SURNAME KNOWN - раздел Образование, UNIT 1 First impressions count! As A Guide To Use Of First Names And/or Initials, Follow The Recipient’S Pref...
As a guide to use of first names and/or initials, follow the recipient’s preferred style as indicated by past correspondence. Always use a courtesy title, and copy the spelling of names carefully.
If you know the name of the person you are writing to, write it as the first line of the address. Include either the person’s initial/s or his or her first given name, e.g. Mr J.E. Smith or Mr John Smith, NOT Mr Smith.
courtesy titles used in addresses are as follows:
– Mr (pronounced /’mista/) is the usual courtesy title for a man. The unabbreviated form Mister should not be used.
– Mrs (pronounced /’misiz/, no unabbreviated form) is used for a married woman.
– Miss (pronounced/’mis/, not an abbreviation) is used for an unmarried woman.
– Ms (pronounced /miz/ or /mss/, no unabbreviated form) is used for both married and unmarried women. It is advisable to use this form of address when you are unsure whether the woman you are writing to is married or not, or do not know which title she prefers.
– Messrs (pronounced /’mesaz/, abbreviation for French ‘Messieurs’, which is never used) is used occasionally for two or more men, e.g. Messrs P. Jones and B.L. Parker, but more commonly forms part of the name of a company, e.g. Messrs Collier, Clark & Co. It is rather old-fashioned.
Other courtesy titles include:
– academic or medical titles, e.g. Doctor (Dr), Professor (Prof.), etc. Dr or Doctor can be used for a man or woman and is used for persons holding a doctoral degree as well as medical doctors. Most consultant surgeons traditionally prefer the title Mr. Some medical doctors prefer the letters MD after their name: do not use both Dr and MD;
– military titles, e.g. Captain (Capt.), Major (Maj.), Colonel (Col.), General (Gen.);
– aristocratic titles, e.g. Sir, Dame, Lord, Lady. Sir means that the addressee is a knight, and is always followed by a first name (not initial) and surname, e.g. Sir John Brown, never Sir J. Brown or Sir Brown. It should not be confused with the salutation Dear Sir;
– clerical titles, e.g. The Reverend (The Rev.), Father (Fr.), Sister (Sr.). Protestant or Anglican clergy should be addressed as The Rev J (or John) Smith, not Rev Smith; Catholic clergy as Fr John Smith; nuns as Sr Mary, with any job description added afterwards, such as Sr Julia, Mother Superior.
Esq., abbreviation for Esquire, which indicated the status of ‘gentleman’ in the past,is seldom used now. It can only be used instead of Mr, and is placed after the name. Do not use Esq. and Mr at the same time, e.g. Bruce Hill Esq, NOT Mr Bruce Hill Esq.
NOTE that Esq can only be used if you know the first name or initial, so Mr is generally the best courtesy title to use for most male correspondents.
If a woman has indicated her preferred courtesy title on previous correspondence, you should use this.
All these courtesy titles, except Esq., are also used in salutations.
NOTE that a full stop is often used at the end of the abbreviation if it takes the form of the first few letters of the word, e.g. Prof. (Professor), but is not necessary if it takes the form of the first and last letter of the word, e.g. Dr (Doctor). However, some people prefer to write, e.g. Mr., Mrs., with a full stop. Again, whatever you choose to do, you should be consistent throughout your correspondence.
Sometimes letters denoting honours, qualifications or professions may be used after the name. Indeed, some people insist on it and they will indicate so by always using them on their own outgoing correspondence. There are accepted rules for the order in which these are given. If a person has a number of ‘letters’ it is usual to use only one or two of the most high-ranking ones, and university degrees or professional qualifications ate not usually included unless they are particularly relevant. For example, you may add ARIBA to an architect’s name when writing to him in his professional capacity, but you would be unlikely to add BSc to your landlord’s name just because you knew he had a degree.
If there is likely to be any confusion between a father and son who have the same first and surnames then it is possible to add Snr (senior) after the older man’s name or Jnr (junior) after the younger man’s name. It is a common practice in the USA but elsewhere some men may baulk at such a designation. In France it is common to use M. (monsieur) Andre Rouge, Pere (father) or M. Andre Rouge, Fils (son). Another solution is to use the man’s job title to show which man is to receive the letter, for example, John Smith, Chairman or John Smith, Managing Director.
In certain situations you may be unsure of the sex or status of a correspondent, particularly if you are corresponding for the first time with someone that you have not spoken to and who has not indicated these details in their correspondence. This is especially so with foreign names or names that can be used for either male or female, for example Lesley or Sam. If you cannot ask someone who knows the individual personally, then simply address them by their full name, without a courtesy title. It is quite permissible to address correspondence to, say, ‘Mabusak Randwhala’ or ‘Lesley Smith’; this is less likely to cause offence than an incorrect assumption of male or female, or of incorrect marital status. If this seems too informal, use the salutation ‘Dear Sir or Madam’ to balance it.
At some point in life everyone has to write business correspondence of some... Business correspondence generates more paper world wide than any other form of written communication Even the e mail...
Если Вам нужно дополнительный материал на эту тему, или Вы не нашли то, что искали, рекомендуем воспользоваться поиском по нашей базе работ:
SURNAME KNOWN
Что будем делать с полученным материалом:
Если этот материал оказался полезным ля Вас, Вы можете сохранить его на свою страничку в социальных сетях:
HEADED NOTEPAPER
Nearly all businesses, and many private individuals, have a printed letterheading on their paper. Like all other parts of the letter, the heading should present a suitable image, and give all the n
SETTING OUT YOUR LETTER
It is important to achieve a good balance between the size of the sheet of paper and what is to be written on it. It will detract from the overall appearance if the first sheet is closely spaced, a
Figure 2
1 Sender’s address Bredgade 51
DK 1260
Copenhagen K
DENMARK
2Date 26 May 20—
3 Inside address
DEPARTMENT KNOWN
Alternatively, you can address your letter to a particular department of the company, e.g. The Sales Department, The Accounts Department.
In both these cases an organisation name s
ORDER OF INSIDE ADDRESS
This should be copied carefully from the previous correspondence if available and should be the same as the address to be used on the envelope. Avoid using abbreviations for road or town names, alt
BODY OF THR LETTER
Sometimes it is difficult to think of suitable words with which to start the letter. In general, you should always refer to any previous correspondence in the first paragraph and also try to get to
Table 1
TITLE
STATUS
COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
Mr
married or unmarried male
Yours sincerely
SIGNATURE
Letters will usually bear the signature of the writer. Always type your name and, if relevant, your job title, below your handwritten signature. This is known as the signature block. Even th
Figure 3
1 Letterhead Compuvision Ltd Warwick House
Warwick Street
Forest Hill
London
SE23 1JF
Telephone +44(0)20 8
PER PRO
The abbreviation p.p. sometimes appears in signature blocks. It means per pro, i.e. for and on behalf of, and is used by administrators or personal assistants when signing lett
DESPATCH METHOD
Sometimes it may be useful to indicate the despatch method to be used, such as: Recorded Delivery, Registered Post, Airmail, or Courier Delivery. Type this in capitals a
Figure 4
Compuvision Ltd Warwick House
Warwick Street
Forest Hill
London
SE23 1JF
Telephone +44(0)20 8566 1861
Facsim
Figure 6
42 Botley Close,
Colebourn,
RIPON,
Yorks,
R18 7QS.
Your Rcf: 5/12A
17th May 2000
Messrs Brown &
Figure 7
42 Botlcy Close,
Colebourn,
RIPON,
Yorks,
R18 7QS
Your ref: 5/12A
17th May 2000
Messrs Brown & Page (Bu
ADDRESSING ENVELOPES
Envelope addresses are written in a similar way to inside addresses. But in the case of letters within or for the UK, the name of the town and the country are written in capital letters, and the po
Figure 11
Dear Sir
Thank you for your enquiry. We have a wide selection of watches which we are sure you will like. We will be sending a catalogue
Figure 13
Dear Sir / Madam
We are interested in your security systems. We would like to know more about the prices and discounts you offer.
A bus
SIMPLICITY
Check that all the words you have used mean what you intend them to mean. Think carefully whether they will be understood by the reader, and whether they are suitable for the type of letter you are
Figure 15
Dear Sir/Madam
I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th inst. in connection with our not clearing our account, which was o
Figure 17
Dear Mr Rohn
I've already written to you concerning your debt of £1,994. This should have been cleared three months
Table 2
INAPPROPRIATE FORM
PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE
you’ve probably guessed
you are probably aware
you’ll ge
ABBREVIATIONS AND INITIALS
Abbreviations can be useful because they are quick to write and easy to read. But both correspondents need to know what the abbreviations stand for.
The abbreviations CIF and FOB
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Industry, in a general sense, the production of goods and services in an economy. The term industry also refers to a group of enterprises (private businesses or government-operated corporations) th
PEPLIES TO ENQUIRIES
A reply to an enquiry from a regular customer is normally fairly brief, and does not need to be more than polite and direct. Provided the supplier is in a position to meet his correspondent’s requi
Catalogues and samples
M. Gerard wrote to R.G. Electronics to enquire about CDs (see Figure 20). He implied that his store was a large one, that he was only interested in high-quality products, and that
MARKING
There are 3 principal types of marking which may have to he done on export packages:
1. The consignees’ own distinctive marks.
2. Any official mark required by authorities.
Specimens of marks
1 K R LTV
Durban X
Brisbane
FOREIGN PRODUCE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Net weight 100 kg. Dimensions
Gr
Figure 30
Exporter informs prospective customer of packing and marking procedures.
The buyer (
Figure 31
The buyer sends the instructions for packing and marking.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Exercise 17.Classify the following industries as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Agriculture; commercial fishing; government activity; hotel industries; mass media;
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Note the use of ‘With the exception of …’, and ‘which …’ ‘ We can join these three sentences using them. The merchandise seems to be in good order. No. 9 is not.
Discrepancy negligence quantity up to standard
Complaints are often received by companies who ship consignments overseas. These complaints are sometimes about the (1) …… of goods received. Perhaps not enough goods were sent, perhaps too many. A
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Notice how these sentences express regret:
We are very/extremely sorry to hear that two filing cabinets of the wr
Due to prompt short-shipped
Letters of adjustment should always be (1) … , or polite. You should express regret for any (2) … caused by your mistake, and it is a good idea to (3) … the buyer that you will correct the mistake,
In advance up-to-date
Exercise 94. The text of a letter replying to a complaint is given. Complete it, choosing from the alternativ
Column open submit
An invoice is a (1) …… , that is, a demand for payment. It can also be a (2) ……, a regular notice of a buyer’s account with a seller. The statement invoice is for buyers who have an (3) …… account
Talking about letters of credit
When an exporter and importer have done business for several years and there is a high degree oftrust(1) … between them security of payment is not an important issue. With a new cl
Dispatch v., n. (dispatch method)
38. DIY (Do It Yourself)
39. Doctor (Dr)
40. ea. (each)
41. enclose
42. enclosure (Enc./ Encl./ Enc/ Encs)
43. Esquire (Esq.)
44. etc. (et cete
Хотите получать на электронную почту самые свежие новости?
Подпишитесь на Нашу рассылку
Наша политика приватности обеспечивает 100% безопасность и анонимность Ваших E-Mail
Новости и инфо для студентов