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The Biggest Ukrainian Cities

The Biggest Ukrainian Cities - раздел Иностранные языки, Іноземна мова (англійська) Kyiv, Now The Capital Of Ukraine, StretchesOn The High Hills...

Kyiv, now the capital of Ukraine, stretcheson the high hills along the Dnie­per, rivaling the oldest and most charming cities of Europe. Every epoch left mark here. Even the great Tatar invasion that shook the civilized world in the 13th century was unable to wipe it off the face of the earth. Beginning in the 17th century, Kyiv once again turned into a leading spiritual and cultural cen­tre. Glorious pages of the past and staggering current realities seem to have merged into a single, inimitable whole of this ancient, yet ever so youthful city.

Lviv — a scenic city in the west of Ukraine was founded by Prince Daniel of Halych (Danylo Halytsky). Historically, it is first mentioned in 1256. For centuries it was repeatedly sacked by foreign aggressors, but time and again it was rebuilt and its treasures restored by craftsmen, plowmen, architects, and men of arts and letters. The population of Lviv is 806 thousand people.

Kharkiv, Ukraine's leading power engineering, agricultural machinery, transport and instrument-making centre. Founded in the early 1650s, it was the capital of Ukraine since 1919 till 1934. Today it is the country's second largest city. Its population is 1575 thousand people.

Dnipropetrovsk (prior to 1926, Yekaterinoslav), a large industrial center in Ukraine. Founded 1776, today this city is known for developed ferrous me­tallurgy, complex machine-building, metalworkingand chemical industries. It is the venueof "Pivdenmash/KB Pivdenne" (Southern Machine-building plant) Europe's biggest aerospace manufacturing and developing complex.

Odesa, a very special city is a true gem on the Black Sea coast. Founded in 1794 it received its current name in 1795. It is now an administrative regional centre operating advanced machinebuilding, metalworking, chemical, petroche­mical and other industries. Odesa is also known as a large seaport. Since 1978 a ferry line linking the port of Illichivsk (not tar from Odesa) with Varna in Bulgaria has been operational.

Well known balneological resorts (Arkadia, Kuyalnyk, etc.) are lo­cated in the city and outskirts. Its population is 1060 thousand people.

Kyiv is one the oldest cities in Europe. Its monuments of past are perfectly integratedwith modern buildings, attractive hotels, cinemas, TV tower, Metro stations, banks and administrative buildings.

As one takes a bus ride through Kreshchatic or strolls in the shade of trees it is difficult to believe that ages ago this was the sight of a deep valleycovered with primeval forests and numerous ravines. Actually it was the valley called Kreshchataya, which later became Kreshchatic, the main street of the capital.

The valley first began to resemble a street at the beginning of the last cen­tury when one-storeyed wooden houses were built, later on stone buildings were erected. During the Great Patriotic war Kreshchatic was completely destroyed by the Nazis. As soon as the city was liberated (November 6, 1943) the restoration of the main street was begun.

The entire architectural conception envisaged a combination of decorative facades with an abundance of trees and shrubs, sunlight and space.

In 1037 St. Sophia Cathedral, an outstanding monument of ancient Rus and world culture, was built on the site of the 1036 battle against the Pechenegs in which the Kyiv warriorswere victorious. It was founded during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise.

For centuries this remarkablebuilding, the embodiment of the talent and assiduityof hundreds of thousands of its nameless builders, has astonished the vision with its magnificenceand splendour. Its appearance has changed many times as the result of reconstruction. The interior decorations of the Cathedral are exceptionally valuable and add its unique architectural forms. Numerous mosaics and frescoes have been discovered under the coating of later orna­mentation and restored to their former beauty. The extensive use of fresco pain­ting in decorative works show the great skillof the painters of the time.

Leaving St. Sophia Cathedral through the gateway that is right under the Belfry, one comes out into Sophiyivsky Square. It is bordered to the right by a strip of trees and shrubs while in the centre of the square there is the mo­nument to Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the 17th century outstanding Ukrainian sta­tesman and military leader. Being a far-sighted statesman, Bohdan Khmel­nytsky sought reunification with the Russian state, which was the Ukraine's only ally at that time. At the end of 1653 the Zemsky Sobor adopted a decision to reunite the two countries. This decision was ratified in 1654 at the historical Pereyaslav Rada. That's why Bohdan Khmelnytsky is considered to be a na­tional hero of the Ukrainian people. The monument to Bohdan Khmelnytsky was built in 1888 by sculptor Mukhailo Mikeshin. It shows the eminent sta­tesman and soldier on horse-back pointing his mace towards Moscow.

As Kyiv's history is full of dramatic events and heroic deeds, there are many other places of interest in it such as the Golden Gates, Andryevskaya Church, the monument to Prince Volodymyr, the Kyiv-Pechersky Monas­tery, Vydubetsky Monastery, Askold's Grave and others.

 

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Іноземна мова (англійська)

ХЕРСОНСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ...

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Методичні рекомендації
та тематика контрольних робіт студентів заочної форми навчання   з дисципліни Іноземна мова (англійська)   для студентів І - ІІ курсу  

Зміст завдання та методичні рекомендації до виконання.
  МР складаються з 4 частин (завдань). Кожна частина містить завдання, які складаються з 5 варіантів, а кожен варіант складається з трьох текстів, об’єднаних загальною темою, лексично

Variant I
Ex.1. Study the vocabulary: to extend [iks'tend] — простягатися to border ['bodә] on — межувати to be washed by — омиватися frontier — кор

Geographical Position of Ukraine”.
1. A new state, Ukraine, appeared on the world political map in 1991. Uk­raine occupies an area of 603,700 square kilometres. The territory of Ukraine extends 900 kilometres from n

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. The total length of the frontiers is 6.500 kilometres including the….. 2. In the…Ukraine there are black-soil steppelands. 3. The main territory of Ukraine is…, but 5% of it ma

Ex.7. Read and translate the following text with a dictionary. Translate paragraphs:1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12 in writing.
“The Political System of Ukraine. Coat of Arms” 1. On the 24th of August, 1991 Ukraine became an independent state. On the 1st of December, 1991 the everlasting dr

Ex.10. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. The Ukrainian political system has a….President. 2. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is the….authority. 3. Ukraine is divided into 24….and the Autonomic Republic Crimea.

Ex.12. Read and translate the following text orally without a dictionary. List its main points in Ukrainian.
“National flag of Ukraine. National Emblem of Ukraine. Ukrainian Anthem.” The combination of the blue and yellow colours — “Ukrainian colours” — reaches far back into pre-

Ukrainian Anthem
The Ukrainian anthem, “Shche ne umerla Ukraina” (“Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished”), is of quite recent origin. In Western Ukraine after 1848 there were two songs whi

Variant II
Ex.1. Study the vocabulary: Word List: to extend [iks’tend] — простягатися to border [‘bo:dә] on — межувати to be washed

Geographical Position of Ukraine”.
1. A new state, Ukraine, appeared on the world political map in 1991. Uk­raine occupies an area of 603,700 square kilometres. The territory of Ukraine extends 900 kilometres from n

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. The total length of the frontiers is 6.500 kilometres including the….. 2. In the…Ukraine there are black-soil steppelands. 3. The main territory of Ukraine is…, but 5% of it ma

Ex.7. Read and translate the following text with a dictionary. Do paragraphs: 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13 in writing.
“Ukraine’s Economy and Its Dynamic Progress” 1. A new independent state with a thousand-year-old history appeared on the map of the world. To have an idea

Ex.10. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Ukraine is situated in the….of Europe. 2. In the south the country has….to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. 3. Historically the following….determined the development of Ukrai

Ex.1. Study the vocabulary.
Word List: to extend [iks'tend] — простягатися to border ['bo:dә] on — межувати to be washed by — омиватися frontier— кордон the

Geographical Position of Ukraine”.
1. A new state, Ukraine, appeared on the world political map in 1991. Uk­raine occupies an area of 603,700 square kilometres. The territory of Ukraine extends 900 kilometres from n

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. The total length of the frontiers is 6.500 kilometres including the….. 2. In the…Ukraine there are black-soil steppelands. 3. The main territory of Ukraine is…, but 5% of it ma

Land, Mineral and Fuel-Energy. Resources of Ukraine”.
1. Steppes and plains compose the most part of the territory of Ukraine (95 per cent). The top-soils are mainly black. They are the biggest treasure of the Ukrainian land. Twenty five per cent of t

Ex.10. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. The top-soils are the biggest….of the Ukrainian land. 2. Sugar beet production….is 1000 kg. 3. Sugar can be called…. 4. Oil and gas pipelines of….go through the territ

Foreign Economic Activities and Relations of Ukraine
with the English-speaking countries ” Ukraine’s enterprises conduct business transactions with partners in 137 countries. Ukraine’s major

Barter deals and export under federal contracts make up some 43% of the foreign trade turnover.
As now Ukraine is a sovereign state, it establishes new relations with the countries throughout the world. It sets direct contacts with many foreign coun­tries signing agreements and treaties. A lo

Variant I
Ex.1. Study the vocabulary: to come from — походити від both…and — і…і to be made up of — складатися з with a very bright light — при дуже яскра

From the History of Television.
1. The word television comes from the Greek word “tele” which means “far”, and the Latin word “visio” – “seeing”. It enables us to see stationary and moving objects at great distances. We know tele

Ex.4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. moving objects a) відстань 2. distance b) використовувати 3. rapid c) чуттєвий

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Television….us to see stationary and moving objects at great distance. 2. Television requires pictures to be sent…. 3. The photoelectric cell is a special kind of…. 4.

Artificial intelligence
1. (AI) is machine intelligence. It refers to applications of the computer which, in operation, resemble human intelligence. There are different categories of uses which all fall into the AI area.

Industrial Engineering and Automatic Control
A major advance in twentieth century manufacturing was the development of mass production techniques. Mass production refers to manufacturing processes in which an assembly line, usually a conveyer

Variant II
  Ex.1. Study the vocabulary: to come from — походити від both…and — і…і to be made up of — складатися з with a very bright light

From the History of TV.
1. The word television comes from the Greek word “tele” which means “far”, and the Latin word “visio” – “seeing”. It enables us to see stationary and moving objects at great distances. We know tele

Ex.4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. which means a) відстань 2. moving objects b) використовувати 3. distance c) чуттєвий 4. rapid d) що означає 5. to require e) прилад 6. device f) надз

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Television….us to see stationary and moving objects at great distance. 2. Television requires pictures to be sent…. 3. The photoelectric cell is a special kind of…. 4.

OPERATING SYSTEMS
1. When computers were first introduced in the 1940’s and 50’s, every programme written had to provide instructions that told the computer how to use devices such as the printer, how to store infor

COMPUTERS IN OUR LIFE
A computer may be a person or a machine that information (problems and data), performs reasonable operations on the information and puts out answers. We may consider as a computer a man, for exampl

Variant III
Ex.1. Study the vocabulary: to come from — походити від both…and — і…і to be made up of — складатися з with a very bright light — при дуже яскра

From the History of TV
1. The word television comes from the Greek word “tele” which means “far”, and the Latin word “visio” – “seeing”. It enables us to see stationary and moving objects at great distances. We know tele

Ex.4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. which means a) відстань 2. moving objects b) використовувати 3. distance c) чуттєвий 4. rapid d) що означає 5. to require e) прилад 6. device f) надз

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Television….us to see stationary and moving objects at great distance. 2. Television requires pictures to be sent…. 3. The photoelectric cell is a special kind of…. 4.

TYPES OF AUTOMATION. COMPUTER LITERACY
1. Manufacturing is one of the most important application fields for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufac

Ex.10. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. There are several types of….in manufacturing. 2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing….in large quantities. 3. Flexible automation is a kind of….

Electronics
Electronics is the science of electronic phenomena, devices and systems. It describes and applies the flow of electronics emitted from solids or liquids passing through vacuum, gases or semiconduct

Types of computers
personal computer (PC) — персональний комп’ютер workstation — робоча станція minicomputer — мінікомп’ютер mainframe — базовий пристрій supercomputer — суперкомп’

Range of Computer Ability
1. Every single dictionary has defined the term computer as a machine that performs tasks, such as mathematical calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Computers are used…a wide variety of activities. 2. Computers….in a wide range of sizes and power. 3. Programmable computers…enormously in their computational power, speed, mem

The Five Generations of Computers
1. The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological dev

Some Facts about Robots.
It is estimated that by the end of the century the over­whelming majority of people will be occupied in science, education, administration and the service industry. Machines and robots will be the

Types of computers
personal computer (PC) — персональний комп’ютер workstation — робоча станція minicomputer — мінікомп’ютер mainframe — базовий пристрій supercomputer — суперкомп’

Range of Computer Ability
1. Every single dictionary has defined the term computer as a machine that performs tasks, such as mathematical calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Computers are used…a wide variety of activities. 2. Computers….in a wide range of sizes and power. 3. Programmable computers…enormously in their computational power, speed, mem

Computer Generations
1. In 1832, an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage was commissioned by the British government to develop a system for calculating the rise and fall of the tides. 2. Babbage

Ex.12. Read and translate the following text orally without a dictionary. List the main points in Ukrainian.
“Here comes the Robot” The first robots appeared on Olympus: gold mechanical maids served Hephaestus, the god of fire, divine smith and patron of craftsmen. Attempts to cr

Types of computers
personal computer (PC) — персональний комп’ютер workstation — робоча станція minicomputer — мінікомп’ютер mainframe — базовий пристрій supercomputer — суперкомп’

Range of Computer Ability
1. Every single dictionary has defined the term computer as a machine that performs tasks, such as mathematical calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions

Ex.5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Computers are used…a wide variety of activities. 2. Computers….in a wide range of sizes and power. 3. Programmable computers…enormously in their computational power, speed, mem

WHAT IS A MICROPROCESSOR?
1. A microprocessor is a programmable logic device. That is, the function or logical operation that the device performs may be changed by applying instructional "words" at its input. Tech

Ex. 9. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. arithmetic and logic unit a) центральний блок обробки даних 2. to reflect b) розрізнятися 3. to exceed c) відображати 4. cathode-ray tube d) постачання енергії

FIVE GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
We are now developing the so-called fifth generation of computers. It is amazing to see the progress of computers over the last 25 years or so. The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes,

Exercise 1. Study the vocabulary.
to switch on to give thought to bring into being circuit semiconductor to be caused by a great quality to be arranged to exceed a unique apparatus to acquire the

THE WORLD OF MICROELECTRONICS
1. Switching on a portable radio transistor, a low-wave TV-set, looking at an electronic watch or counting on a microcalculator, we hardly give thought to the idea of how these devices work - so co

Exercise 4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. common 2. to bring into being 3. microelectronic circuits 4. semiconductor elements 5. to exceed 6. complicated 7. logical thinking 8. photolithography 9. to carry

Exercise 5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Microelectronics, a section of …, is developing at a rapid pace. 2. A great role belongs to … in our national economy. 3. Such devices have acquired the name of … 4. A

AUTOMATION AND LABOUR
1. It is a matter of common knowledge nowadays that the principal direction of the present-day scientific and technological progress consists in the revolution of mechanized forms of work through t

AUTOMATION
Automation is performing certain tasks, previously done by people, by machines only. The sequences of operations are controlled automatically. The most familiar example of a highly automated system

Exercise 1. Study the vocabulary.
to switch on to give thought to bring into being circuit semiconductor to be caused by a great quality to be arranged to exceed a unique apparatus to acquire the

THE WORLD OF MICROELECTRONICS
1. Switching on a portable radio transistor, a low-wave TV-set, looking at an electronic watch or counting on a microcalculator, we hardly give thought to the idea of how these devices work - so co

Exercise 4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. common 2. to bring into being 3. microelectronic circuits 4. semiconductor elements 5. to exceed 6. complicated 7. logical thinking 8. photolithography 9. to carry

Exercise 5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1.Microelectronics, a section of …, is developing at a rapid pace. 2.A great role belongs to … in our national economy. 3.Such devices have acquired the name of … 4.At th

AUTOMATION
1. Automation is performing certain tasks, previously done by people, by machines only. The sequences of operations are controlled automatically. The most familiar example of a highly automated sys

Input hardware
The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. T

Processing hardware
The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Centr

Storage hardware
The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and. Storage hardware serves the same basic functions as do office filing systems e

Output hardware
The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output

Exercise 1. Study the vocabulary.
to switch on to give thought to bring into being circuit semiconductor to be caused by a great quality to be arranged to exceed a unique apparatus to acquire the

THE WORLD OF MICROELECTRONICS
1. Switching on a portable radio transistor, a low-wave TV-set, looking at an electronic watch or counting on a microcalculator, we hardly give thought to the idea of how these devices work - so co

Exercise 4. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. common 2. to bring into being 3. microelectronic circuits 4. semiconductor elements 5. to exceed 6. complicated 7. logical thinking 8. photolithography 9. to carry

Exercise 5. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1.Microelectronics, a section of …, is developing at a rapid pace. 2.A great role belongs to … in our national economy. 3.Such devices have acquired the name of … 4.At th

ROBOTS IN INDUSTRY
1. Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. The applications of robots can be divided into three categories. 1. material handling 2. processing operations

Exercise 9. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. material handling 2. processing operations 3. assembly and inspection 4. unloading 5. to manipulate 6. spot welding 7. sensor 8. quality specification 9. a substit

Exercise 10. Insert the suitable words or word-combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.
1. Material-handling is the….of material and loading and unloading of machines. 2. In….robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part. 3. The third application are

SOFTWARE
A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch. It requires Software — programs for directing the operation of a computer or electronic data.

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