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TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS

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TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS - раздел Образование, UNIT 1 First impressions count! Exercise 17.Classify The Following Industries As Prima...

Exercise 17.Classify the following industries as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

Agriculture; commercial fishing; government activity; hotel industries; mass media; mining; public education; public health service; railroad; retail stores; the aerospace industry; the airline industry; the armed forces; the automobile industry; the banking; the beverage industry; the clothing industry; the construction industry; the electronic industry; the engineering industry; the food processing industry; the forest industry; the gas industry; the heavy machinery industry; the manufacturing industries; the music industry; the oil industry; the restaurant industries; the steel industry; the textile industry; the trucking industries; the woodworking industry; tourist industry; trash disposal.

Exercise 18. Define the type of relationship existing between the following people in RAYCON Ltd (chart p. 39).

1. Assistant Work Manager – Supervisors

2. Chief Designer – Personnel Manager

3. Managing Director – Company Secretary

4. Marketing Manager – Sales Office Manager

5. Personnel Director – Administration Manager

6. Personnel Director – Works Manager

7. Production Director – Progress Chaser

8. Production Manager – Production Planner

9. Production Planner – Publicity Manager

10. R&D Director – Chief Designer / Chief Researcher

11. R&D Director – Financial Director

12. Sales Manager – Area Sales Manager / Area Office Manager / Sales Office Manager

13. Sales Manager – Production Manager

14. Supervisor – Representative

15. Works Manager – Assistant Works Manager

Exercise 19. Match each definition in column B with the proper name in column A.

A		B
Partnership	a	firm based in a tax haven to avoid higher taxation
Minority interest	b	company in which another firm has less than 50 per cent interest
Society	c	organization which is part of the state administration
Enterprise	d	company owned by the state
Limited company	e	company whose shares are publicly available
Cooperative	f	firm owned by a parent company
Multinational	g	company whose shares are not publicly available
Parent company	h	organization operating to make profit
Subsidiary (affiliate)	i	friendly association of people, for example, a sports society (society = firm)
Holding company	j	firm, usually without commercial activity, created to be parent to other companies
Public company	k	company which owns another
Private company	l	two or more partners working together for profit, without limited liability
Nationalized company	m	organization to relieve poverty, advance religion, or education, etc. benefits from some financial conclusions
Government agency	n	firm where shareholders’ liability is limited
Charity	o	democratic firm owned by its workers
Offshore company	p	organization operating in several countries

Exercise 20. Who’s responsible for Business Systems?

Below is a diagram showing the structure of a ‘mixed’ type of multinational company based in the USA: some activities are organised into domestic, regional and international divisions, other into world-wide divisions.

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Domestic Domestic World-wide Pacific International Corporate

Telecom- Business Defence Division Division Staff

Munications Systems Systems (Telecommu- (Telecom- (Corporate

Division division Division nications and munications Planning,

Business and Business etc.)

Systems) Systems other

than in the

Pacific region)

Now write questions and answers using responsible for/comes under.

Example: Who’s responsible for Business Systems in the Pacific? – That comes under the Pacific Division.

a) Corporate Planning __________________________________________________

b) Defence Systems in Africa ____________________________________________

c) Telecommunications in the USA ________________________________________

d) Business Systems in Europe ___________________________________________

e) Telecommunications in SE Asia ________________________________________

Exercise 21. You’ll have to see the Production people about that!

Below is a part of the structure of your company. It is a medium-sized subsidiary of a UK parent company.

Members of the Group Internal Audit team are visiting your firm, and you must help the auditors by answering their questions.

Example: You hear: I have a question about the company’s sales budget.

You reply: You’ll have to see the Sales people about it.

a) I have a question about the company’s sales budget.

b) Could you help me? It’s about last year’s development costs.

c) I’d like to know exactly when you delivered these goods.

d) Our Computer Audit team wants to visit you soon. Who should I ask about it?

e) Do you have purchase contracts with all your suppliers?

f) I’d like to discuss these cash-flow forecasts. Who do you think could help me?

Exercise 22. Who’s the boss?

The following diagram is called an organization chart (or family tree). It shows the chain of command in organization. We can say that the Vice-President, Corporate Development is responsible to/reports to the President and Chief Executive Officer.

Can you make similar statements about the chain of command, by completing the following sentences?

a) The Vice-President, Finance ________________________

b) The President, Automotive Operations _______________________

c) The President and Chief Executive Officer _____________________

d) The Senior Vice-President, Corporate Staffs _____________________

e) The Chairman of the Board _______________________________

Exercise 23.Study some of the language used to describe an organization in terms of: hierarchy; responsibilities/functions, titles, affiliates, structure.

Hierarchy

MD (Managing Director)

The company is headed by the MD.

The Sales Director reports to the MD.

The Sales Director is under the MD.

The Sales Director is accountable to the MD.

The Sales Director is supported by Sales team.

The Sales Director is assisted by a Sales Assistant.

Responsibilities / functions

The Finance Department is responsible for accounting.

The R&D Department takes care of new product development.

The Administration Manager is in charge of personnel.

Titles

Below are the main managerial titles with US equivalents in brackets:

Chairman (President)

Managing Director (Chief Executive Officer/Senior Vice-president)

Finance Director (Vice-President Finance)

Sales Manager (Sales Director)

Note

The Directors and Chairman of a company usually sit on the Board of Directors (Executive Board).

Structure

Affiliates

X is parent company.

A, B and C are subsidiaries (more than 50 % owned by the parent).

A (51%)

B (70%)

C (55%)

Exercise 24. Read the text about Rossomon PLC and complete the organisation chart below.

I’d like to say a few words about the organisational structure of Rossomon. Now, if you look at the transparency you will see that the Managing Director, that is Mr. Bunce, is responsible for running the company and is accountable to the Board.

Now, he is assisted by four executive departments. These are Human Resources, which is responsible for personnel, training and management development, then there is the Finance Department which takes care of corporate finance and accounting; next we have the Management Services Department, led by Peter Jenkins who is in charge of rationalisation throughout the company; and finally there is R&D Department – research and development – which works closely with 4 regions on new product development.

Now then, the four regions are supported by two sections – Marketing and Technical Services. They are organised on a matrix basis with section leaders accountable to the Regional Managers. They work closely with the regions on the marketing and technical side.

Now, in addition to the parent company, Rossomon has three subsidiaries, namely Rossomon France, Germany and Japan. The subsidiaries report to Export Sales Department, which in turn is accountable to the Board.

Right, well that’s a brief overview. Are there any questions?

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UNIT 1 First impressions count!

At some point in life everyone has to write business correspondence of some... Business correspondence generates more paper world wide than any other form of written communication Even the e mail...

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HEADED NOTEPAPER
Nearly all businesses, and many private individuals, have a printed letterheading on their paper. Like all other parts of the letter, the heading should present a suitable image, and give all the n

SETTING OUT YOUR LETTER
It is important to achieve a good balance between the size of the sheet of paper and what is to be written on it. It will detract from the overall appearance if the first sheet is closely spaced, a

Figure 2
1 Sender’s address Bredgade 51 DK 1260 Copenhagen K DENMARK 2Date 26 May 20— 3 Inside address

SURNAME KNOWN
As a guide to use of first names and/or initials, follow the recipient’s preferred style as indicated by past correspondence. Always use a courtesy title, and copy the spelling of names carefully.

DEPARTMENT KNOWN
Alternatively, you can address your letter to a particular department of the company, e.g. The Sales Department, The Accounts Department. In both these cases an organisation name s

ORDER OF INSIDE ADDRESS
This should be copied carefully from the previous correspondence if available and should be the same as the address to be used on the envelope. Avoid using abbreviations for road or town names, alt

BODY OF THR LETTER
Sometimes it is difficult to think of suitable words with which to start the letter. In general, you should always refer to any previous correspondence in the first paragraph and also try to get to

Table 1
TITLE STATUS COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE Mr married or unmarried male Yours sincerely

SIGNATURE
Letters will usually bear the signature of the writer. Always type your name and, if relevant, your job title, below your handwritten signature. This is known as the signature block. Even th

Figure 3
1 Letterhead Compuvision Ltd Warwick House Warwick Street Forest Hill London SE23 1JF Telephone +44(0)20 8

PER PRO
The abbreviation p.p. sometimes appears in signature blocks. It means per pro, i.e. for and on behalf of, and is used by administrators or personal assistants when signing lett

DESPATCH METHOD
Sometimes it may be useful to indicate the despatch method to be used, such as: Recorded Delivery, Registered Post, Airmail, or Courier Delivery. Type this in capitals a

Figure 4
Compuvision Ltd Warwick House Warwick Street Forest Hill London SE23 1JF Telephone +44(0)20 8566 1861 Facsim

Figure 6
42 Botley Close, Colebourn, RIPON, Yorks, R18 7QS. Your Rcf: 5/12A 17th May 2000 Messrs Brown &

Figure 7
42 Botlcy Close, Colebourn, RIPON, Yorks, R18 7QS Your ref: 5/12A 17th May 2000 Messrs Brown & Page (Bu

ADDRESSING ENVELOPES
Envelope addresses are written in a similar way to inside addresses. But in the case of letters within or for the UK, the name of the town and the country are written in capital letters, and the po

Figure 11
Dear Sir Thank you for your enquiry. We have a wide selection of watches which we are sure you will like. We will be sending a catalogue

Figure 13
Dear Sir / Madam We are interested in your security systems. We would like to know more about the prices and discounts you offer. A bus

SIMPLICITY
Check that all the words you have used mean what you intend them to mean. Think carefully whether they will be understood by the reader, and whether they are suitable for the type of letter you are

Figure 15
Dear Sir/Madam I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th inst. in connection with our not clearing our account, which was o

Figure 17
Dear Mr Rohn I've already written to you concerning your debt of £1,994. This should have been cleared three months

Table 2
INAPPROPRIATE FORM PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE you’ve probably guessed you are probably aware you’ll ge

ABBREVIATIONS AND INITIALS
Abbreviations can be useful because they are quick to write and easy to read. But both correspondents need to know what the abbreviations stand for. The abbreviations CIF and FOB

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Industry, in a general sense, the production of goods and services in an economy. The term industry also refers to a group of enterprises (private businesses or government-operated corporations) th

PEPLIES TO ENQUIRIES
A reply to an enquiry from a regular customer is normally fairly brief, and does not need to be more than polite and direct. Provided the supplier is in a position to meet his correspondent’s requi

Catalogues and samples
M. Gerard wrote to R.G. Electronics to enquire about CDs (see Figure 20). He implied that his store was a large one, that he was only interested in high-quality products, and that

MARKING
There are 3 principal types of marking which may have to he done on export packages: 1. The consignees’ own distinctive marks. 2. Any official mark required by authorities.

Specimens of marks
1 K R LTV Durban X Brisbane FOREIGN PRODUCE OF SOUTH AFRICA Net weight 100 kg. Dimensions Gr

Figure 30
Exporter informs prospective customer of packing and marking procedures. The buyer (

Figure 31
The buyer sends the instructions for packing and marking.

Reply to the letter of instruction about packing
When payment has been arranged and documents surrendered to the bank which confirms the credi

Figure 44
STATEMENT Rather than requiring immediate payment of invoices, suppliers may offer credit in the fo

Figure 46
1. Currency and value of the bill of exchange in figures. 2. Date the bill is comple

Main paragraph (typed) signature
(1) WIDGETRY LTD 6 Pine Estate, Westhornet, Bedfordshire, UB18 22BC. (2) Telephone 9017 23456 Telex X238WID Fax 9017 67893

Rossomon PLC

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Notice how you inform the company you are writing to how or where you heard about them: We hav

Enclosed leaflet pleasure in production supply
A.

Took advantage
a. Wholesaler’s special offer of woollen blankets b. An announcement

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Note these sentences : A cable or telex message would be the best method of communication, as/since we c

At your expense at your risk in full in response to
in touch with in (your/our) favour of assistance Exercise 78. Complete the followin

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Note the use of ‘With the exception of …’, and ‘which …’ ‘ We can join these three sentences using them. The merchandise seems to be in good order. No. 9 is not.

Discrepancy negligence quantity up to standard
Complaints are often received by companies who ship consignments overseas. These complaints are sometimes about the (1) …… of goods received. Perhaps not enough goods were sent, perhaps too many. A

LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Notice how these sentences express regret: We are very/extremely sorry to hear that two filing cabinets of the wr

Due to prompt short-shipped
Letters of adjustment should always be (1) … , or polite. You should express regret for any (2) … caused by your mistake, and it is a good idea to (3) … the buyer that you will correct the mistake,

In advance up-to-date
Exercise 94. The text of a letter replying to a complaint is given. Complete it, choosing from the alternativ

Column open submit
An invoice is a (1) …… , that is, a demand for payment. It can also be a (2) ……, a regular notice of a buyer’s account with a seller. The statement invoice is for buyers who have an (3) …… account

Talking about letters of credit
When an exporter and importer have done business for several years and there is a high degree oftrust(1) … between them security of payment is not an important issue. With a new cl

Dispatch v., n. (dispatch method)
38. DIY (Do It Yourself) 39. Doctor (Dr) 40. ea. (each) 41. enclose 42. enclosure (Enc./ Encl./ Enc/ Encs) 43. Esquire (Esq.) 44. etc. (et cete