according to the text.
Did Babbage eventually become a professor at Harvard University ? a) No, he became a professor at Cambridge University.Vocabulary
Pong – понг (электронная телевизионная игра) craze - повальное увлечение to scale down - уменьшатьExercise 1. Choose the sentence according to the text.
a) During the 1950's and 1960’s computers improved very little.
b) The videogame craze began in 1962.
c) Only big businesses, universities and the military had computers in the 60’s.
Exercise 2. Complete the sentence according to the text.
Two players sat in front of a TV screen and …
a) hit the ball with a point of light on the screen
b) hit the knobs on a cabinet
c) manipulate the ball with the help of inch-long "paddles".
Exercise 3. Choose the sentence which doesn't correspond to the text.
a) Bushnell created his first. Pong games with the help of the latest technology.
b) Bushnell loved to tinker with machines.
c) In 1972 Bushnell founded Atari Inc. in Sunny vale, Calif., to build Pong games.
d) He built his first Pong Games with his own two hands and a soldering iron.
Exercise 4. Choose the proper answer to the question according to the text.
How many Pong games were there in American homes by 1975? a) 150,000Howard Aiken A Step Toward Today
Aiken's Mark I was the first working digital binary computer. It used thousands of electrical switches that clicked on and off to compute data. When… Howard Aiken grew up poor in Indianapolis, Ind. He had to work his way through… Aiken, like Charles Babbage, had a prickly personality. While his computer, the Mark I, was being built, he drove the…Exercise 1. Complete the sentence according to the text.
1. Howard Aiken thought ...
a) there would never be enough work for computers.
b) that computers would be a part. of our future.
c) that people wouldn't do without computers in the nearest future
2. Howard Aiken was …
a) a good fortune-teller.
b) right as far as future application of computers was concerned.
Exercise 2. Chose the sentences which doesn't correspond to the text
a) Harvard University physicist H. Aiken built the forerunner of today's computer.
b) The first working digital binary computer used thousands of electrical switches.
c) Aiken's Mark was quicker than later computers with electronic components.
Exercise 3. Choose the proper answer to the question according to the text.
For what purpose was the Mark I used ?
a) The Mark I was used the U S Navy.
b) The Mark I was used to solve the complex equations in the Universities.
c) The Mark I was used for making electronic components.
Text D : STEVE WOZNIAK (BORN IN 1950)
AND
STEVEN JOBS (BORN IN 1955)
Working out of a garage, the young video game fanatics invented the Apple computer in 1976. The age of home computers was born.
One of Atari’s early employees was 19 -year-old Steven Jobs. He and a friend, Steve Wozniak, who worked for another computer company, both loved video games.
Jobs and Wozniak dreamed of a personal computer, one that could do more than play games. From this dream, Apple Computer Company started in family garage.
In 1977 Jobs and Wozniak sold their first Apple II, which launched the personal computer industry. By 1985 they had sold more than two million Apple II’s.
The Apple II was more than a toy. People could use it to write letters, keep financial records and teach their children. And, yes, they could play games on it.
The Apple II evolved into today's high- tech Macintosh computers. These computers popularized the use of the mouse, the hand-controlled device that moves the cursor on a computer display.
Text E: BILL GATES (BORN IN 1955)
He created the first software - the programs that help personal computers process different information. As founder of Microsoft Inc., he is now one of the richest men in America.
Bill Gates, the Software King
Gates was born in Seattle, Wash., in 1955. As a boy, he was bright and curious. He was active in Scouting, reaching Life Scout rank in Troop 186. He… But Gates was obsessed with computers. While a student at Harvard University… Thanks to Microsoft, Gates is now one of the richest men in America. He is worth more than $ 8 billion.PC = personal computer
security system - система безопасности
Exercise 1. Choose the sentence which doesn't correspond to the text
a) Bill Gates was keen on computers.
b) Bill was captured with the ideas of developing computers.
c) Bill was not curious about computers.
Exercise 2. Arrange the sentences properly according to the text.
a) Gates and Alien developed a computer language.
b) As a boy Gates was bright and curious.
c) While a student at Harvard University Gates was obsessed with computers.
d) Gates went on to develop operating systems.
e) Most of the computers in the world use software invented by Bill Gates.
Exercise 3. Complete the sentence according to the text.
Software is.....
a) a computer language for the personal computer.
b) the way we work and even the way we are educated.
c) the set of programs that make computers perform tasks.
Text E. TYPES OF COMPUTERS.
The largest computers are called mainframe computers. They are found in the head offices of banks and other large companies. Many of the bills that… Mainframe computers use a great deal of energy and give off a lot of heat.…From mainframe to microcomputer
Minicomputers cannot store as much data as mainframes but are more powerful…Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
GRAMMAR.
Формы страдательного залога английских глаголов образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе… Present Indefinite: The letteris written.Past Indefinite: The letterwas…Exercise2. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глаголы в нужные формы страдательного
1. Those books (return) to the library yesterday. 2. The paintings (exhibit)…UNIT 2.
COMPUTER EQUIPMENT.
Text A. Computers
Computer is an electronic device that can receive a program (a set of instructions) and then carry out this program by calculating numerical information.
The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the computer. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.
Personal computers
Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances,… Personal computers were made possible by two technical innovations in the… Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a…Exercise1. Read the text and answer the questions
- What are personal computers used for?
- What technical innovations made computers possible?
- How did computers change in 1990s?
Text B.WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
• Hardware • Software • PeopleText C. HARDWARE
What is hardware? Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware — the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices composing a computer system.
Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:
1) input hardware
2) processing hardware
3) storage hardware
4) output hardware.
Input hardware
The light penuses a light sensitive photoelectric cell to signal screen position to the computer. Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic…Processing hardware
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing… Memoryis the system of component of the computer in which information is… RAM(random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating loading, and running programs and for…Storage hardware
Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data. Floppy disk (diskette) — thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with… CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized read-only data can be…Output hardware
Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc. Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or… Modem is an example of communication hardware — an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to…Exercise 2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
2) The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. 3) Scanner is used to input graphics only. 4) The purpose of processing hardware is to retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions…Exercise 3. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary
2) ROM 3) Floppy-disk 4) CD-ROMAdditional text.
Exercise 1. Natasha, an experienced computer user, has recently bought a CD-ROM drive unit. She enjoys using it. But she regularly nukes three mistakes. Read the safeguards in English, the girl's description of her work in the letter to her pen-friend in Russian and find these mistakes.
He так давно я купила замечательное восьмискоростное устройство для работы с компакт-дисками. Мне часто приходится работать с компьютером. Мой друг, который хорошо разбирается в компьютерах и знает английский язык, помог мне правильно
подсоединить его к компьютеру, строго следуя инструкциям. Он меня предупредил, что нужно строго следовать инструкции. Ему пришлось установить специальную розетку для устройства. Он рассказал мне, что нельзя ставить устройство и компьютер вблизи
источников тепла, и я это строго выполняю. Мне приходится очень много работать, и, чтобы снизить вредное излучение от монитора, я ставлю на компьютер кактусы. Кроме того, это создает уютную обстановку и удобно, так как их не надо часто поливать. Иногда для работы мне нужно много книг, журналов, справочников. Компьютер часто завален книгами. Мне не хватает места. Мне приходится ставить компьютер и все устройства на пол. Но это не страшно, так как на полу лежит толстый мягкий ковер. Я слежу за тем, чтобы шнур не попадал ни под какие предметы. Я знаю, что, если произойдут какие-то сбои в работе техники, лучше обратиться за помощью к профессионалу. Но пока все в порядке. И я получаю удовольствие от работы. Особенно, когда работаешь, и рядом стоит чашечка горячего крепкого кофе.
Text D. CD-ROM DRIVE UNIT E2850
Important Safeguards
1. Read Instructions - All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the product is operated.
2. Retain Instructions - The safety and operation instructions should be retained for future reference.
3. Heed Warnings - All warnings on the product and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.
4. Follow Instructions - All operating and use instructions should be followed.
5. Water and Moisture - The product should not be used near water, for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool, etc.
6. Carts and Stands - The product should be used only with a cart or stand that is recommended by the manufacturer.
A product and cart combination should be moved with care. Quick stops, excessive force, and uneven surfaces may cause the product and cart
combination to overturn.
7. Mounting - The product should be mounted into a computer or a product only as recommended by the manufacturer.
8. Ventilation - The product should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation. For example, the product should not be situated on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface that may block the ventilation openings; or, placed in a built-in installation, such as a bookcase or cabinet that may impede the flow of air through the ventilation openings.
9. Heat - The product should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat resistors, stoves, or other appliances (including amplifiers) that produce heat.
10. Power Source - The product should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the product.
11. Power-Cord Protection - Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be pinched by items placed upon or against them, paying particular attention to cords at plugs convenience socket and/or jacks, and the point where they exit from the product.
12. Cleaning - The product should be cleaned only as recommended by the manufacturer.
13. Object and Liquid Entry - Care should be taken so that objects donot enter and liquids are not spilled into the enclosure through openings.
14. Damage Requiring Service -which is NOT covered under warranty - The product should be serviced by qualified service personnel when:
a) The power supply cord or the jack/plug has been damaged; or
b) Objects have entered, or liquid has spilled into the product; or
c) The product has been exposed to rain; or
d) The product does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance; or
e) The product has been dropped, or the enclosure damaged.
15. Servicing - The user should not attempt to service the product beyond that described in the operating instructions. All other servicing should be referred to qualified service person
GRAMMAR.
Модальные глаголы показывают отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному инфинитивом. Например, сравните: You can speak English. Вы можете (умеете)… Как видим, в одном и том же предложении изменение модального глагола меняет… Модальные глаголы не имеют форм во всех временах, для этого употребляются их эквиваленты (заменители).Модальный глагол can
could — прошедшее время предполагает наличие физической, умственной и прочих возможностей, позволяющих… I сап swim. — Я могу (я умею) плавать.Модальный глагол may
прошедшее время—might May I help you? — Можно вам помочь? —Yes, you may. — Да, можно. В будущем времени у модального глаголаmay есть заменитель — конструкцияto be allowed to (получить разрешение сделать…Модальный глагол must
You must write it down now. — Вы должны написать это сейчас. Заменителями глагола must являются глаголы to have to и to be to, которые… She had to stay at home. — Она вынуждена была (ей пришлось) остаться дома.Модальный глагол should
В сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом глагол should выражает сожаление о невыполненном действии и переводится «следовало бы». You should have helped them. Вам следовало бы помочь им. (Но вы не сделали… You should have helped them.Вам следовало помочь им.Модальный глагол would
Модальный глаголwould может иметь следующие значения:
1) Вежливая просьба.Would you help me? He поможете ли вы мне?
2) Повторяемость действия в прошлом. Не would often help me. Он, бывало, часто помогал мне.
3) Стойкое нежелание совершать какие-либо действия.Не wouldn't listen to me. Он никак не хотел слушать меня.
Модальный глагол need
Модальный глаголneed — «нужно, надо» употребляется, в основном, в отрицательных предложениях.You needn't do it now. Вам не нужно делать это сейчас.
Модальный глагол shall
Exercise 1. Переведите предложения. Проанализируйте употребление модальных… 1. Who is to answer my question?UNIT 3.
MODERN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES.
Text A: OPERATING SYSTEMS
Today, operating systems control and manage the use of hardware devices such as the printer or mouse. They also provide disk management by letting… DOSis the most commonly used PC operating system. DOS is an abbreviation for… The version of DOS release in 1981 was 1.0. Over the past decade, DOS has undergone several changes. Each time the DOS…Exercise 3. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
2) The operational system controls and manages the use of the hardware and the memory. 3) There are no commands available in operating systems, they are only in… 4) Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete with IBM's PC-DOS.Text B. WINDOWS
Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a software program that makes your IBM PC (or compatible) easy to use. It does this by simplifying the… The word interface refers to the way you give your computer commands, the way… Usually the interface between you and the computer consists of the screen and the keyboard: you interact with the…Exercise 1.Read and translate the text.
Text C. WINDOWS 95.
Windows 95 is a new operational system with an easy interface based on the expanding windows principle which uses icons to graphically represent… Windows 95 makes the way you and your computer interact easy. Most everyday… Your computer probably will crash less running Windows 95 than it did with Windows 3.1 and 3.0 or even DOS. Most…Exercise 2 Which of the listed above statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
2) Second button is not used in Windows 95 because most people use 1-button mouse. 3) There are no similarities between Macintosh and Windows 95 desktop tools. … 4) Windows 95 has some tools which help to communicate with other people through computer network.GRAMMAR.
Причастие настоящего времени
Причастие I (причастие настоящего времени), образованное при помощи окончания –ing, имеет активную и страдательную формы. несовершенный вид совершенный вид … Причастие I употребляется в функции:Определения
2. Обстоятельства (причины и времени) Given the task he began to work. — Когда ему дали задание, он начал работать. When heated the polymer changed its properties completely. – Когда полимер… Если перед причастием прошедшего времени в функции обстоятельства стоят союзы if, when, as, то оно переводится на…Свойства глагола у герундия
Active Passive Indefinite writing being written Perfect having… Indefinite Gerund выражает процесс в наиболее общем виде и действие,… We prefer informingclients by e-mail.Свойства существительного у герундия
1. Герундий может определяться притяжательным местоимением или существительным в притяжательном падеже:
I insist on his (the inspector's) coming as soon as possible.
Я настаиваю на том, чтобы он (инспектор) приехал как можно скорее.
2. Перед герундием может стоять предлог:
On receiving a letter we shall immediately take action.
По получении письма мы немедленно примем меры.
Употребление герундия
a) to begin, to start, to finish, to stop, to continue, to keep (продолжать) и др. Please keepsendingus transfers at this address. Пожалуйста, продолжайте… b) to like, to enjoy, to prefer, to mind, to excuse, to remember, to forget, to suggest, to avoid, to need, to want,…Перевод герундия на русский язык
1. существительным We are interested inbuying these goods Мы заинтересованы в покупке этих товаров.Сравнение герундия и причастия
1) по функции в предложении. Герундий может быть любым членом предложения, причастие — только определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого. … Если предложение начинается словом с окончанием -ing, следует помнить, что оно…UNIT 4.
THE INTERNET.
Text A. INTRODUCTION TO THE WWW AND THE INTERNET
Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of topics in a wide variety of areas… The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it's not a collection… All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio…Exercise 2. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
2) There is information on all sorts of topics on the Internet, including education and weather forecasts. 3) People can communicate through e-mail and chat programs only. 4) Internet is tens of thousands of networks which exchange the information in the same basic way.Text B HISTORY AND FUTURE OF THE INTERNET.
The Internet technology was created by Vinton Cerf in early 1973 as part of a project headed by Robert Kahn and conducted by the Advanced Research…Text C. A LOT OF KNOWLEDGE IS A DANGEROUS THING FOR ADDICTS OF THE INTERNET.
Information is becoming the drug of the Nineties. The research, conducted among 1,000 managers in Britain, America, Europe and… The quest for information can lead to stress. Almost two-thirds said their leisure time had been curtailed as a result…Text D. INTERNET ADDICTION
Last week, in a private rehabilitation clinic outside Edinburgh, Leo Edwards, a sixteen-year-old schoolboy, was going through severe withdrawal symptoms. His body often shook violently and uncontrollably, and at mealtimes he regularly threw cups and plates around the dining room. The boy's addiction had nothing to do with alcohol, drugs, gambling or food. His problem was 'Net obsession' - an over- dependency on the Internet.
An international group of psychologists has recently suggested that anyone who surfs the Internet for long periods is clinically ill and needs medical treatment. According to their report, Internet addicts should be treated in the same way as alcoholics, drug addicts, compulsive gamblers and people with eating disorders.
Leo Edwards is not an isolated case. Russell Hopkins, aged fifteen, from Gateshead in north-east England, is a typical online addict. Every day after school, and after dinner until three or four in the morning, he will be found in his room surfing the Net or playing computer games. By the end of the day he will have spent more than six hours online. Understandably, his parents are extremely worried. Not only has his school work suffered, but Russell's addiction has also destroyed his social life and his spare- time interests. For instance, he has just dropped out of his I school's basketball team in order to spend more time at his computer. Instead of spending next weekend having a good time out with friends, he'll be spending it indoors surfing the Internet.
Russell has recently joined an Internet online support group. It may seem ironic that many of the support groups for Internet addicts are online but at least Russell has sought help. Not everyone does. Dr Ann Hoffman, who runs an online support group, says 'People don't realise that being online for more than four hours a day amounts to addiction and that they have a serious problem. I predict that the number of people who join online support groups will have risen dramatically within three years.'
WE LOVE COMPUTERS
Many new computers come equipped with a wireless LAN (local area network) card. This means you can surf the net without being plugged into a… But is it a good thing to constantly be on a computer and be a complete…Could you pass the British GCSE*in technology exam?
1. What is meant by a computer network? 2. Why should you change your password regularly? 3. Why do you need to type your password in twice when you change it?Read the text and answer the questions.
1. How did Leo respond to withdrawal from the Internet?
2. What do some psychologists compare Internet addicts to?
3. How is Russell a typical Internet addict?
4. What two things has he stopped doing?
5. What does Dr Hoffman predict?
Exercise 2. Discuss
1. Do you think that Internet addiction is possible?
2. How would you stop or prevent this kind of addiction?
GRAMMAR.
Инфинитив (The Infinitive).
Инфинитив, или неопределенная форма глагола, отвечая на вопрос что делать? или что сделать? Показателем инфинитива является частицаto. В английском языке существуют простаяи сложная формы инфинитива.
| Indefinite | Active | Passive | Выражают действия, одновременныес действием глагола-сказуемого. |
| to write | to be written | ||
| Continuous | to be writing | — | |
| Perfect | to have written | to have been written | Выражают действия,предшествующиедействию глагола-сказуемого, и переводятся прошедшимвременем. |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been writing | — |
Инфинитив с относящимися к нему словами образует инфинитивный оборот.
1) подлежащим (переводится существительным или неопределенной формой…Exercise 1. Make Passive Infinitive from the following verbs and translate both forms.
Model: to read – to be read
читать – быть прочитанным
To install – to be installed
устанавливать – быть установленным
to increase, to find, to grow, to send, to consider, to carry out, to connect, to break, to build, to freeze, to cut, to purify, to fill
Exercise 2. Translate the sentences where the infinitive is
1. То train highly qualified scientific workersis extremely important for the development of science. 2. To study this phenomenonrequires much knowledge. b) the part of the predicate :UNIT 5.
COMPUTERS IN OUR LIVE.
Text A. WE LOVE COMPUTERS
Many new computers come equipped with a wireless LAN (local area network) card. This means you can surf the net without being plugged into a… But is it a good thing to constantly be on a computer and be a complete… Exercise 1. Could you pass the British GCSE*in technology exam? Answer the following questions:Text B. FUTUER OF COMPUTERS.
Well, computers certainly have many advantages over life. They can: · process large amounts of information quickly · be switched off for years, then start to work perfectly when they are switched back on (very handy for travelling…Furthermore
· Electronics is much simpler than life's chemistry and does not need liquid water
· Unlike animals, which rely on plants to turn sunlight into chemical energy, semiconductors (the material that computers are made from) can turn sunlight directly into electricity.
When you compare computers to people the advantages are even more obvious.
· It takes only a few seconds to load a program into a computer but years to educate a human. · When computers get out of date their information can be passed to new… For all these reasons computers will be more successful and important than life many thousands of years in the future.…Text C. COMPUTERS CONCERN YOU.
In fact, computers can do many things we do, but faster and better. They can control machines at factories, work out tomorrow’s weather and even… Let’s look now at some of the ways in which computers concern people in their… Many people associate computers with the world of science and mathematics, but they are also of great help to scholars…Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using the information from the text
a) The first calculating machine was invented …
b) Computers are being used very extensively because …
c) A modern computer can …
d) Computers are of great help …
e) Some day libraries …
f) A computer control can be of great help …
Text D. COMPUTER GAMES.
Battle with an alien spacecraft. Win the World Cup for your country. Use your skill and cunning to find your way through ancient castles. Yes, this… Few people know more about computer games than Jon Ritman, a well-known… It takes a lot of careful and logical planning. At first he doesn't know what the characters or story will be. You…Exercise 1. What is the procedure of creating a computer game? Arrange the following sentences in the correct order.
b) You should find a story for a game. c) You have a computer game. d) You should work out each section of the game.Exercise 1.Translate the sentences.
2. The economic development of the BAM zone a whole series of problems to be solved. 3. The construction of the Baikal-Amur railway allowed new towns, settlements… 4. It is necessary to have a force to cause electrons to move from their orbits.Exercise 2.Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words make and cause.
2. While makingcalculations the engineer madesome mistakes. 3. Russian physicists madesome interesting reports at the last international… 4. This part of the device should be made of aluminium since it is to be light.CONTENTS.
1. UNIT 1. __________________________________ p. 2
2. UNIT 2. __________________________________ p. 10
3. UNIT 3. __________________________________ p. 20
4. UNIT 4.___________________________________ p. 30
5. UNIT 5.___________________________________ p. 37
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Очно-заочная форма обучения Множительная мастерская Технологического института (филиала)– Конец работы –
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