рефераты конспекты курсовые дипломные лекции шпоры

Реферат Курсовая Конспект

Заперечна форма

Заперечна форма - раздел Иностранные языки, Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ Заперечна Частка Not Ставиться Після Першого Допоміжн...

Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова.

The letter is not written (every day).

The letter was not written (yesterday).

The letter willnot be written (tomorrow).

The letter isnot being written (now).

The letter wasnot being written (at 5 o’clock yesterday).

The letter hasnot been written (already).

The letter hadnot been written (by 5 o’clock yesterday).

The letter willnot have been written (by 5 o’clock tomorrow).

G Запам’ятайте! У пасивному стані лише допоміжне дієслово змінюється за часом.

Див. таблицю часових форм дієслів у пасивному стані в додатку 3 (Appendix III).

G Запам’ятайте прислів’я з Passive Voice!

Marriages are made in heaven. The road to hell is paved with good intensions.

Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски дієсловом to be у потрібній формі та перекладіть речення.

1. Our laboratory ___ provided with all necessary equipment next year. 2. These modern houses ___ built last year. 3. My friend ___ asked at the lesson yesterday. 4. The old houses ___ reconstructed in our city now. 5. We ___ offered an interesting work tomorrow. 6. This novel ___ written by Charles Dickens. 7. When ___ Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute founded? 8. The newspapers ___ usually brought in the morning. 9. An interesting problem ___ discussed at the last lecture. 10. The academic year ___ divided in two terms. 11. The experiments ___ completed by the end of the week. 12. Metallic objects ___ attracted by a magnet.

Вправа 5. Змініть речення з активу в пасив, не змінюючи часової форми дієслова.

1. Bob mailed the package yesterday. – The package ___ by Bob yesterday. 2. Mr. Butler delivers mail. – Our mail ___ by Mr. Butler. 3. The children have eaten the cake. – The cake ___ by the children. 4. Linda is writing a letter at the moment. – A letter ___ by Linda at the moment. 5. The jeweler is going to fix my watch. – My watch ___ by the jeweler. 6. Ms. Bond will teach our class. – Our class ___ by Ms. Bond. 7. That company employs many people. – Many people ___ by that company. 8. The secretary is going to fax the letters. – The letters ___ by the secretary. 9. Microsoft Company has hired Sue. – Sue ___ by Microsoft Company. 10. Our university students took the exams last week. – The exams ___ by our university students last week. 11. Mr. Adams had done the work by Friday. – The work ___ by Mr. Adams by Friday. 12. Mrs. Fox is washing the windows now. – The windows ___ by Mrs. Fox now.

14.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 6. Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані.

1. The Earth attracts the Moon. 2. Shevchenko wrote “Kateryna”. 3. They will build the palace. 4. Students have translated the texts at home. 5. The teacher is examining the student at the moment. 6. The BBC was broadcasting the news from 8 till 8-30 p.m. 7. They had tested the device by 6 o’clock. 8. The antivirus programme will check all the files only by the evening.

 

Вправа 7. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у потрібній формі пасиву.

1. Those books (to return) to the library yesterday. 2. The patient (to take) to the hospital last week, and (to operate) on tomorrow morning. 3. This instrument (to check) two times a year. 4. Litter must not (to leave) here. 5. This newspaper (not to read) because the pages (not to cut). 6. Dictionaries may not (to use) at the examination. 7. Usually the experiments (to carry out) every day, but they (not to make) yesterday. 8. Thousands of new houses (to build) every year. 9. These methods often (to apply) in production.

Вправа 8. Складіть розповідь про освіту в Україні, використовуючи активні слова та словосполучення.

Lesson 15. Our Alma Mater

15.1. Розмовна тема. Наш університет

National Technical University “KhPI”

G Active Vocabulary:

respectively – відповідно; outstanding scientist – видатний вчений; to admit – приймати; Academic Council – вчена рада; employee – робітник; design – проектування; to contribute – робити внесок; to appoint – призначати; position – посада; to grant – надавати; recognition – визнання; contribution – внесок; development – розвиток; extramural department – заочне відділення; alumnus (pl. alumni) – випускник; thin film – тонка плівка; strength of materials – опір матеріалів.

The history of National Technical University “KhPI” goes back to the year of 1885. It is that year when Kharkiv Institute of Technology, or KhIT (the original name of our University), was founded. The KhIT was the first technical higher educational institution in the south of the Russian Empire. When the Institute was opened it had only two faculties: mechanical and chemical and 125 students (85 at the mechanical and 40 students at the chemical faculties respectively). The founder and the first director of our Institute was Professor V.L. Kirpichov, an outstanding scientist in the field of mechanics.

By the beginning of the 20th century the students’ body of the KhIT had already numbered 1,000 students and 250 students were admitted each year. A lot of outstanding scientists whose names are known all over the world worked in KhIT at that time. They were: A.M. Lyapunov, V.A. Steklov, N.N. Beketov, K.A. Zvorikin, N.D. Pilchikov and many others. The Institute also had close contacts with such great world known scientists as D.I. Mendeleyev and N.A. Zhukovsky who were elected Honorary Members of the Academic Council of our Institute in 1904 and in 1911 respectively.

In 1930 five independent higher educational institutions for mechanical engineering, electrical technology, chemical technology, engineering & construction and aviation were set up on the basis of five separate faculties of the institute.

During the years of the World War II over three thousand professors, students and employees of the institute joined the Army. Evacuated to the cities of Krasnoufimsk and Chirchiq, the institute not only continued training engineering staff, but also solved urgent scientific problems related to strengthening the defense of the country (such as contributing to the tank design work led by Alexander Morozov, one of the key experts in the development of T-34 tank).

In 1949 four higher educational establishments, namely the institutes for mechanical engineering, chemical technology, electrical technology and the institute of the cement industry reunited into the V.I. Lenin Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute. Professor Mikhail Semko was appointed its rector and stayed at this position for 30 years.

In April 1994 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine granted Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute the university status, so it was renamed to Kharkiv State Polytechnic University (KhSPU).

On the 11th of September 2000 (two thousand) our Institute was given the name of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”. The status of “National” is a recognition of our Institute contribution to the development of national higher education, science and economy.

NTU “KhPI” is one of the leading higher educational establishments of Ukraine. It is also one of the largest and oldest not only in our city but in our country as well. There are more than 20 departments training students for more than 90 specialities (at day-time and extramural departments). During its glorious history our Polytechnic has trained more than 130,000 specialists. Among them are such noted alumni and employees as Lev Landau, Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner (1962); Nikolay Beketov, Russian physical chemist; Mikhail Gurevich, Soviet aircraft designer; Anton Valter, Soviet nuclear physicist, one of the founders of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology and many others.

Scientific schools well-known all over Ukraine and the world are developed in the fields of physics of thin films, dynamics and strength of materials, cutting machinery, design and production of turbines etc.

Many University departments cooperate with foreign countries: Germany, Hungary, Austria, France and America in various fields of modern technology and business.

Вправа 1. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. When was our university founded? 2. Who was the founder and the first director of our university? 3. What outstanding scientists worked at our university at the beginning of the 20th century? 4. When was our Institute given the name of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”? 5. How many departments are there in NTU “KhPI”? 6. What scientific schools are developed in our university? 7. What foreign countries does our University cooperate with? 8. What famous alumni of NTU “KhPI” do you know?

Вправа 2. Доповніть діалоги, розіграйте їх у парах.

1. – I am going to be a/an ___ – Why? – For a number of reasons. – What reasons? – The main one is ___. – Where are you going to study? – I am going to study ___.

2.– Have you passed your exams? – Yes, it was not very difficult. – It is because you worked ___. – Well, it was all right in ___, but I did not do so well in ___. – And what about your ___? – Not so bad, ___.

15.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 3. Поставте запитання до стверджувальних речень за темою «Наш університет».

1. The history of National Technical University “KhPI” goes back to the year of 1885. 2. A lot of outstanding scientists worked in the KhIT. 3. By the beginning of the 20th century the students’ body of the KhIT had already numbered 1,000 students. 4. The KhIT was the first technical higher educational institution in the south of Russian Empire. 5. Professor M.F. Semko was appointed the Rector of the Polytechnic Institute. 6. The Institute had close contacts with such great world known scientists as D.I. Mendeleyev and N.A. Zhukovsky.

Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски у тексті (лист до друга з розповіддю про навчання в НТУ „ХПІ”).

September, ___, 20___.

My dear friend ___,

I want to tell you a few words about my university.

I am a first-year student of ___ University. My University is in ___ street / square next to the ___ Metro station / bus / tram stop. My University is / is not large. There are few / quite a few lecture halls, rooms for studies and laboratories there. Its research laboratories are / are not provided with the most up-to-date equipment. The scientists of our University carry out research in various fields such as ___. There are very many / some / no well-known scientists working at our University.

My major is ___. As a first-year student I am not doing any research yet but I am planning to take part in the research activities of our department next year / in a year / in the third year. I am going to graduate from the University in ___.

Now I live in a hostel quite near to / rather far away from the University. I share the room with first year / graduate students. They are quite / not really friendly. Along with studying I am also interested in ___. We have all the opportunities to train any kind of sports at our sports grounds and special facilities.

I would like to know about your student’s life and your educational establishment. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Love. Your friend ___.

15.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What’s a Neutrino?

A neutrino, an elementary particle, whose existence was first suggested by physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, is electrically neutral and can pass through ordinary substances intact, rarely interacting with other particles. Neutrinos are believed to have a very small mass or possibly no mass whatsoever.

Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe. They are also one of the least understood. Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons. Neutrinos are affected only by a “weak” sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles, but gravity is by far the weakest of the four known forces.

Three types of neutrinos are known; there is strong evidence that no additional neutrinos exist, unless their properties are unexpectedly very different from the known types. Each type of neutrino is related to a charged particle (which gives the corresponding neutrino its name). Hence, the “electron neutrino” is associated with the electron, and two other neutrinos are associated with heavier versions of the electron called the muon and the tau (elementary particles are frequently labelled with Greek letters, to confuse the layman).

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The existence of a neutrino was predicted by physicist ___.

a) Enrico Fermi b) Niels Bohr c) Wolfgang Pauli

2. Neutrinos are ___.

a) electrically neutral b) positively charged c) negatively charged

3. There are ___ types of neutrinos.

a) seven b) two c) three

4. It is considered that a neutrino has a very small ___.

a) mass b) energy c) size

 

☺ Smile !

– How many programmers does it take to change a light-bulb?

– None. It’s a hardware problem.

15.4. Граматика. Особливості вживання пасивного стану

Речення у пасивному стані в англійській мові вживаються значно частіше, ніж в українській. Підметом речення в пасивному стані може бути прямий, непрямий, а також прийменниковий додаток.

Реченню в активному стані з двома додатками відповідають 2 речення в пасивному стані, наприклад:

The teacher showed us the new book. – Wewere shown the new book.

The new book was shown to us.

При перетворенні в пасивний стан речення з прийменниковим додатком прийменник залишається на своєму місці – після дієслова:

Everybody were looking at him. – He was being looked at by everybody.

 

Вправа 5. Перепишіть речення в пасивному стані у 2-х варіантах.

1. They showed him the way to the station. 2. Mother told her the news when she returned home. 3. The company offers us the goods at low prices. 4. The chief has given the workers the detailed instructions. 5. They promised him immediate help. 6. The friends presented her a new smartphone. 7. You will send me all the necessary data. 8. They have given him 2 hours to make his decision. 9. We paid the lawyers $200 for their job. 10. He made her a proposition yesterday.

Вправа 6. Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані.

1. We use these clothes only on special occasions. 2. He published the book last year. 3. Somebody has opened the door and turned on the light. 4. They will answer you in some days. 5. Who wrote this novel? 6. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 7. We have looked for the wallet everywhere. 8. Nobody has visited him. 9. They will have finished the work by twelve. 10. The students are taking the exams now. 11. The nurse is looking after the children.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення. Визначте час та стан присудка у кожному реченні.

1. The Nobel Prize was awarded to British scientists for this outstanding discovery. 2. Lasers have been used by communication and building workers, drillers etc. They are also designed to help doctors and scientists in their research. 3. Experts believe that by the end of the decade lasers will have been used in more spheres. 4. When computers were designed they found wide application in industry. 5. Polypropylene resins are being used in films, tubes and hundreds of other industrial articles. 6. Polymers are machined much easier than wood, stone or metal, therefore so much attention is being paid to these man-made materials at present. 7. The construction of the road was being completed when the chief arrived.

15.6. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Поставте присудок у реченнях в усі форми пасивного стану. Виберіть необхідний індикатор часу: always, often, in 2001, yesterday, at five o’clock tomorrow, in a week, today, by the end of the month, when I came in, by the time of our arrival, at the moment, during the break, just.

1. The articles are translated by Peter. 2. The devices are constructed by our engineers.

Вправа 9. Перепишіть речення у пасивнму станні в 2-х варіантах.

1. The scientists are explaining us the situation on the steel market. 2. He will prove them the possibility of using these materials. 3. The reporter showed the audience the charts and diagrams. 4. She gives me a nice example of creative work. 5. The parents have sent him some money.

 

Вправа 10. Складіть розповідь про свій вищий навчальний заклад з використанням активних слів та виразів.

 

Lesson 16. My Department

16.1. Розмовна тема. Мій факультет

Вправа 1. Доповніть текст даними про ваш факультет.

The department of ___ was founded in ___.

It trains specialists for ___ industry.

It closely cooperates with industrial enterprises such as ___.

Besides training specialists our department conducts research and scientific work.

Many well-known scientists such as ___ worked at our department.

At present time the department trains specialists in ___ specialities. These specialities are: ___.

Graduates of our department work at ___.

Прочитайте про різні факультети деяких університетів світу (див. Appendix I).

 

16.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 2. Дайте відповіді на запитання про один з факультетів вашого ВНЗ.

1. When was the department founded? 2. What industry does it train specialists for? 3. What industrial enterprises does it cooperate with? 4. Who of well-known scientists worked at the department? 5. How many specialities are there at the department? 6. Where do graduates of the department work at?

16.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What Does the Large Hadron Collider Do?

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently being installed in a 27-kilometer ring buried deep below the countryside on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland. It started its operation in 2007, and became the world’s most powerful particle accelerator. During the experiments, high-energy protons in two counter-rotating beams are smashed together in a search for signatures of supersymmetry, dark matter and the origins of mass.

The beams are made up of bunches containing billions of protons. Traveling at a whisker below the speed of light they are injected, accelerated, and kept circulating for hours, guided by thousands of powerful superconducting magnets.

The experiments’ detectors will watch carefully as the energy of colliding protons transforms into thousands of exotic particles. The detectors could see up to 600 million collision events per second, with the experiments trying to obtain the data for signs of extremely rare events such as the creation of the much-sought Higgs boson.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful ___.

a) laser b) particle accelerator c) atomic power plant

2. The LHC is built in ___.

a) Switzerland b) France c) America

3. During the experiments, the beams of high energy ___ collide.

a) molecules b) protons c) electrons

4. The scientists try to observe the creation of ___.

a) Dirac’s positron b) Rutherford’s atom c) Higgs boson

 

16.4. Граматика. Особливості перекладу пасивних конструкцій

В англійській мові пасивний стан вживається частіше, ніж в українській. Існує декілька випадків, коли переклад присудка у пасивному стані становить певні труднощі.

1. Якщо у пасивному стані є носій дії (by somebody), то при перекладі можна вживати особову форму дієслова в активному стані:

The news is brougt by my sister.Новину принесла моя сестра.

2. Якщо присудок у пасивній конструкції виражений дієсловом з прийменником, то підмет перекладають додатком з відповідним прийменником, а присудок – неозначено–особовою формою дієслова.

The doctor was sent for. – Послали за лікарем.

The child is being looked after. – За дитиною доглядають.

G Запам’ятайте дієслова з прийменником!

to look for – шукати to wait for – чекати
to look through – переглядати to pay attention to – звертати увагу на
to work on – працювати над to listen to – слухати
to refer to – посилатися на to rely on – покладатися на

 

3. Безособові конструкції перекладають наступним чином:

It is known that ... – Відомо, що ... It is expected that ... – Чекають, що ...
It is said that ... – Говорять, що ... It should be mentioned that ... – Слід згадати, що ...

 

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на дієслова, які потребують після себе прийменника.

1. He was listened to with great attention. 2. The child was looked for everywhere. 3. The documents were sent for a week ago. 4. Her children will be taken care of. 5. She is always waited for. 6. Tsiolkovsky’s works are often referred to at present. 7. He doesn’t like to be laughed at. 8. The results of the last experiment were constantly referred to by the professor.

Вправа 4. Поставте дієслово в дужках у необхідному часі.

1. The inventor of the radio, Popov, (to bear) in 1859. 2. The work (to do) by students at the laboratory. 3. The mother (to tell) not to worry about her sick boy. 4. He (to examine) soon by the doctor. 5. The cat (to call) Pussy, but my little sister (to call) it Push. 6. Great progress (to make) in radio engineering since that time. 7. The first two-electrode valve (to make) in 1904. 8. Great progress (to achieve) in the field of electronics. 9. I (to give) a kitten last week.

Вправа 5. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у Passive Voice.

1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 3. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 4. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.

– Конец работы –

Эта тема принадлежит разделу:

Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ... ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНИЙ ІНСТИТУТ English FOR TECHNICAL STUDENTS...

Если Вам нужно дополнительный материал на эту тему, или Вы не нашли то, что искали, рекомендуем воспользоваться поиском по нашей базе работ: Заперечна форма

Что будем делать с полученным материалом:

Если этот материал оказался полезным ля Вас, Вы можете сохранить его на свою страничку в социальных сетях:

Все темы данного раздела:

Introducing people Представлення людей
Let me introduce myself. My name is D. Дозвольте відрекомендуватись. Мене звати Д. May I introduce Mr. N.? Allow me to introduce Mr. N

Вживання
· Живі істоти Однина Множина The man’s bag The men’s bags The boy’s bic

Young Organist
Back in 2002, when former church organist David Christianson purchased an Oberlinger organ for his home, he thought maybe he would play from time to time to relax. But, as it turns out, he can’t do

Teen Scientist Gets High Honor from Obamas
Li Boynton, 18, a senior at Bellaire High School, says meeting the president and first lady in White House will top the stack of academic honors she has accumulated. In the fifth grade, Li

Приклади.
1. He has got a dog. 2. He has not got a dog. 3. Has he got a dog? G Запам’ятайте! to have dinner (breakfast, lunch, supper) to have a

Прийменники
Передача українських відмінків за допомогою англійських прийменників Відмінок в українській мові Прийменники в англійській мові

MY HOBBY
What is a hobby? It is what you can and like to do, when you have free time. We choose a hobby according to our character and taste. When we have a hobby, our life becomes more interesting. Very of

An Unusual Hobby
Hi, I’m Ron Hawker. I started riding the unicycle when I was 11 years old. My mother gave me a unicycle as a Christmas present. I have never been a good athlete, so it took me a long time to learn

Travelling by Air
G Active Vocabulary: to travel – подорожувати; to fly – літати; a flight – peйc; to catch a plane – встигнути на літак; to miss a plane – запізнитись на літак; to board a

Some Murphy Laws For Frequent Flyers
· No flight ever leaves on time unless you are running late and need the delay to make the flight. · If you are running late for a flight, it will depart from the farthest gate within the

Типи речень
В англійській мові виділяють 4 типи речень. 1) Стверджувальне: The students work in the laboratory twice a week. 2) Заперечне

Dialogue at a booking office
– Good afternoon. Can I help you? – Hello, I’d like to book a ticket to Kiev. – What date do you want to leave? – On the 25th of November. – Single or

The Benefits of a Cruise Holiday
G Active Vocabulary: to be faced – стикатись; prospect – перспектива; quandary – скрутне становище; available – що є в наявності; span – короткий відрізок часу; itinerary

Форма питального речення
Will I (he, you, we, they, my friend) study at the University next year?   Таблиця часових форм дієслова наведена у додатку (Appendix III).

Going Through the Customs
Знайдіть в тексті та вивчіть наведені нижче слова і словосполучення. Here is my passport (visa, health certificate, certificate of vaccination, declaration form). Have you

The Past Continuous Tense (Минулий тривалий час)
Випадки вживання Приклади a) Тривала дія, яка відбувається в деякий момент часу в минулому (at 5 o’clock yesterday – о п’ятій годині в

The Procedure of Telephoning
Telephoning is very simple. You look up the necessary number in the telephone directory; then you pick up the receiver and wait for the signal (buzz, buzzing sound). Next you make the

Telephone Conversation
– Stanley Hydraulic Tools. Can I help you? – I’d like to speak to Mr. Warner, please. – Mr. Warner? What is your name, please? – This is Boris Frolov, from HM Systems. – Would you spell your name,

Interesting Facts about Telephones
· Valdemar Poulsen, the Danish telephone engineer and inventor, patented what he called a “telegraphone” in 1898. The telegraphone was the first practical apparatus for magnetic sound recording and

The Past Perfect Tense (Минулий перфектний час)
Випадки вживання Приклади a) Дія, яка закінчилась до деякого моменту у минулому (by 5 o’clock yesterday – до 5 години вчора).

Room amenities
· Private Bathroom / Shower · Satellite TV Channels · Hair Dryer · Telephone · Mini-Bar / Fridge

Some Tips on Staying at a Hotel
When travelling, people almost always stay at hotels. It is advisable, therefore, to remember the following: 1. The first thing to do is to book a room in advance either by letter, telepho

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Минулий перфектно-тривалий)
Випадки вживання Приклади Незавершена дія, яка почалась у минулому і триває до певного часу у минулому. Зазвичай вказується інтервал ч

Crossing your Fingers
Many western cultures make this gesture when wishing for good luck. A hand with the index and middle fingers crossed is even the logo for the UK’s National Lottery. In Vietnam, however, this is an

Here are some final tips for travellers
· In France you shouldn’t sit down in a cafe until you’ve shaken hands with everyone you know. · In Afghanistan you should spend at least five minutes saying hello. · In Pakistan

Five Subatomic Particles in a Nutshell
Ancient Greeks philosopher Leucippus and his pupil Democritus first spoke out the idea that all substances consisted of invisible “atomos,” or atoms, as we know them today. They believed these atom

Вправа 6. Передайте речення у Passive Voice.
1. They broke the window last week. 2. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 3. We will do the work in the evening. 4. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 5. They were playing tennis fro

Прочитайте текст.
What is Classical Physics? Classical physics is a branch of physics in which matter and energy are two separate concepts. Based primarily on Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of mot

Приклади утворення
Звичайний ступінь Порівняльний ступінь Найвищий ступінь big bigger the biggest

Приклади
He is in the farthest corner of the garden. – Він у самому дальньому куточку саду. Further information will be given later. – Наступну інформацію Ви отримаєте пізніше. He is 5 yea

Industry, Science and Education in Kharkov
The city of Kharkiv was founded over 350 years ago at the crossroads of major transportation routes. It has now become one of Ukraine’s largest centres for science, industry and culture. T

Прочитайте текст.
What is Fiber Optics? Fiber optic technology allows humans to control the path of a beam of light by confining it within ductile, transparent materials, like cords of plas

Some Interesting Facts About Australia
· The black box flight recorder for aircraft was invented in Australia in 1958 by the Aeronautical research scientist David Warren. · The first official world surfing championship was held

London Museums and Art Galleries
G Active Vocabulary: a fortress – фортеця; a manuscript – рукопис; contemporary – сучасний; armour – лати; twofold – подвійний; garrison – гарнізон; custody – зберігання.

Universities in Great Britain
There are 46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Bristol, and Birmingham. Oxford &

Вправа 8. Розгадайте кросворд.
        c       &n

Los Angeles
Los Angeles, Spanish for “The Angels”, is the most populous city in California and the second largest in the United States, after New York City, with a population of 3.8 million, on a land a

The Fascinating World of Crystals
Just what are crystals? A crystal is an organized grouping of atoms, or molecules. Each crystal has different properties and shapes. For example, sugar crystals are oblong and slanted at the ends;

Harvard University
G Active Vocabulary: prominent – видатний; distinctly – виразно; outlook – світогляд; clergy – духовенство; scope – масштаб; to diversify – урізноманітнювати; to command r

The Black Sea Pollution
The story about the Black Sea pollution starts like almost any other pollution story. Once, about half a decade ago, the Black Sea had very rich and diverse marine ecosystems. It also had major eco

Приклади.
He said that he often went to the skating rink. he had gone the skating rink the last week. he would go to the

Вправа 3. Передайте речення непрямою мовою.
1. The teacher explained, “In fact every hydraulic system can be reduced to a simple pump-motor system”. 2. The expert said, “Laser cutting is excellent at processing different materials”. 3. The r

Land Pollution
A: You know, lots of people in the world think it’s important to live green. B: Yes, but some of them are not aware of how much pollution exists. A: So, do you know

Eat Organic
· When you eat organic foods, you are supporting farmers that do not use pesticides which are harmful to the environment. · Organic foods will cost a bit more, but they are better both for

Global warming
Today our planet is warming. Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening: ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles; the number of penguins on Antarctica

Overpopulation
With the number of people on the globe over 7 billion, the impact of human populations on the environment has been severe. Every year, more than 81 million people add the world-wide populati

Cruise Liners Are Contaminating Our Oceans
Luxury cruise liners that carry millions of passengers to remote corners of the globe are polluting the seas and endangering marine life. The new super-liners, which can accommodate u

Planet Earth Is 4,600 Million Years Old
If we pretend that our planet is like a person, we can compare the Earth with a man of 46 years of age. Nothing is ___ about the first 7 years of this person’s life, and very little ___ can be foun

Bees Are in Danger
Since the 1980s, beekeepers and observers of nature have been noticing that bees are disappearing, particularly in Europe and the United States. The phenomenon reached a peak during the winter of 2

Вправа 4. Передайте непрямою мовою.
1. Mike hasn’t come to school today. – The teacher says that Mike hasn’t сотe to school today. 2. Are you going anywhere for the weekend? – Tom asked me ___. 3. I’m really angry with

My family
Satomi (Japan) There are five members in my family: my mom, dad, grandmother, brother and myself. My dad works for a golf company. My mom is a housewife. My brother is majoring in tourism

Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He enjoyed classical music and played the violin. One story Einstein liked to tell about his childhood was of a wonder he saw when he was four or five y

Marie Curie
Marie Sklodowska-Curie, one of the few people to win two Noble Prizes in different fields, was one of the most significant researchers of radiation and its effects as a pioneer of radiology. Until

George and Robert Stephensons
George Stephenson won world-wide acclaim with his “Rocket” but he said that much of the credit belonged to his son Robert. Robert supervised the building of the “Rocket”, and later improved

Thomas Alve Edison
G Active Vocabulary: his teacher thought him very stupid – вчитель вважав його дуже дурним; boxed his ear – сильно вдарив його у вухо: on the track – на рельсах.

Boarding and accommodation on board
· Find out if the class of the car you are boarding is in the front, middle or rear of the train and stay on the platform accordingly. Ask the staff on the platform. In some countries, stations are

Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
Nuclear Science and Engineering is an intellectually exciting and socially important discipline, supporting a wide range of applications. Our department presently consists of 28 faculty an

The Department of Chemistry
Each year some 170 chemists graduate after a four-year course which includes a year of research and about 80 graduates receive doctorates. The Oxford Chemistry course is second to none in

The Department of Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory was founded in 1871, along with the appointment of James Clerk Maxwell as the first Cavendish Professor. It has a distinguished intellectual history, with 29 Nobel prizewin

School Life for a British Boy (Written by Erik)
My School is a mixed 11–18 school. There are about 1,150 students in my school, including 200 in the sixth form. It is called a Technology College and specializes in Computers and Maths. My school

A Dying Technology
Incinerators and landfills are both attempts to answer the question, “what do we do with waste?” Over the last century, governments have invested billions of dollars in increasingly

Spray-On Solar-Power Cells Are True Breakthrough
Scientists have invented a plastic solar cell that can turn the sun’s power into electrical energy, even on a cloudy day. The plastic material uses nanotechnology and contains the first sola

Electrical Sweaters
The new material could make technology truly wireless. Sargent said that the plastic coating could be woven into a shirt or sweater and used to charge an item like a cell phone. “A

Choose one of the options.
1. Fossil fuels were formed from ____. a) ancient plants and animals b) carbon c) water 2. Chemically fossil fuels are ___. a) compounds of oxygen b) acids c) hydrocarbon

Choose one of the options.
1. Refraction is the process of natural ___ of light. a) shining b) dissolution c) bending 2. When light passes through a prism, one can see different ___. a) pictures b)

Choose one of the options.
1. Most metals are extracted from ___. a) ore b) ear c) air 2. Ore always contains ___. a) all the chemical elements b) some impurities c) only pure metal 3. To

Choose one of the options.
1. A mouse is ___. a) a computer virus b) a system software c) an input device 2. Early computers used ___ cards to receive data. a) punched b) playing c) credit

Choose one of the options.
1. A computer addict is a person who ___. a) writes computer programmes b) spends most of his time at a computer c) can add well 2. The most important things for computer

Choose one of the options.
1. Cooled lava formed many ___. a) cities b) islands c) continents 2. Molten rock deep below the Earth’s crust is called ___. a) enigma b) sigma c) magma 3. Volc

Choose one of the options.
1. The first successful flight over Mars was performed ___. a) in the late 1960s b) last year c) at the beginning of 20th century 2. Observations proved that Mars is __

Choose one of the options.
1. An electric car is powered by ___. a) an electric motor b) a diesel engine c) an internal combustion engine 2. Batteries are recharged ___. a) only at service stations

Speech Patterns
There are many species of insects.   Існує багато видів комах. many species of insects in

Speech patterns
It is him who invented this machine. Саме він винайшов цю машину. It is the helmet that saved my life.

Speech Patterns
It is important for him to know these laws Йому важливо знати ці закони. It is necessary to rev

Speech Patterns
either ... or або ... або You may choose to study either English or French. Ви можете вибрати, що вивчати – або англійську, або французьку.

Speech Patterns
He appeared to have forgotten my address. Виявилось, що він забув мою адресу. seems Здається, в

Speech Patterns
The years to come Наступні роки The words to remember Слова, що треба запам’ятати The things to d

Speech Patterns
He is anything but lazy. Він далеко не ледащий. It pleasant. Це зовсім не приємно.

Speech Patterns
If it were not for X ... we would ... Якби не Х, ми б ... If it were not for hope, the heart would break. Якби не надія,

Speech Patterns
I will get round to it. Я якось займусь цим. I can never see her. Я ніяк не можу в

Speech patterns
He is well on his way to mastering English. Він далеко просунувся у вивченні англійської. recovery. Він скор

Speech Patterns
The more ..., the more ... Чим ..., тим ... The faster you drive, the more petrol the car uses. Чим швидше ви їдете, тим

Speech Patterns
However Однак Although Хоча; незважаючи на те, що In fact Насправді, фактично

Length Conversion
UK/USA unit Metric (SI) unit Metric (SI) unit UK/USA unit Inch 2.54 centimeters Ce

AreaConversion
UK /USA unit Metric (SI) unit Metric (SI) unit UK /USA unit Acre 0.40 hectare Hect

Навчальне видання
  ЛАЗАРЄВА Ольга Ярославна КОВТУН Олена Олександрівна МЕЛЬНИК Світлана Семенівна   English

Хотите получать на электронную почту самые свежие новости?
Education Insider Sample
Подпишитесь на Нашу рассылку
Наша политика приватности обеспечивает 100% безопасность и анонимность Ваших E-Mail
Реклама
Соответствующий теме материал
  • Похожее
  • Популярное
  • Облако тегов
  • Здесь
  • Временно
  • Пусто
Теги