LANGUAGE PRACTICE - раздел Образование, UNIT 1 First impressions count!
1. Note The Use Of ‘With The Exception Of …’, And ‘...
1. Note the use of ‘With the exception of …’, and ‘which …’ ‘ We can join these three sentences using them. The merchandise seems to be in good order. No. 9 is not. It contains the wrong type of cabinet.
| The merchandise seems to be in good order, with the exception of No. 9, which contains the wrong type of cabinet.
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Do the same thing with the following sentences:
1. The packing cases arrived in good condition. No. 5 did not. It was broken.
2. The goods arrived safely. The metal tubes did not. They were missing.
3. The merchandise was shipped on time. The electric light switches were not. They were sent later.
4. The documents were sent by surface mail. The Certificate of Insurance was not. It was sent by air mail.
5. Most goods must be sent by ship. Light, small, expensive precision instruments need not. They should be sent by air.
2. Notice how we express contrast:
| We ordered 20,000 HB Itex pencils but the crate only contains 12,000.
Crate 17 contained only 12,000 HB Itex pencils, although 20,000 had been entered on both the packing list and the invoice.
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Express contrast using the word given:
1. Ordered 1000 cakes / received only 100 / but
2. Invoiced for 100 N52 engines / only 85 delivered / but
3. Not received the replacements / ordered 3 weeks ago / although
4. Order N6/M7 12 not delivered / MV SATURN docked 8 days ago / although
5. Wrote 7 weeks ago / not received your latest catalogue / but
3. Note these sentences:
| Our agent took delivery of the goods in the port of Oslo on the 29th January 20—. Unfortunately, 127 forks were missing.
| |
Use the word ‘unfortunately’ to express a mild complaint at the following. The word begins the second sentence in each case.
1. We received your consignment of electrical equipment. Two cases of transformers were damaged.
2. We would like to send the goods in one shipment. That is not possible at the moment.
3. The ship set off on schedule. It was delayed in transit by stormy weather.
4. The damage was caused by bad packing. The insurance policy doesn’t cover you for this.
5. We ordered 25 typewriters. Only 20 arrived.
4. Notice how a more serious complaint is expressed.
| We regret to inform you that four cases are damaged.
We very much regret to inform you that the quality of the merchandise is unacceptable.
| |
Complain in this way about the following:
1. Seven boxes are missing.
2. There has been some pilferage in cases 1 to 5 inclusive.
3. The padding did not protect the glass bottles.
4. Case No. 19 was damaged by hooks in the port of Marseilles.
5. The shipment of men’s suits was delayed in transit.
6. The quality and design are not up to your usual standard.
7. Cases 7 and 8 contain the wrong goods.
8. Only 20 typewriters were despatched, out of an order for 25.
9. The insurance policy doesn’t cover you for negligent packing.
10. We cannot accept the surplus cases you consigned.
5. Notice how these phrases are used to suggest politely that the recipient has made a mistake or has been inefficient in some way.
| Perhaps your forwarding agent made a mistake?
We assume that your forwarding agent made a mistake.
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Use ‘Perhaps’ and ‘We assume that’ to make polite suggestions for these:
1. You didn’t send the advice of despatch by air mail.
2. Your packing department received the wrong catalogue reference number.
3. The S/S Sheppey was delayed in the port of London.
4. The Bill of Lading was not ‘clean’.
5. The case was not marked ‘USE NO HOOKS’.
6. The contents of Case No. 9 were for a different order.
7. The containers were too light and weak.
8. Your forwarding agent was unaware of the penalty clause.
9. The goods were stowed in a hot place on board ship.
10. Your forwarding agent doesn’t understand French customs regulations.
6. Notice how these sentences express need and reason:
| We need the pencils to complete deliveries.
The full consignment is urgently required to complete orders.
| |
Require is more formal than need.
Write sentences as directed. Express need and reason:
1. The 100 new engines / complete our orders
2. 300 X26 motors / supply our customers
3. 200 copies of your summer catalogue / send to our agents
4. The remaining 10 cookers / complete our deliveries
5. More detailed information / answer customs enquries
7. Notice how these sentences express reason:
| We need the pencils. Therefore we must ask you to despatch the additional 8000
pencils.
The full consignment is urgently required so it is absolutely essential that you ship the additional 8000 pencils.
It is absolutely essential that you ship the additional 8000 pencils because the full consignment is urgently required.
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Express reasons using the given information:
1. You must send the bicycles at once / the bicycles are needed next week / therefore
2. We will not require any more deliveries of sheet metal after 31 August / we are closing our factory in Northern Italy / so
3. We have not placed our usual order for garden furniture / we have not received your catalogue this spring / therefore
4. We are unable to supply you / we have sold all our X27 radios / so
5. We were unable to send your complete order / we didn’t have all the items in stock / because
8. Notice how this sentence expresses urgent and immediate demands:
| We must insist on replacements for the four cases immediately.
We must insist on replacements for the four cases at once.
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Use the italicized words and phrases for the following demands:
1. A despatch of the shipping documents
2. A visit from your agent
3. Replacements for the goods in Case No. 4
4. A consignment of spare parts
5. A correction of the details printed on the Bill of Lading
6. A cancellation of the order
7. A detailed statement of freight and insurance costs
8. A reply to our complaint about your merchandise
9. The despatch of a Pro-Forma Invoice
10. A cable in reply to our enquiry about the advice of despatch
9. Notice how these sentences are used to express obligation:
| We must ask you to despatch the additional 8000 pencils.
It is absolutely essential that you ship the additional 8000 pencils.
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Express obligation (of another person) for the following:
1. Air-freighting the additional 2000 cameras by 10 June
2. Despatching the complete order at once
3. Replying to our request by return
4. Explaining the reason for the long delay
5. Giving a precise delivery date
10. Notice the use of arrange here:
| Please arrange for the despatch of replacements at once.
| |
You ask your suppliers to contact others when you ask them to ‘arrange for’ something. Ask suppliers to arrange the following:
1. The correction of an error in the consignment
2. The collection of the ten cases at the port of Liverpool
3. The despatch of the shipping documents as soon as possible
4. The completion of the customs forms by your Despatch Department
5. The distribution of copies of our packing instructions to all departments
11. Notice the use of the words concerning and regarding:
| We received the documents concerning the above order on the 10th December.
Please inform your forwarding agents regarding customs difficulties.
| |
‘Concerning’ and ‘regarding’ are very often used in official correspondence instead of the more common word ‘about’. Use these words to connect the following sentences:
1. We received your letter. It mentioned the Certificate of Insurance.
2. Inform your agents. Tell them about our packing instructions.
3. We saw the notice. It was about the new customs regulations.
4. We received your enquiry. It was about filing cabinets.
5. Please send instructions. They must tell us about shipment.
6. We noticed a difficulty. It was about unloading.
7. We received your instructions. They were about methods of payment.
8. Please send information. It should tell us about marks and numbers.
9. We received the documents. They were about shipping arrangements.
10. Please notice the regulations. They are about the new customs documents.
Exercise 82. Insert the correct words in the appropriate spaces in the passage below.
Все темы данного раздела:
HEADED NOTEPAPER
Nearly all businesses, and many private individuals, have a printed letterheading on their paper. Like all other parts of the letter, the heading should present a suitable image, and give all the n
SETTING OUT YOUR LETTER
It is important to achieve a good balance between the size of the sheet of paper and what is to be written on it. It will detract from the overall appearance if the first sheet is closely spaced, a
Figure 2
1 Sender’s address Bredgade 51
DK 1260
Copenhagen K
DENMARK
2Date 26 May 20—
3 Inside address
SURNAME KNOWN
As a guide to use of first names and/or initials, follow the recipient’s preferred style as indicated by past correspondence. Always use a courtesy title, and copy the spelling of names carefully.
DEPARTMENT KNOWN
Alternatively, you can address your letter to a particular department of the company, e.g. The Sales Department, The Accounts Department.
In both these cases an organisation name s
ORDER OF INSIDE ADDRESS
This should be copied carefully from the previous correspondence if available and should be the same as the address to be used on the envelope. Avoid using abbreviations for road or town names, alt
BODY OF THR LETTER
Sometimes it is difficult to think of suitable words with which to start the letter. In general, you should always refer to any previous correspondence in the first paragraph and also try to get to
Table 1
TITLE
STATUS
COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
Mr
married or unmarried male
Yours sincerely
SIGNATURE
Letters will usually bear the signature of the writer. Always type your name and, if relevant, your job title, below your handwritten signature. This is known as the signature block. Even th
Figure 3
1 Letterhead Compuvision Ltd Warwick House
Warwick Street
Forest Hill
London
SE23 1JF
Telephone +44(0)20 8
PER PRO
The abbreviation p.p. sometimes appears in signature blocks. It means per pro, i.e. for and on behalf of, and is used by administrators or personal assistants when signing lett
DESPATCH METHOD
Sometimes it may be useful to indicate the despatch method to be used, such as: Recorded Delivery, Registered Post, Airmail, or Courier Delivery. Type this in capitals a
Figure 4
Compuvision Ltd Warwick House
Warwick Street
Forest Hill
London
SE23 1JF
Telephone +44(0)20 8566 1861
Facsim
Figure 6
42 Botley Close,
Colebourn,
RIPON,
Yorks,
R18 7QS.
Your Rcf: 5/12A
17th May 2000
Messrs Brown &
Figure 7
42 Botlcy Close,
Colebourn,
RIPON,
Yorks,
R18 7QS
Your ref: 5/12A
17th May 2000
Messrs Brown & Page (Bu
ADDRESSING ENVELOPES
Envelope addresses are written in a similar way to inside addresses. But in the case of letters within or for the UK, the name of the town and the country are written in capital letters, and the po
Figure 11
Dear Sir
Thank you for your enquiry. We have a wide selection of watches which we are sure you will like. We will be sending a catalogue
Figure 13
Dear Sir / Madam
We are interested in your security systems. We would like to know more about the prices and discounts you offer.
A bus
SIMPLICITY
Check that all the words you have used mean what you intend them to mean. Think carefully whether they will be understood by the reader, and whether they are suitable for the type of letter you are
Figure 15
Dear Sir/Madam
I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 15th inst. in connection with our not clearing our account, which was o
Figure 17
Dear Mr Rohn
I've already written to you concerning your debt of £1,994. This should have been cleared three months
Table 2
INAPPROPRIATE FORM
PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE
you’ve probably guessed
you are probably aware
you’ll ge
ABBREVIATIONS AND INITIALS
Abbreviations can be useful because they are quick to write and easy to read. But both correspondents need to know what the abbreviations stand for.
The abbreviations CIF and FOB
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Industry, in a general sense, the production of goods and services in an economy. The term industry also refers to a group of enterprises (private businesses or government-operated corporations) th
PEPLIES TO ENQUIRIES
A reply to an enquiry from a regular customer is normally fairly brief, and does not need to be more than polite and direct. Provided the supplier is in a position to meet his correspondent’s requi
Catalogues and samples
M. Gerard wrote to R.G. Electronics to enquire about CDs (see Figure 20). He implied that his store was a large one, that he was only interested in high-quality products, and that
MARKING
There are 3 principal types of marking which may have to he done on export packages:
1. The consignees’ own distinctive marks.
2. Any official mark required by authorities.
Specimens of marks
1 K R LTV
Durban X
Brisbane
FOREIGN PRODUCE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Net weight 100 kg. Dimensions
Gr
Figure 30
Exporter informs prospective customer of packing and marking procedures.
The buyer (
Figure 31
The buyer sends the instructions for packing and marking.
Reply to the letter of instruction about packing
When payment has been arranged and documents surrendered to the bank which confirms the credi
Figure 44
STATEMENT
Rather than requiring immediate payment of invoices, suppliers may offer credit in the fo
Figure 46
1. Currency and value of the bill of exchange in figures.
2. Date the bill is comple
Main paragraph (typed) signature
(1) WIDGETRY LTD
6 Pine Estate, Westhornet, Bedfordshire, UB18 22BC.
(2) Telephone 9017 23456 Telex X238WID Fax 9017 67893
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Exercise 17.Classify the following industries as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Agriculture; commercial fishing; government activity; hotel industries; mass media;
Rossomon PLC
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Notice how you inform the company you are writing to how or where you heard about them:
We hav
Enclosed leaflet pleasure in production supply
A.
Took advantage
a. Wholesaler’s special offer of woollen blankets
b. An announcement
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Note these sentences :
A cable or telex message would be the best method of communication, as/since we c
At your expense at your risk in full in response to
in touch with in (your/our) favour of assistance
Exercise 78. Complete the followin
Discrepancy negligence quantity up to standard
Complaints are often received by companies who ship consignments overseas. These complaints are sometimes about the (1) …… of goods received. Perhaps not enough goods were sent, perhaps too many. A
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Notice how these sentences express regret:
We are very/extremely sorry to hear that two filing cabinets of the wr
Due to prompt short-shipped
Letters of adjustment should always be (1) … , or polite. You should express regret for any (2) … caused by your mistake, and it is a good idea to (3) … the buyer that you will correct the mistake,
In advance up-to-date
Exercise 94. The text of a letter replying to a complaint is given. Complete it, choosing from the alternativ
Column open submit
An invoice is a (1) …… , that is, a demand for payment. It can also be a (2) ……, a regular notice of a buyer’s account with a seller. The statement invoice is for buyers who have an (3) …… account
Talking about letters of credit
When an exporter and importer have done business for several years and there is a high degree oftrust(1) … between them security of payment is not an important issue. With a new cl
Dispatch v., n. (dispatch method)
38. DIY (Do It Yourself)
39. Doctor (Dr)
40. ea. (each)
41. enclose
42. enclosure (Enc./ Encl./ Enc/ Encs)
43. Esquire (Esq.)
44. etc. (et cete
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