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Реферат Курсовая Конспект

Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков.

Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков. - раздел Иностранные языки, Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамот­ности 1. A Personal Computer Is A Small Relatively Inexpensive De-...

1. A personal computer is a small relatively inexpensive de-

vice designed for an individual__________ .

a) person; b) producer; c) user

2. One of the first and most popular personal computer was

______ in 1977.

a) interpreted; b) introduced; c) integrated

3. All personal computers are based on___________ technology,

its CPU being called MPU.

a) microscopy; b) microprocessor; c) microelement

4. Very soon a microcomputer was___________ from a calcula-

tor into a PC for everyone.

a) transformed; b) transferred; c) transported

5. Input in PC is usually performed by means of a____________ .

a) mouse; b) scanner; c) keyboard

6. A personal computer uses_________ disks as input and out-

put media.

a) hard; b) fixed; c) floppy

7. Personal computers have a lot of___________ , scientific, en­
gineering, educational being among them.

a) multiplication; b) application; c) investigation


Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 144

8. Personal computers have a great______ upon pupils,

educators, accountants, stock brokers and who not.

a) influence; b) information; c) environment

9. A word processing program called application______

enables you to modify any document in a manner you wish.

a) hardware; b) software; c) firmware

10._______________________ Using a display you can mistakes, words

and replace sentences.

a) delete; b) dial; c) correct

2. Найдите в предложениях неличные формы глагола и назовите их:

A. a) Gerund; b) Present Participle Active; с) Present Participle
Passive; d) Past Participle Passive; e) Perfect Participle Active;
f) Perfect Participle Passive.

1. When keyed the data are held in a small memory called buffer. 2. Data keyed into the memory of a computer by typing on a keyboard are readable by humans. 3. Keyboard enables inputting numerical and text data. 4. The mouse provides the cursor control simplifying user's orientation on the display. 5. Having been constructed recently a new electronic device has important applications in space exploration. 6. Being supplied with a special appliance a television set may have a remote con­trol. 7. The control unit operates by reading one instruction at a time. 8. Improved methods of obtaining three-dimensional television pictures have been worked on the basis of holography.

B. a) Indefinite Infinitive Active; b) Indefinite Infinitive Ibssive;
c) Continuous Infinitive Active; d) Perfect Infinitive Active;
e) Perfect Infinitive Passive.

1. Input devices are used to enter data into primary storage.

2. These data appeared to have been investigated long ago.

3. \№ are glad to have obtained such valuable results. 4. You
should have known wonderful features of computers long ago.
5. The problem to be solved is of great importance to the de­
velopment of this branch of industry. 6. The first amplifying
semiconductor devices (transistors) are known to have been
developed in the USA in 1948. 7. He ordered these devices to
be repaired as soon as possible.


145 _____________________ Unit 10. Personal Computers

3. Прочтите текст. Выберите основную мысль для каждо­го абзаца из предложенных ниже.

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

The personal computer can serve as a work station for the individual today. Moreover, as it has become financially feasi­ble to provide a computer for the individual worker, so also tech­nical developments have made the interface between man and machine increasingly "friendly", so that a wide array of com­puter functions are now accessible to people with no technical background.

A personal computer is a small computer based on a micro­processor; it is a microcomputer. Not all computers, however, are personal computers. A microcomputer can be dedicated to a single task such as controlling a machine tool or metering the injection of fuel into an automobile engine; it can be a word processor, a video game or a "pocket computer" that is not quite a computer. A personal computer is something different: a stand­alone computer that puts a wide array of capabilities at the dis­posal of an individual.

The first generation of true personal computers, which came on the market between 1977 and 1981, had eight-bit micropro­cessors; later introduced systems had 16-bits ones. Now 32-bit microprocessor chips are available, and soon they will be includ­ed in complete computer systems.

1. a) Performance of a wide array of computer functions;

b) Accessibility of PC for not professionals.

c) Friendly interface of a personal computer.

2. a) A microprocessor-based PC;

b) PC — a pocket computer;

c) Comparison of a microcomputer and a PC.

3. a) Microprocessor's capacity;

b) The growth of MPC's capacity;

c) The first generation of personal computers.


Unit 11 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

1. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.

equation [i'kwei/эп] — уравнение, приравнивание

list of instructions — перечень команд

guard ['gad] — защищать; предохранять; завершать; за­канчивать

appropriate sequence [a'propnit 'sikwans] — необходимая (требуемая) последовательность

program logic — логическая последовательность выпол­нения программы

flowchart ['floutfat] — блок-схема; составлять блок-схе­му

flowcharting — построение блок-схемы pictorial representation — наглядное представление

predefined symbols [pndi'famd 'simbslz] — заранее задан­ные символы

specifics [spa'sifiks] — специальные черты; характерные особенности

emplate [im'pleit] — шаблон; маска; образец; эталон

pseudocode ['psju:doukoud] — псевдокод; псевдопро­грамма

burden ['bsidanj — издержки ^затраты programming rules — правила программирования consume [kan'sjuim] — потреблять; расходовать emphasize ['emfasaiz] — выделять; подчеркивать top-down approach — принцип нисходящей разработки

looping logic — логическая схема выполнения (опера­ций) в цикле


147 Unit 11. Computer Programming

2. Прочтите текст и объясните, как вы понимаете термин «компьютерное программирование».

– Конец работы –

Эта тема принадлежит разделу:

Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамот­ности

ДК ББК Англ КТК Р... Научный консультант Соколов С В доктор технических наук профессор действительный член Академии образования и Ака демии Военных наук...

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Все темы данного раздела:

Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.
computer literacy [ksm'pjute 'litsrasi] — компьютерная грамотность problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее решение задачи be aware of [bi a'wesr ov] — понимат

Вспомните образование и случаи употребления The PastSimple Tense.
А. Назовите три формы следующих неправильных глаго­лов: То be; to have; to mean; to learn; to become; to bring; to know; to think; to buy; to pay; to take; to d

Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2
intricate ['mtnkit] — сложный, запутанный, electronic circuit [sbkt'romk 'sa:kit] — электронная цепь, схема to operate switches [ops'reit 'switfiz] — приводить в дей­ствие переключатели

Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec­tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possi

Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков.
1. Information is given into the computer in the form of a) ideas; b) characters; c) rules 2. The basic function of a comp

Подберите к терминам, данным в левой колонке, опре­деления, представленные справа.
1. Computer a) a machine by which information is re- ceived from the computer; 2. Data b) a device capable of storing and manip- ulating numbers, letters

Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1
calculating device [ksllcjiK'leitin di'vais] — вычислительное устройство multiple ['nultiplj — кратный abacus ['aebakss] — счеты slide rule ['slaid 'nil] — логар

Text У. THE FIRST CALCULATING DEVICES
Let us take a look at the history of computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man's hands. This, in fact, is why today we still count in tens an

Подберите вместо пропусковподходящее по смыслу слово.
1. British scientists invented a___ way of multiplying and dividing. a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) optical 2. A new branch of mathematics,____ , was invented in

Прочтите текст и скажите, как вы понимаете термины «обработка информации» и «иерархия запоминания ин­формации».
Text 1. DATA PROCESSING AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS The necessary data are processed by a computer to become useful information. In fact this is th

Подберите к терминам, данным в левой колонке, опре­ деления, представленные справа.
1.Computer ' a) the set of instructions that direct the operations of computers; 2. Computer literacy • b) a part of a computer, entering data into the d

Вспомните значение новых слов и догадайтесь о зна­ чении их производных.
То eliminate: elimination; eliminable; eliminator; unlimited. To respond: respondent; response; responsible; irresponsible; responsibility. Accuracy: inaccura

Прочтите текст и скажите, о каких типах компьютеров и сферах их применения вы узнали.
Text 1.COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE As we know all computer systems perform the functions of inputting, storing, processing, controlling, and outpu

Types of computers
The two basic types of computers are analog and digital. Analog computers simulate physical systems. They operate on the basis of an analogy to the process that is being studied. For ex-

Переведите предложения, содержащие Participle I и Participle II, в функции обстоятельства.
1. When entering the Internet, I always find a lot of inter­esting information. 2. Though never built Babbage's analytical engine was the basis for designing today's computers. 3. When written in a

Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь пере­ вести словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Architecture: communication architecture; computer archi­tecture; disk architecture; microprocessor architecture; network architecture; security architecture; system architecture; virtual ar

STEPS IN THE DEVELOPING OF COMPUTERS
1. In 1948 due to the invention of transistors there appeared the possibility to replace vacuum tubes. The transistor occupied an important place on the way to computer development. The

Согласуйте слова в левой колонке с их интерпретаци­ей, предложенной справа.
1. Computer a) a combination of interconnected circuit elements produced in a chip to perform a definite func­tion 2. Analog computer b) a sequence of instructions en- ab

Unit 5. Computer Systems: An Overview
Crossword 1. Horizontally 1. A

Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь переве­ сти словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Computer, analog computer; digital computer; hybrid com­puter; all-purpose computer; general-purpose computer; fifth-generation computer; game computer; handheld computer; mobile computer; m

Прочтите текст 2 и скажите, какую дополнительную информацию вы узнали о действии основных устройств компьютера.
Text 2. SOME FEATURES OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER It should be noticed that even in a large-scale digital system, such as in a computer, or in a data-processing, control

Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь переве­ сти словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Storage: available storage; buffer storage; computer storage; data storage; magnetic disk storage; magnetic tape storage; in­put storage; intermediate storage; internal storage; laser storag

Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2.
medium (pi. media) — носитель; среда capacity — емкость; объем (памяти); пропускная спо­собность media capacity — емкость носителя data access time — время доступа к данным

Опишите схему.
93__________________________________ Unit 7. Storage 13. Переведите предложения, содержащие всевозможные формы причастий: Participle I, Participle II,

DIGITAL COMPUTER OPERATION
1. A digital computer is a machine capable of performing operations on data represented in digital or number form. The individual operations performed by a digital computer are very simple arithmet

TESTS 1. Вставьте вместо пропусков необходимые слова.
1. The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data in the storage device is called the data____ time. a) sequence; b) access; c) value 2.______ memories have no

Вспомните значение новых слов и попытайтесь переве­сти словосочетания, употребляемые с этими словами.
Direction: backward direction; clockwise direction; counter­clockwise direction; data direction; forward direction; inverse / reverse direction; negative direction; positive direction; print

Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 102
ical parts, their data access time being longer than is that of elec­tronic memories. 8. For this reason most computer systems use el

Text 2. THE CPU MAIN COMPONENTS
As it is known the two functional units of the CPU are the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU). The control unit manages and coordinates the entire computer sys­tem. It obtains

MICROPROCESSOR - A BRAIN ТО THE HARDWARE
1. The microprocessor forms the heart of a microcomputer. The first microprocessors were developed in 1971 as a branch of pocket calculator development. Since then there has been a trem

Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 122
14. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 3. human-readable form — удобная для чтения форма performance [pa'fxmsns] — (р

Проведите грамматический анализ текста 1, найдите в нем инфинитивные и причастные конструкции. Переве­ дите предложения.
6. Переведите сложные предложения: А) бессоюзные; В) с сочинительной связью.Запомните следующие сочинительные союзы: and, but, or, while, both ...

Переведите безличные предложения. Обратите внима­ ние на их специфику.
1. 7/ is well known that personal computers enjoy great pop­ularity among experimenters and hobbyists. 2. // took years to produce a high-speed computer performing a lot of functions. 3. When makin

A MODEM
The piece of equipment that allows a computer to commu­nicate with other computers over telephone lines is called a modem. The modem allows the individual to access informa­tion from all over the w

Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 142
is made up of random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Because RAM is only temporary storage, all microcomputers require some

Text 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded in­structions which enables the computer to solve specific prob­lems or to perform specific functions. Theiessence of computer programmingjis

Переведите предложения, содержащие сослагательное наклонение.
1.1should like to be a top specialist in computer technolo­gy. 2. It is necessary that the program should be debugged (отлажена) by a programmer. 3. It is required that the program

Text 2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Let's assume that we have studied the problem, designed a \ logical plan (our flowchart or pseudocode), and are now ready \ to write the program instructions. The pr

FORTRAN IV
The FORTRAN IVlanguage is oriented toward solving prob­lems of a mathematical nature. The name FORTRAN comes from the combination of the words formula translation. The versi

Переведите условные сложноподчиненные предложе­ ния. Обратите внимание на форму выражения разных типов условия.
I. 1. If you try very hard you can master any language. 2. If you want to master any language you must know at least three thousand words. 3. You willimprove your pronuncia

RPG II Programming language
RPG IIis a business-oriented language. The name stands for report program generator. RPG is considerably different from other programming languages. RPG is, in effect, a large prew

The conversion of symbolic languages
As we see, most of the symbolic languages are oriented to­ward the particular application areas of business or science (math). The one problem with all symbolic languages is that none of them can b

Running the computer program
The operating system is a collection of program provided by the computer's manufacturer that allows us to shedule jobs for the computer, to translate source programs into object programs, to sort d

Определите неличные формы глагола, содержащиеся в следующих предложениях. Переведите их.
1.The problems to be studied are of great importance. 2. The problem studied helped us understand many things. 3. To study the problem we must make some experiments. 4. To study th

A BRIEF HISTORY of the INTERNET
In 1973 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objectiv

ENJOY YOURSELF
Quiz-game "Do you know more about computers"?(Divide into two groups and give answers to even (1 gr.) and odd (2 gr.) question numbers.)

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