Political Structure, Geography and Economy - раздел Иностранные языки, ABOUT MYSELF AND MY FAMILY The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland (The Uk) Is A...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is a constitutional monarchy. It has a monarch – a King or a Queen. The present British monarch is Queen Elizabeth II (Queen Elizabeth the Second). Everything today is done in the name of the Queen. We can say that the Queen reigns with the support of Parliament. Parliament is made up of two chambers — the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the Government of the country. The members of the House of Lords are not elected, they are peers. The House of Commons, by contrast, has 651 seats which are occupied by Members of Parliament. The chairman of the House of Commons is the Speaker. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor. The functions of the Queen are: to open the sessions of Parliament, to head the commonwealth, to be Commander-in-Chief, to declare the war, to make peace. All new laws are debated (discussed) by Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, then debated in the House of Lords, and finally signed by the Queen. There are several political parties in Great Britain. They are the Conservative, the Liberal, the Labor, the Social Democratic and the Communist parties. There may be five or more parties, fighting for one seat, but only one person — the candidate who gets the greatest number of votes — can win. Some parties win a lot of seats and some win very few, or none at all. Leader of the party which has the majority of seats in the Government becomes Prime minister. The Prime minister forms the Cabinet.
The population of the UK is over 60 million people who mostly live in towns and cities and their suburbs. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. The British are descendants of different peoples who settled in the British Isles at different times. Britain is a country of mixed cultures. London has the largest non-white population of any European cities and over 250 languages are spoken there.
In general the territory of the UK is over 244,000 square kilometers; it takes the 75th place among other countries in the world. The capital of the country is London. The UK consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
The UK occupies most of the territory of the British Isles the largest of which are Great Britain and Ireland. The British Isles are washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and separated from the European continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. Northern Ireland is the smallest component of the UK. It occupies the northeast of the Island of Ireland which is a plateau.
There are manу rivers in G.B. but they are not very long. They are of great importance for communication and especially for carrying the goods. The longest rivers are the Thames and the Severn, which are each over 200 miles long. The lakes of the British Isles are mostly too small. The lakes (lochs) in Scotland and those of the Lake District in Northern England, together with a few in North Wales are attractiveto tourists on account of the beauty of surrounding scenery.
Once forests covered the greater part of lowland. Now they occupy only 6% of the land of G.B. The most common trees in G.B. are oak, elm, ash, beech, pine, birch.
The climate in G.B. is mild and humid. The weather is so changeable that the English often say that they have no climate but only the weather. It is not too hot in summer and it is not too cold in winter. It often rains. Snow falls a few times in winter and usually melts very soon.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. Mineral resources include coal, low grade iron ore, oil, gas and some polymetal ores. Coal was of great importance for the industrial development of Great Britain, coal-mining and textile are the oldest and traditional industries.
One of the main industries of the country is shipbuilding. Another important industry which provides people with food is sea fishing. There are also a number of seaports. Hull is one of the world's largest fishing ports. Glasgow is a very large city in Scotland. It is also a large sea port and a big ship-building centre.
Wales is one of the big mining districts in Britain. In the towns and villages of Wales you can see thousands of miners.
Sheffield is a big centre of the steel industry, and in Manchester there are many textile factories. West of Manchester is Liverpool. It is one of the big ports on the west coast of the island.
Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. It is near the east coast of the country.
Farming is one of the most important industries. The economic basis of farming in Great Britain is complex. There are some types of farming. They are sheep breeding, stock breeding, dairy farming, mixed farming, crop farming, fruit and vegetable farming, market gardening. There are very big farms, but most farms are small family farms with a mixture of cattle, sheep and cereal crops. The tenant farmer is the characteristic countryman of modern England. The tenant farmer is the farmer who rents his farm from the gentry.
The British farmers cannot provide food for all the people of the country, because there is not enough crop and pasture land. Therefore Great Britain has to import wheat, meat, butter, grain, citrus fruits, tea, etc.
III. Translate the words in the brackets into English:
1. We can say that the (королева правит) with the support of Parliament.
2. The (членов) of the House of Lords are not (выбирают), they are peers.
3. The (председатель) of (палаты общин) is the Speaker.
4. There are (несколько политических партий) in Great Britain.
5. The British Isles are washed by (Северным морем), (Ирландским морем) and the Atlantic Ocean and separated from the European continent by (Ла-Манш) and (Па-де-Кале).
6. The (озера) of the British Isles are mostly (слишком маленькие).
7. The most common trees in G.B. are (дуб), (вяз), (ясень), (бук), (сосна), and (береза).
8. The climate in G.B. is (умеренный) and (влажный).
9. Great Britain has a (высокоразвитую) steel (промышленность).
10. The tenant farmer is the characteristic (сельского жителя) of modern England.
IV. Find the corresponding translation of the words and word combinations:
a)
1) cattle
2) stock rearing
3) to build
4) to import
5) important
A. строить
B. важный
C. крупный рогатый скот
D. животноводство
E. импортировать
b)
1) beauty
2) government
3) island
4) monarchy
5) to carry goods
A. монархия
B. правительство
C. перевозить грузы (товары)
D. остров
E. красота
c)
A. из-за
B. пейзаж
C. привлекательный
D. занимать
E. низкая местность, низменность
1. attractive
2. to occupy
3. on account of
4. scenery
5. lowland
V. Answer the following questions:
1. What kind of state is the UK?
2. Who is the head of the State?
3. Who is the country governed by?
4. Who makes laws?
5. Whose support does the Queen reign with?
6. What territory does the UK occupy?
7. What seas are the British Isles washed by?
8. What separates the British Isles from the European continent?
9. What parts does the UK consist of?
10. Name the capitals of the UK parts.
11. What is the smallest component of the UK?
12. Is Northern Ireland a plateau?
13. Speak about the British rivers and lakes.
14. How much of the land of Great Britain do woodlands occupy now?
15. What are the most common trees?
16. What is the climate in Great Britain?
17. Is it cold in winter (hot in summer)?
18. Does it often rain?
19. What is the population of the UK?
20. Where do people mostly live?
21. What people constitute the British nation?
22. Whose descendants are the British?
23. Is Great Britain a highly industrialized country?
24. What mineral was of great importance for the industrial development of Great Britain?
25. What are the oldest industries in the UK?
26. What other industries are developed in Great Britain?
27. What does Great Britain live by?
28. What goods does it export?
29. What are the main types of farming?
30. What is known to you about the tenant farmer?
VI. Translate the sentences into English:
1. В общем, территория Объединенного Королевства занимает около 244 000 кв. километров.
2. Объединенное Королевство занимает большую часть Британских островов.
3. В Великобритании много рек, но они не очень длинные.
4. Климат в Великобритании мягкий и влажный.
5. Население Объединенного Королевства составляет около 57 миллионов человек, большинство из которых живут в больших и маленьких городах и их пригородах.
6. Британцы являются потомками разных народов, которые жили на Британских Островах в различные времена.
7. Великобритания это высокоразвитая промышленная страна.
8. Судостроение это одна из основных отраслей промышленности страны.
9. Фермерство это наиболее важная отрасль промышленности.
10. Следовательно, Великобритания должна импортировать пшеницу, мясо, масло, зерно, цитрусовые, чай и др.
VII. Find out the sentences which correspond to the text. Correct the wrong sentences in accordance with the text:
1. The population of the United Kingdom is over 37 million people who mostly live in towns and cities and other suburbs.
2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a democratic republic.
3. The UK occupies most of the territory of the Kurils the largest of which are Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
4. The British Isles are washed by the North Sea, Black Sea and the Pacific ocean.
5. The United Kingdom consists of 6 parts.
6. The longest rivers are the Thames and the Yenisey, which are each over 200 miles long.
7. Now lakes and rivers occupy only 6% of the territory of G.B.
8. The UK is a lowly industrialized country with undeveloped agricultural production.
9. There are very big farms, but most farms are small family farms with a mixture of cattle, sheep and cereal crops.
10. The tenant farmer is the farmer who has his own farm.
About Myself... I Memorize the following words... Appearance внешность...
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СОNTENTS
1. About Myself My Family ………………………………….……
2. My Home ………………………………………………….…….
3. Our University…………………………………………….….….
4. Student’s Life ……………………………………………….…..
II. Do the following exercises.
1. Find out 9 words which describe the appearance:
ashortbaahazelstaquilineovallslimfmediumheightdelicatebcharmingambushyg
2. Find out 9 w
Describe your groupmate using the familiar words.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
About Myself and My Family
My name is Natalie. My surname is Ivanova. I was born on the 9th of September, 1992 in Karaganda. My address is Flat 2, 19, Pichugin Street.
I am tall. I am not very thin
B) Marry discusses her family.
Alex: Hi, Mary.
Marry: Hi, Alex.
Alex: So, um, how big is your immediate family?
Marry: Ah, there are four of us.
Alex: Four p
B) Marry discusses the personalities in her family.
Alex: Hi, Marry.
Marry: Hi, Alex!
Alex: So we've been talking about your family a little bit. Um, I'd like to know a little bit more about the specific people
THE CROWD
Brown was out walking one day with his wife and his very large family. In the street he was stopped by a policeman who grabbed him by the shoulder.
V. Translate into English
1.Окна нашей квартиры выходят на юг, так что у нас солнце почти каждый день. 2. Вам уже поставили телефон? – Да, он в кабинете, на письменном столе. Это очень удобно, теперь я могу, работая и не вы
VII. Fill in the blanks with house, home, or block.
NOTE: The basic meaning of the word house is a building intended for one household to live in. It may also mean "the home, or household" (as, to keep house). Home is an emot
IX. Add to Your Active Vocabulary
apartment - квартира
balcony - балкон
basement - подвал, фундамент
be adjacent to smth.- примыкать
чему-либо
be cramped for space - мало места
Renting a Room
A. Have you a room to let?
B. Yes, sir. What room do you want? A double-bedded room or a single?
A. I want a furnished living-room on the ground floor with bo
Accommodation Required
— Family, recently returned from Australia desperate for house/flat to rent. Anything considered — anywhere in Britain, Taylor, Cumberland.
— Young research worker and working wife urgentl
Our University
Karaganda State Technical University is one of the leading technical higher schools in Kazakhstan. It is quite large but not very old.
It was founded in 1953 as a Mining institute.
At the University Museum
A group of students from RUDN has been visiting our University. They are interested in educational problems and in extracurricular activities of the students as well. One of the students, Michael,
At the University Museum
Stephan: I’d like to ask a few questions, if you don’t mind…
Dyakova Nina Georgievna: ________________________________________
S: How did the history of the U
At the University Museum
A group of students from RUDN has been visiting our University. They are interested in educational problems and in extracurricular activities of the students as well. One of the students, Michael,
At the Youth Commitee
Stephan, a student from RUDN has been staying in Karaganda for a few days. He is interested in extracurricular activities of the students. Now he is at Youth Committee and meets Victor, a represent
At the Youth Committee
Stephan: Hello, Victor! How are you?
Victor:_____________________________________________________________
Stephan:
READ FOR YOURSELF
Oxbridge
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University, or simply Oxford), located in
I. Remember the following words and word combinations
1) entrance exams вступительные экзамены
2) to pass entrance exams successfully успешно сдать вступительные
экзамены
3) to fail exams провалить экзамены
4) to ta
IX. Dialogues
1. Imagine you are talking to Natalie. Fill in the gaps:
You. Hello! ______________________________ What is your name?
Natalie. Hi! My name is Natal
A TELEPHONE CALL
Alex is about to ring up a friend of his. He picks up the receiver and dials the number. The first time the line is engaged but then he gets through.
Bologna Process
The purpose of the Bologna process (or Bologna accords) is to create the European Higher Education Area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compa
Environment
Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life in our planet with its environment. This word came from the Greek “oikos” which means “home”.
The Earth is our
VIII. Read and translate.
DON’T BUY DRINKS IN PLASTIC BOTTLES
FACT: Americans use 2.5 mln plastic bottles every year. These bottles can’t be recycled and won’t ever degrade.
WHAT TO DO: Only buy soda and o
XI. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. Suppose you get _____ (from, out of) you house __ (on, at) an early sunny day and see a yellow dandelion (одуванчик).
2. Our land is full __ (in, of, with) beautiful flowers, trees whic
Thunderstorms
Do you know what thunder and lightning are? Lightning is a big spark of electricity that travels from the sky down to the earth. Thunder is the big noise you hear after you see lightning in the sky
Air Care
Worldwide, the stinky problem of pollution has grown. More and more factories, cars, and trucks add their bad breath to the air. But the battle against air pollution is also growing. Many U.S. citi
Good Energy News
When we burn coal and oil for energy, we cause pollution. But little by little we're getting more energy from the sun and the wind. This energy is clean and renewable (that means we'll never run ou
Between Two Boys on Injuries
B: (Seeing his friend come out of the doctor's office.) Hello, Mike, what happened to you? Why is your arm in a sling?
M: I had a bad fall from a bicycle and broke my arm.
A Visit to the Doctor
- Well, what's the matter with you, Mr. Walker?
- You'd better ask me what is not the matter with me, doctor. I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia, headaches
VIII. Make up the dialogues. Roleplay the situation.
You seem to have been ill. You are phoning the clinic and making an appointment with the doctor.
IX. Tell the story about visiting the doctor. Stages for actions:
Sport and a healthy life style
I. Read the following words paying attention to the pronunciation:
Kinds of Sports:
1. football
2. volleyball
3. basketbal
VII. Do, Play or Go with Various Sports.
Use "play" with any competitive game that you can play, "go" with activities that can be done alone, and "do" with groups of related activities.
Decide betwee
Sport and a Healthy Life Style
Nowadays our life is getting more and more tense. People live under the pressure of different problems, such as social, e
SMOKING
FOR:
1. I think smoking is a pleasure.
2. Little is known for certain about the tobacco effect on human organism. No visible harm to a smoker. At least no immedia
Lifestyle
(R=Receptionist, W = Woman)
R:New Life Centre. Can 1 help you?
W: Yes. Could you give me some information about your centre?
R: Cert
POLITICAL STRUCTURE, GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMY
I. Read the following words and word combinations paying attention to their pronunciation:
1) sovereign
2) official language
3) on equal grounds
4) al
VIII. Add to your active vocabulary
Could you tell me how to get to …? (= Could you tell me the way to …? = Can you direct me to?) - Вы не подскажите мне как пройти к … ?
I am a stranger (foreigner) here
IX. Dialogues
Read the dialogues, learn them by heart and act.
Dialogue 1.
- Excuse me. Where is the nearest bank here?
- It’s round the corner over ther
X. Directions
1. Look at the map of Chesswood and find these things:
• a farm • a wood • a pond • a path
• a hill • a river • a bridge • a gate
PEOPLE OF CULTURE AND SCIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN
I. Read the following words and word combinations paying attention to their pronunciation:
1) petroglyph
2) earthenware
3) applied art
People of Culture and Science of Kazakhstan
Culture
The land of Chinghiztau gave the mankind a lot of talented people – poets, writers, musicians, painters. The most ancient works of art on the terr
POLITICAL STRUCTURE, GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMY
I. Read the following words and word combinations paying attention to their pronunciation:
1) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the
Read, dramatize and learn the dialogue.
W. Today perhaps you would kindly tell us something about North England and England's most important industrial areas.
M. Well, the centers of English Industry lie in the Mid
The Tower of London
1) violence 2) forefathers 3) to be guarded 4) to take place 5) password
6) to go back 7) Crown Jewels 8) can tell 9) the Ceremony of the Keys
10) ancient 11) to be founded 12) fo
XI. Dialogues
Dialogue 1. Read the dialogue and learn it by heart.
Jack – Hello, how are you?
John – I’m fine, thanks. And you?
Ja
TRADITIONS AND HOLIDAYS OF THE UK
I. Read the following words and word combinations paying attention to their pronunciation:
1) annual
2) gift
3) to fall
Traditions and Holidays of the UK
It may seem surprising but the British have fewer holidays than many other countries. Some of them are named Bank Holidays due to the fact that on those days banks are closed. The p
Ghosts and witches
Halloween means 'holy evening', and takes place on October 31. This festival is particularly connected with witche
Christmas
For most British families this is the most important festival of the year, it combines the Christian celebration of the birth of Christ with the traditional festivities of winter.
People of Culture
Many British writers, poets, painters, sculptors, architects, musicians, composers, actors, singers and dancers are known all over the world.
People of Science
Sir Isaac Newton(1643 –1727) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, a
People of Music
Edward Benjamin Britten(1913 –1976) was an English composer, conductor, violist and pianist.
Br
KAZAKH NATIONAL TRADITIONS, SPORTS AND GAMES
The Kazakhs preserve their national traditions which go back many thousand years. The ancient and original culture of the Kazakhs was formed in the conditions of nomadic life, which left a deep imp
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The population of the UK is over 60 million people who mostly live in towns and cities and their suburbs. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. The British are descendants of different peoples who settled in the British Isles at different times. Britain is a country of mixed cultures. London has the largest non-white population of any European cities and over 250 languages are spoken there.
Новости и инфо для студентов