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Five Subatomic Particles in a Nutshell

Five Subatomic Particles in a Nutshell - раздел Иностранные языки, Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ Ancient Greeks Philosopher Leucippus And His Pupil Democritus First Spoke Out...

Ancient Greeks philosopher Leucippus and his pupil Democritus first spoke out the idea that all substances consisted of invisible “atomos,” or atoms, as we know them today. They believed these atomos could be divided into smaller and smaller particles until they reached a point that they could no longer be divided. Although they couldn’t see the particles, Leucippus and Democritus tapped into a fundamental truth about our existence: The universe is made up of atoms and these atoms are responsible for life on Earth.

After considerable research and experiments, we now know that atoms can be divided into subatomic particles – protons, neutrons and electrons. Held together by electromagnetic force, these are the building blocks of all matters. Advances in technology, namely particle accelerators, also known as atom smashers, have enabled scientists to break subatomic particles down to even smaller pieces, some in existence for mere seconds. Subatomic particles have two classifications – elementary and composite. Luckily for us, the names of categories can go a long way in helping us understand their structure. Elementary subatomic particles, like quarks, cannot be divided into simpler particles. Composite subatomic particles, like hadrons, can. All subatomic particles share a fundamental property: They have “intrinsic angular momentum”, or spin. It means they rotate in one direction, just like a planet. Oddly enough, this fundamental property is present even when the particle isn’t moving. It’s this spin that makes all the difference.

 

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. Leucippus and Democritus who first suggested the idea of atoms were ___ philosophers.

a) Greek b) Roman c) German

2. The atom consists of three main subatomic particles: ___.

a) neutron, electron, quark b) hadron, neutrino, boson c) proton, neutron, electron

3. The main property of all subatomic particles is the presence of ___.

a) spin b) speed c) spark

 

13.4. Граматика. Повторення часових форм дієслова: групи Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous

Вправа 3. Заповніть пропуски одним з варіантів.

1. Mr. Black always ___ on a drawing board.

a) is drawing b) have drawn c) draws

2. These young men ___ at an English technical college in 2002–2004.

a) studied b) studies c) will study

3. I ___ the device when you come.

a) will been test b) have tested c) will be testing

4. Teachers sometimes ___ tables and diagrams before a lecture.

a) hangs b) hang c) hanging

5. The students ___ to the institute by tram tomorrow.

a) go b) will go c) have gone

6. You ___ for your girl-friend now.

a) are waiting b) is waiting c) waits

7. I ___ for 2 hours when she drops in tomorrow.

a) translated b) will translate c) will have been translating

8. My daughter ___ French for 5 years.

a) have been learning b) has been learning c) learns

9. The scientist ___ a very interesting experiment when we entered the lab.

a) was making b) is making c) were making

10. She ___ to a friend of mine at the moment.

a) talked b) talks c) is talking

11. Researchers of this laboratory ___ new equipment for TV communication via outer space.

a) have developed b) has developed c) developing

12. The scientist ___ his research by the beginning of the conference.

a) have completed b) had completed c) will complete

13. They ___ their translation of the texts before you return.

a) finish b) will have finished c) will finish

14. He ___ a letter for an hour when I came.

a) wrote b) was writing c) had been writing

15. My father ___ from a business trip.

a) has just returned b) have just returned c) just returns

Вправа 4. Визначте часову групу. Запишіть речення у Past та Future.

1. The job gives her satisfaction. 2. Students are making an experiment in the laboratory. 3. We have already finished our experiments. 4. He has been working at this problem for two years.

13.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 5. Поставте дієслова в дужках у потрібну часову форму.

1. They already (to apply) new methods in their research. 2. Our country (to develop) into a powerful state and (to make) great progress in all fields of industry, technology and science. 3. By the end of the 19th century scientists (to make) the first attempts to obtain synthetic materials. 4. The workers (to build) this new house by the beginning of the next year. 5. These shops (to produce) some new chemical apparatus now. 6. The water in the tube (to boil) at the moment. 7. The laboratory assistant (to write) down all the data during the whole experiment yesterday. 8. They (to mount) the machine-tools from 2 to 7 o’clock tomorrow.

Вправа 6. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на вживання різних часових форм.

– Чим ти займаєшся? – Перекладаю текст.

– Ти часто перекладаєш тексти? – Так.

– Як часто ти робиш переклади? – Я звичайно перекладаю один текст на день.

– Як давно ти робиш переклади з іноземної мови? – Я перекладаю тексти з того часу, як почав учити англійську.

– Ти сьогодні переклав які-небудь тексти? – Так, я сьогодні переклав один текст і завтра збираюсь перекласти ще один.

– Коли ти завтра будеш робити переклад? – Завтра я буду перекладати текст з другої до третьої години.

 

Вправа 7. Складіть листа з розповіддю про свою країну, використовуючи активні слова та вирази (710 речень).

 

Lesson 14. Education in Ukraine

14.1. Розмовна тема. Освіта в Україні

G Active Vocabulary:

Pre-school education; compulsory education; fee-paying education; obligatory subjects; slant; optional courses; gymnasium; lyceum; extra-curricular activities; vocational training school; postgraduate education; applicant.

Present day independent Ukraine has a well-developed system of education which matches the standards of the developed countries. Pre-school education is not compulsory and is fee-paying. Most parents take their children to nursery schools or kindergartens at the age of 3. Up to the age of 5 children mostly eat, sleep and play there, but in senior groups they are taught the basics of arithmetic, reading, writing, and arts and foreign languages in some schools.

Compulsory secondary education begins at the age of 6–7 and is free in state schools and fee-paying in private ones. Some schools, especially those with language slant, have preparatory classes. Secondary education includes three stages: primary (1st – 4th grades), basic (5th – 9th grades) and senior (10th – 11th grades). Recently new types of schools have appeared: gymnasiums and lyceums. In addition, there are schools with advanced learning of sciences, computers, law, and art. All the subjects in the secondary schools are obligatory but there are optional courses that students of senior grades can take in addition to the required ones.

Extra-curricular activities usually include a variety of sports and drama clubs, interest groups and various school parties.

Those senior students, who want to get qualification alongside the secondary education, can go to vocational training school. Post-secondary education is provided by technical schools and colleges that train young specialists in different trades.

Institutions of higher learning (higher educational establishments) include universities, academies, institutes and conservatories. To enter a higher educatuional institution all applicants have to pass special tests in various subjects. Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv National Technical University, Karazin National University, National Technical University “KhPI” and many others are among the best known higher educational establishments.

Postgraduate education begins after the last year of studies and usually results in a thesis on the chosen scientific theme and the degree of Candidate of Sciences. Doctor’s Degree is awarded for outstanding scientific research.

Вправа 1. Доповніть речення інформацією з тексту.

1. There are some stages of education in Ukraine, they are: ___. 2. Compulsory secondary education begins ___ and is ___ in state schools but ___ in private schools. 3. Vocational schools provide ___ education and train specialists in different ___. 4. Institutions of higher education include ___. 5. The most famous higher educational establishments are ___. 6. ___ begins after the last year at University.

14.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Перекладіть англійською.

1. Більшість вищих навчальних закладів пропонують п’ятирічну програму навчання. 2. Учні не повинні носити шкільну форму. 3. Приватна освіта – платна. 4. Обов’язкова середня освіта представлена державними загально-освітніми школами та приватними школами. 5. Дошкільну освіту малята отримують у дитячих садочках, за які батьки мають платити. 6. Освіта в незалежній України добре розвинена і відповідає стандартам країн Західної Європи.

 

14.3. Читання

– Конец работы –

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Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ

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There are many species of insects.   Існує багато видів комах. many species of insects in

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It is him who invented this machine. Саме він винайшов цю машину. It is the helmet that saved my life.

Speech Patterns
It is important for him to know these laws Йому важливо знати ці закони. It is necessary to rev

Speech Patterns
either ... or або ... або You may choose to study either English or French. Ви можете вибрати, що вивчати – або англійську, або французьку.

Speech Patterns
He appeared to have forgotten my address. Виявилось, що він забув мою адресу. seems Здається, в

Speech Patterns
The years to come Наступні роки The words to remember Слова, що треба запам’ятати The things to d

Speech Patterns
He is anything but lazy. Він далеко не ледащий. It pleasant. Це зовсім не приємно.

Speech Patterns
If it were not for X ... we would ... Якби не Х, ми б ... If it were not for hope, the heart would break. Якби не надія,

Speech Patterns
I will get round to it. Я якось займусь цим. I can never see her. Я ніяк не можу в

Speech patterns
He is well on his way to mastering English. Він далеко просунувся у вивченні англійської. recovery. Він скор

Speech Patterns
The more ..., the more ... Чим ..., тим ... The faster you drive, the more petrol the car uses. Чим швидше ви їдете, тим

Speech Patterns
However Однак Although Хоча; незважаючи на те, що In fact Насправді, фактично

Length Conversion
UK/USA unit Metric (SI) unit Metric (SI) unit UK/USA unit Inch 2.54 centimeters Ce

AreaConversion
UK /USA unit Metric (SI) unit Metric (SI) unit UK /USA unit Acre 0.40 hectare Hect

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