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Прийменники

Прийменники - раздел Иностранные языки, Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ Передача Українських Відмінків За Допомогою Англійських Прийменників...

Передача українських відмінків за допомогою англійських прийменників

Відмінок в українській мові Прийменники в англійській мові
Назив-ний Хто? Що? Мій друг багато читає (у реченні завжди підмет стоїть перед присудком) My friend reads much.
Родо-вий Кого? Чого? Сестра мого друга в кімнаті.   Я отримав листа від свого друга of; from The sister of my friend is in the room. I have received a letter from my friend.
Даваль-ний Кому? Чому? Я завжди даю свої книги моєму другові. to I always give my books to my friend. Або: I always give my friend my books
Знахід-ний Кого? Що? Я зустрів свого друга вчора. - (у реченні завжди додаток стоїть після присудка) I met my friend yesterday.
Оруд-ний Ким? Чим? Ця робота виконана моїм другом. Я пишу ручкою. by; with This work is done by my friend.   I write with a pen.
Місце-вий Про кого? Про що? Я часто думаю про друга. about, of I often think about (of) my friend.

 

Багатозначність деяких прийменників

Прий-менник Обставина місця Обставина часу Додаток
In в / у; на in the plane – у літаку in the tree – на дереві in the street – на вулиці у / через in October – у жовтні in 5 minutes – через 5 хвилин in the morning (afternoon, evening) – вранці (вдень, ввечері) in time – вчасно  
On на on the table – на столі у / по , після on Saturday – у суботу on Sunday morning – вранці у неділю on the 1st of May – першого травня on arrival – після приїзду  
At на, при, в, за at the lesson – на уроці at the table – за столом to look at – дивитися на ... at home – вдома о; в at 5 o’clock – о 5-й годині at noon – вдень at night – вночі  
To на, до to the station – на станцію до from 1 to 10 – з 1 до 10 (кому?) to me – мені
From з; зі; із from the table – зі столу з from 5 till 6 – з 5 до 6 від from my friend – від мого друга
For   протягом for 5 minutes – 5 хвилин для, за for me – для мене for peace – за мир
With     з,зі; орудний відмінок with me – зі мною with a pen – ручкою
By біля by the river – біля річки by the window – біля вікна до by the evening – до вечора по; орудний відмі-нок by the radio – по радіо by plane – літаком

 

G Запам’ятайте! Прийменники не вживаються:
next week – наступного тижня; last Monday – минулого понеділка.

Наприклад: I saw my friend last month. They will take the exams next week.

Вправа 6. Заповніть пропуски прийменниками at, in або on, якщо необхідно.

1. There is some tea ___ the shelf ___ the cupboard. 2. Does your train stop ___ Lyon? 3. My friend works ___ chemist’s ___ the town centre. 4. Turin is ___ the north of Italy, ___ the River Po. 5. Shall we meet ___ the railway station? 6. Is Tom ___ the living-room? – No, he is ___ the garden. 7. I waited ___ the bus stop for 20 minutes. 8. We are leaving ___ next Sunday. 9. The competition starts ___ Monday. 10. I am taking my driving test ___ 4.30 ___ the 3rd of July. 11. My grandfather was born ___ 1926. 12. The professor is going to the conference ___ a week. 13. Our university was founded ___ the 19th century. 14. We take our first exams ___ winter.

 

4.4. Домашнє завдання

G Запам’ятайте!

1 + 2 = 3 – one plus two equals (is equal to) three

22 – 9 = 13 – twenty-two minus nine equals thirteen

2 × 2 = 4 –two times two is four

Вправа 7. Запишіть англійською мовою.

1. 11. дванадцятого січня
2. 1,673,019 12. у 1992 році
3. 7 автомобілей 13. пів на третю
4. 18 відсотків 14. без п’ятнадцяти дев’ять
5. перший 15. $100
6. другий 16. 7+8=15
7. п’ятий 17. 3*9=27
8. тридцять дев’ятий 18.
9. двісті сорок шостий 19. 210=1024
10. двадцять третього вересня 20. 0.0312 метра

Вправа 8. Впишіть прийменники, де це необхідно.

1. Look ___ these two pictures. Whom do you see ___ these pictures? 2. Every day Mr. Green gets up ___ 7 o’clock, goes ___ the bathroom, takes a bath and has breakfast. 3. He goes ___ the plant ___ underground. 4. He arrives ___ work ___ 8 o’clock. 5. He works ___ week-days. 6. I presented this camera ___ my friend. 7. We arrived ___ London ___ the seventh ___ October. 8. There were lots ___ new words ___ the text we translated. 9. ___ present about 40% ___ the students have satellite or cable TV ___ home.

Вправа 9. Коротко викладіть факти з біографії вченого, про якого Ви прочитали (письмово).

Lesson 5. Students’ Life

5.1. Усна тема. Моє студентське життя

STUDENT’S WORKING DAY

Hi ! As you know, I am a first-year student of the University.

Now, let me describe my usual working day. My classes begin at eight thirty. So, on weekdays I have to get up at half past seven. My alarm clock usually wakes me up and my working day begins. I turn on the radio, do my morning exercises, take a shower and brush my teeth. After that I get dressed and comb my hair. Then I have breakfast. I love to listen to the latest news on the radio while I am eating.

I leave the house at ten minutes to eight and walk to the nearest bus stop. I live rather far from the University and it usually takes me about a quarter of an hour to get there by bus. Sometimes when the weather is fine and I have enough time I walk to the University.

As a rule we have three or four classes a day. We have lectures in different subjects. Usually I don’t miss my classes because I want to pass my examinations successfully. But sometimes I do, especially when the weather is fine and the classes are boring.

At twelve o’clock we have a big break for lunch. That’s my favourite time. That is the time to share the latest news with my friends. I prefer not to go to the canteen and we often have lunch in a small cafe not far from the University. At one o’clock we have to be back to our classes. During the working day we also have several short breaks that lastfor ten minutes.

From time to time I have to stay at the University till late evening because I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report. As a rule I have no free time on weekdays. So, by the end of the week I get very tired.

I come home at about 6 o’clock in the evening. My parents are already at home. We have supper together. After supper we wash up, have coffee or tea and watch TV. I prefer old comedies and serials or films about travelling. Sometimes I go for a walk in the park or visit my friends.

At about eleven p.m. I go to bed. I like to read something before going to bed or to listen to some music. Sometimes I fall asleep while I am reading.

Вправа 1. Знайдіть відповідності у списках словосполучень.

1. Бути студентом першого курсу a on weekdays
2. По буднях b take a shower
3. Прокидатися о 7.30 ранку c to pass examinations successfully
4. Приймати душ d to get somewhere by bus
5. Чистити зуби e from time to time
6. Одягатися f to be over at 5 o’clock
7. Слухати останні новини g to get ready for practical classes
8. Діставатись кудись автобусом h to get tired
9. Велика перерва на обід i to be at home
10. Закінчуватися о 5 годині вечора j to fall asleep
11. Пропускати заняття k to go to bed
12. Успішно складати іспити l to come home
13. Час від часу m as a rule
14. Готуватися до практичних занять n to be a first-year student
15. Як правило o to get dressed
16. Втомлюватися p to get up at half past seven
17. Приходити додому q to brush teeth
18. Бути вдома r to listen to the latest news
19. Засинати s a big break for lunch
20. Лягати спати t to miss classes

 

☺ Smile!

· Two young men who had just graduated from Harvard were all excited and talking effusively as they got into a taxi in Boston downtown. After listening tothem for a couple of minutes the cab driver asked, “You men Harvard graduates?”

“Yes Sir! Class of ‘94!” they answered proudly.

Then the cab driver turned back to shake their hand, “Class of ‘58.”

· A student didn’t know what to do, so he grabbed a coin, flipped it in the air and said, “Heads – I watch a movie, Tails – I go to sleep and if it stands on the edge I’ll study!”

 

5.2. Читання

Прочитайте текст про двох студентів. Що вони роблять однаково, а що по-різному?

Jack lives in a hostel. He gets up at eight o’clock in the morning. He goes to classes at nine o’clock. His classes usually last till 2 a.m. In the afternoon he studies in the library. He does his homework in the evening. He sometimes goes to the cinema on Saturdays. He has many friends and visits them on Sundays. Usually they play football – regardless of the weather – and sometimes they go cycling in the country.

Pete does not live in the hostel, he lives with his parents. He does not go to the Institute on Tuesdays and Thursdays. He goes to the laboratory and works there till six o’clock on these days. He has a lot of friends. They seldom go to the cinema but they like concerts. Pete usually does his homework from 7 till 9 o’clock p.m. Pete doesn’t go in for any sports. He thinks it takes too much time, and he wants to devote himself to science.

 

5.3. Письмові завдання

Вправа 2. Заповніть пропуски у тексті словами і словосполученнями:

11 p.m., a glass of orange juice and a sandwich, on his homework, at 8.30 a.m., local bus, first-year student, suburb near Chicago, team-mates, one day, finishes with, in the canteen, 7.30 a.m.

Dan Lions lives in a __(1). He is a __(2). Every morning he gets up at __(3). He has __(4) for breakfast and leaves the house __(5). He goes to his Technical School by bus. He doesn’t take a packed lunch from home and prefers to eat __(6). After classes he usually plays basketball with his __(7). Dan is a promising basketball player and he dreams that __(8) he will be invited to play for “Chicago Bulls”. After his training he takes a __(9) home and has dinner at about 7 o’clock. Dan doesn’t spend much time __(10) and it is usually ready by 9 o’clock. His usual evening __(11) watching TV or playing his favourite computer games. He goes to bed at __(12).

 

5.4. Граматика. Займенники

5.4.1. Особові, присвійні, зворотні та підсилювальні займенники

Особові Присвійні Зворотні та підсилювальні (-ся, себе, сам)
Називний відмінок (хто?) Об’єктний відмінок (кого? кому?) І форма (чий? чия?) ІІ форма (абсолютна)
І (я) me (мене, мені) my (мій) mine (мій) myself
You (ти) you (тебе, тобі) your (твій) yours (твій) yourself
He (він) him (його, йому) his (його) his (його) himself
She (вона) her (її, їй) her (її) hers (її) herself
It (воно) it (його, йому) its (його) its (його) itself
We (ми) us (нас, нам) our (наш) ours (наш) ourselves
You (ви) you (вас, вам) your (ваш) yours (ваш) yourselves
They (вони) them (їх, їм) their (їх) theirs (їх) themselves

Приклади: I work in an office. My office is in the centre of the city. This office is mine. Call me to my office. I will come to your office myself.

Зворотні займенники вживаються також як підсилювальні слова і відповідають українському сам. У цьому значенні зворотний займенник стоїть у кінці речення або безпосередньо після підсилювального слова:

I have seen it myself. – Я бачив це сам.

Вправа 3. Замініть виділені іменники займенниками у називному та об’єктному відмінках.

1. The girls are playing tennis. 2. I saw the girls in the park. 3. Put the books on the shelf. 4. The books are on the shelf. 5. We have seen the film. 6. The film is very interesting. 7. Mysister went to the post-office. 8. I am waiting for mysister. 9. We listened to the professor with great attention. 10. The teacher is explaining a new grammar rule to the students.

 

Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски особовими займенниками у необхідному відмінку.

1. On my way home I met Peter and told ___ about the trip. 2. I need this book badly. I can’t prepare my report without ___. 3. I don’t know the way to the railway station. Couldn’t you show it to___? 4. We are going to spend the summer in the country. Will you join ___? 5. Wait for us at the bus stop. ___ will be back in no time. 6. If you give me your home address, ___ will write to ___. 7. I know this woman. ___ works at the factory with my mother. 8. If I see Helen, I’ll ask ___ to ring ___ up tomorrow. 9. I like this radio set very much. Where did you buy ___? 10. You are to be here at 7. We’ll be waiting for ___.

5.4.2. Вказівні займенники

Однина Переклад Множина Переклад
this це, цей these ці
This man Цей чоловік these men Ці чоловіки
This is a desk Це – парта These are desks Це – парти
that то, той those ті
That man Той чоловік Those men Ті чоловіки
That is a desk То – парта Those are desks То – парти

5.4.3. Кількісні займенники

Займенники many, fewвживаються перед злічуванимиіменниками у множині, а також замінюють їх, наприклад: There were many (a lot of) students in the room. She has few books.

Займенники much, little вживаються перед незлічуванимиіменниками, а також замінюють їх, наприклад: There is much (a lot of) snow on the ground. I have very little time.

  багато   many (books, students)
much (snow, time)
a lot of (books, students, snow, time)
мало few (books, students) декілька трохи a few (books, students)
little (snow, time) a little (snow, time)

☺ Smile!

Teacher (on the telephone): “So you say John is too ill to come to school?”

Voice at other end: “That’s right.”

Teacher: “Who am I talking to?”

Voice at the other end: “This is my father.”

Вправа 5. Запишіть речення у множині.

1. This is an electric cable. 2. That is a light bulb. 3. That is a crane. 4. This is a screwdriver. 5. Is this a mistake? 6. Is that an engine? 7. Is this a correct answer? 8. Is that a laser printer? 9. That is a machine-tool.

Вправа 6. Заповніть пропуски займенниками few, little, a few, a little.

1. I couldn’t buy the coat because I had ___ money left. 2. Let us buy some ice-cream, I have ___ money left. 3. ___ pupils speak English as fluently as she does. 4. There were very ___ people in the streets. 5. We can’t play because we have too ___ time. 6. Give me ___ apples. 7. They spent ___ days in the country and then returned to Kharkiv. 8. Ask Ann to help you to translate the letter; she knows French ___. 9. Mary works hard at her English. She makes ___ mistakes in her speech. 10. Can you lend me ___ money?

5.4.4. Неозначені займенники

Займенники some та any використовуються для позначення невизначеної кількості: some letters, some people, some sand.

Some використовується в стверджувальних реченнях, а any – в питальних та негативних:

Any використовується, як правило, в загальних питаннях (так – ні), а в спеціальних питаннях і питаннях–проханнях чи пропозиціях використовується some: Do you have any ideas where to go tonight? (загальне питання); Where can I get any information on the exhibition? (спеціальне питання до обставини місця); Would you add some salt to the salad? (питання–прохання); Do you want some more coffee? (питання–пропозиція).

У стверджувальних реченнях any означає будь-який: Any help will be welcome.

No означає ніякий, ніякі: I have no ticket. No comments.

 

Похідні займенники від some, any, no мають аналогічні значення:

something – щось;

somebody = someone – хтось;

somewhere – десь;

anything – щось (у питальних та негативних реченнях); що-завгодно (в стверджувальних реченнях);

anybody = anyone – хтось (у питальних та негативних реченнях); хто-завгодно (в стверджувальних реченнях);

anywhere – десь (у питальних та негативних реченнях); де-завгодно (в стверджувальних реченнях);

nothing – ніщо, нічого;

nobody = no one – ніхто;

nowhere – ніде.

Вправа 7. Заповніть пропуски займенниками some, any, no або їх похідними.

1. There were ___ of my friends there. 2. Well, anyway, there is ___ need to hurry, now that we have missed the train. 3. Have you ever seen ___ of these pictures before? 4. There is ___ water in the kettle: they have drunk it all. 5. We could not buy cherries, so we bought ___ plums instead. 6. Can I have ___ milk? – Yes, you can have ___. 7. Have you bought ___ cheese? 8. Give me ___ books, please. I have ___ to read at home. 9. Put ___ sugar in her tea: she does not like sweet tea. 10. Is ___ the matter with you? Has ___ offended you? I see by your face that ___ has happened. 11. We did not see ___ in the hall. 12. ___ was present at the lesson yesterday. 13. He is busy. He has ___ time to go to the cinema with us. 14. Do you need ___ books to prepare for your report? 15. Do you have ___ questions? Ask me ___ you like, I will try to answer ___ of them. 16. ___ liked that play: it was very dull.

 

5.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Перефразуйте речення відповідно до зразків.

Model 1. This is my coat. –This coat is mine.

1. This is our university. 2. This is my note-book. 3. This is your desk. 4. This is his bicycle. 5. This is her bag. 6. This is their classroom. 7. This is our tram. 8. This is her idea.

Model 2. Your room is large. Jane’s room is larger. – Jane’s room is larger than yours.

1. My watch is good. Your watch is better. 2. My pen is bad. His pen is worse. 3. Their house is old. Our house is older. 4. His camera is dear. Nick’s camera is dearer. 5. Her story is interesting. Her friend’s story is more interesting. 6. Our teacher is young. Your teacher is younger.

Вправа 9. Доповніть речення зворотними займенникам.

Model. I’ve repaired my TV set. –I’ve repaired my TV set myself.

1. I’ll go to the post-office ___. 2. She cooks breakfast ___. 3. We’ll water the flowers ___. 4. The soldiers built the bridge ___. 5. Mother said to the boy, “You must always make the bed ___.” 6. If I were you, I would go there ___. 7. The chief engineer went to the conference ___.

 

Вправа 10. Замініть українські слова словами many, much, few, little, a few, a little.

1. There is (мало) meat in the soup. 2. I do not eat (багато) bread. 3. I have (трохи) money. 4. There is (мало) salt in the salad. 5. There is not (багато) fish on the table. 6. There is (мало) ink in the ink-stand. 7. There is not (багато) air in the room. 8. Are there (багато) cups on the table? 9. We do not spend (багато) time for cooking. 10. Is there (багато) coffee in the cup? 11. There are (мало) things in my back-pack. 12. He has not (багато) friends. He has only (декілька).

 

Вправа 11. Заповніть пропуски займенниками some, any, no або їх похідними. Перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. Virtual visitors of the exhibition can navigate through different booths ___ time of the day. 2. Fear of having a bad time is enough to make ___ people stay at home. 3. At the party John didn’t recognize ___. 4. Chimpanzees know when ___ else’s thinking is wrong. 5. ___ who can ride a bicycle can understand how it works. 6. Are there ___ letters for me? 7. You look worried. Has ___ happened? 8. Bicycles generate ___ air or noise pollution. 9. Would you like ___ milk to your coffee? 11. I haven’t got ___ money at the moment. Would you lend me ___?

 

Вправа 12. Перекладіть текст англійською.

Я навчаюсь у Харківському державному технічному університеті на першому курсі. Окрім спеціальних предметів, я вивчаю англійську мову. Кожного дня я ходжу на лекції та практичні заняття. Двічі на тиждень у нас лабораторні роботи. Кожна лабораторна робота триває 45 хвилин.

Мій друг – також студент нашого університету. Він звичайно дістається до університету автобусом і витрачає на це півтори години. Він встає дуже рано, щоб не запізнитися на заняття. О першій дня у нас звичайно обід. Він обідає в їдальні. Я не ходжу в їдальню.

Я живу у гуртожитку. Я повертаюсь з університету о 7-й вечора, вечеряю, іноді дивлюсь цікавий фільм. Перед сном я люблю трохи погуляти. Часто до мене приходять одногрупники. Минулої неділі ми ходили з ними в парк. Нам дуже сподобалася наша прогулянка.

 

Lesson 6. Hobby

6.1. Усна тема. Моє хобі

Развернуть
Открыть в широком формате

– Конец работы –

Эта тема принадлежит разделу:

Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ... ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНИЙ ІНСТИТУТ English FOR TECHNICAL STUDENTS...

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1. He has got a dog. 2. He has not got a dog. 3. Has he got a dog? G Запам’ятайте! to have dinner (breakfast, lunch, supper) to have a

MY HOBBY
What is a hobby? It is what you can and like to do, when you have free time. We choose a hobby according to our character and taste. When we have a hobby, our life becomes more interesting. Very of

An Unusual Hobby
Hi, I’m Ron Hawker. I started riding the unicycle when I was 11 years old. My mother gave me a unicycle as a Christmas present. I have never been a good athlete, so it took me a long time to learn

Travelling by Air
G Active Vocabulary: to travel – подорожувати; to fly – літати; a flight – peйc; to catch a plane – встигнути на літак; to miss a plane – запізнитись на літак; to board a

Some Murphy Laws For Frequent Flyers
· No flight ever leaves on time unless you are running late and need the delay to make the flight. · If you are running late for a flight, it will depart from the farthest gate within the

Типи речень
В англійській мові виділяють 4 типи речень. 1) Стверджувальне: The students work in the laboratory twice a week. 2) Заперечне

Dialogue at a booking office
– Good afternoon. Can I help you? – Hello, I’d like to book a ticket to Kiev. – What date do you want to leave? – On the 25th of November. – Single or

The Benefits of a Cruise Holiday
G Active Vocabulary: to be faced – стикатись; prospect – перспектива; quandary – скрутне становище; available – що є в наявності; span – короткий відрізок часу; itinerary

Форма питального речення
Will I (he, you, we, they, my friend) study at the University next year?   Таблиця часових форм дієслова наведена у додатку (Appendix III).

Going Through the Customs
Знайдіть в тексті та вивчіть наведені нижче слова і словосполучення. Here is my passport (visa, health certificate, certificate of vaccination, declaration form). Have you

The Past Continuous Tense (Минулий тривалий час)
Випадки вживання Приклади a) Тривала дія, яка відбувається в деякий момент часу в минулому (at 5 o’clock yesterday – о п’ятій годині в

The Procedure of Telephoning
Telephoning is very simple. You look up the necessary number in the telephone directory; then you pick up the receiver and wait for the signal (buzz, buzzing sound). Next you make the

Telephone Conversation
– Stanley Hydraulic Tools. Can I help you? – I’d like to speak to Mr. Warner, please. – Mr. Warner? What is your name, please? – This is Boris Frolov, from HM Systems. – Would you spell your name,

Interesting Facts about Telephones
· Valdemar Poulsen, the Danish telephone engineer and inventor, patented what he called a “telegraphone” in 1898. The telegraphone was the first practical apparatus for magnetic sound recording and

The Past Perfect Tense (Минулий перфектний час)
Випадки вживання Приклади a) Дія, яка закінчилась до деякого моменту у минулому (by 5 o’clock yesterday – до 5 години вчора).

Room amenities
· Private Bathroom / Shower · Satellite TV Channels · Hair Dryer · Telephone · Mini-Bar / Fridge

Some Tips on Staying at a Hotel
When travelling, people almost always stay at hotels. It is advisable, therefore, to remember the following: 1. The first thing to do is to book a room in advance either by letter, telepho

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Минулий перфектно-тривалий)
Випадки вживання Приклади Незавершена дія, яка почалась у минулому і триває до певного часу у минулому. Зазвичай вказується інтервал ч

Crossing your Fingers
Many western cultures make this gesture when wishing for good luck. A hand with the index and middle fingers crossed is even the logo for the UK’s National Lottery. In Vietnam, however, this is an

Here are some final tips for travellers
· In France you shouldn’t sit down in a cafe until you’ve shaken hands with everyone you know. · In Afghanistan you should spend at least five minutes saying hello. · In Pakistan

Five Subatomic Particles in a Nutshell
Ancient Greeks philosopher Leucippus and his pupil Democritus first spoke out the idea that all substances consisted of invisible “atomos,” or atoms, as we know them today. They believed these atom

Заперечна форма
Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова. The letter is not written (every day). The letter was

Вправа 6. Передайте речення у Passive Voice.
1. They broke the window last week. 2. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 3. We will do the work in the evening. 4. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 5. They were playing tennis fro

Прочитайте текст.
What is Classical Physics? Classical physics is a branch of physics in which matter and energy are two separate concepts. Based primarily on Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of mot

Приклади утворення
Звичайний ступінь Порівняльний ступінь Найвищий ступінь big bigger the biggest

Приклади
He is in the farthest corner of the garden. – Він у самому дальньому куточку саду. Further information will be given later. – Наступну інформацію Ви отримаєте пізніше. He is 5 yea

Industry, Science and Education in Kharkov
The city of Kharkiv was founded over 350 years ago at the crossroads of major transportation routes. It has now become one of Ukraine’s largest centres for science, industry and culture. T

Прочитайте текст.
What is Fiber Optics? Fiber optic technology allows humans to control the path of a beam of light by confining it within ductile, transparent materials, like cords of plas

Some Interesting Facts About Australia
· The black box flight recorder for aircraft was invented in Australia in 1958 by the Aeronautical research scientist David Warren. · The first official world surfing championship was held

London Museums and Art Galleries
G Active Vocabulary: a fortress – фортеця; a manuscript – рукопис; contemporary – сучасний; armour – лати; twofold – подвійний; garrison – гарнізон; custody – зберігання.

Universities in Great Britain
There are 46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Bristol, and Birmingham. Oxford &

Вправа 8. Розгадайте кросворд.
        c       &n

Los Angeles
Los Angeles, Spanish for “The Angels”, is the most populous city in California and the second largest in the United States, after New York City, with a population of 3.8 million, on a land a

The Fascinating World of Crystals
Just what are crystals? A crystal is an organized grouping of atoms, or molecules. Each crystal has different properties and shapes. For example, sugar crystals are oblong and slanted at the ends;

Harvard University
G Active Vocabulary: prominent – видатний; distinctly – виразно; outlook – світогляд; clergy – духовенство; scope – масштаб; to diversify – урізноманітнювати; to command r

The Black Sea Pollution
The story about the Black Sea pollution starts like almost any other pollution story. Once, about half a decade ago, the Black Sea had very rich and diverse marine ecosystems. It also had major eco

Приклади.
He said that he often went to the skating rink. he had gone the skating rink the last week. he would go to the

Вправа 3. Передайте речення непрямою мовою.
1. The teacher explained, “In fact every hydraulic system can be reduced to a simple pump-motor system”. 2. The expert said, “Laser cutting is excellent at processing different materials”. 3. The r

Land Pollution
A: You know, lots of people in the world think it’s important to live green. B: Yes, but some of them are not aware of how much pollution exists. A: So, do you know

Eat Organic
· When you eat organic foods, you are supporting farmers that do not use pesticides which are harmful to the environment. · Organic foods will cost a bit more, but they are better both for

Global warming
Today our planet is warming. Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening: ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles; the number of penguins on Antarctica

Overpopulation
With the number of people on the globe over 7 billion, the impact of human populations on the environment has been severe. Every year, more than 81 million people add the world-wide populati

Cruise Liners Are Contaminating Our Oceans
Luxury cruise liners that carry millions of passengers to remote corners of the globe are polluting the seas and endangering marine life. The new super-liners, which can accommodate u

Planet Earth Is 4,600 Million Years Old
If we pretend that our planet is like a person, we can compare the Earth with a man of 46 years of age. Nothing is ___ about the first 7 years of this person’s life, and very little ___ can be foun

Bees Are in Danger
Since the 1980s, beekeepers and observers of nature have been noticing that bees are disappearing, particularly in Europe and the United States. The phenomenon reached a peak during the winter of 2

Вправа 4. Передайте непрямою мовою.
1. Mike hasn’t come to school today. – The teacher says that Mike hasn’t сотe to school today. 2. Are you going anywhere for the weekend? – Tom asked me ___. 3. I’m really angry with

My family
Satomi (Japan) There are five members in my family: my mom, dad, grandmother, brother and myself. My dad works for a golf company. My mom is a housewife. My brother is majoring in tourism

Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He enjoyed classical music and played the violin. One story Einstein liked to tell about his childhood was of a wonder he saw when he was four or five y

Marie Curie
Marie Sklodowska-Curie, one of the few people to win two Noble Prizes in different fields, was one of the most significant researchers of radiation and its effects as a pioneer of radiology. Until

George and Robert Stephensons
George Stephenson won world-wide acclaim with his “Rocket” but he said that much of the credit belonged to his son Robert. Robert supervised the building of the “Rocket”, and later improved

Thomas Alve Edison
G Active Vocabulary: his teacher thought him very stupid – вчитель вважав його дуже дурним; boxed his ear – сильно вдарив його у вухо: on the track – на рельсах.

Boarding and accommodation on board
· Find out if the class of the car you are boarding is in the front, middle or rear of the train and stay on the platform accordingly. Ask the staff on the platform. In some countries, stations are

Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
Nuclear Science and Engineering is an intellectually exciting and socially important discipline, supporting a wide range of applications. Our department presently consists of 28 faculty an

The Department of Chemistry
Each year some 170 chemists graduate after a four-year course which includes a year of research and about 80 graduates receive doctorates. The Oxford Chemistry course is second to none in

The Department of Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory was founded in 1871, along with the appointment of James Clerk Maxwell as the first Cavendish Professor. It has a distinguished intellectual history, with 29 Nobel prizewin

School Life for a British Boy (Written by Erik)
My School is a mixed 11–18 school. There are about 1,150 students in my school, including 200 in the sixth form. It is called a Technology College and specializes in Computers and Maths. My school

A Dying Technology
Incinerators and landfills are both attempts to answer the question, “what do we do with waste?” Over the last century, governments have invested billions of dollars in increasingly

Spray-On Solar-Power Cells Are True Breakthrough
Scientists have invented a plastic solar cell that can turn the sun’s power into electrical energy, even on a cloudy day. The plastic material uses nanotechnology and contains the first sola

Electrical Sweaters
The new material could make technology truly wireless. Sargent said that the plastic coating could be woven into a shirt or sweater and used to charge an item like a cell phone. “A

Choose one of the options.
1. Fossil fuels were formed from ____. a) ancient plants and animals b) carbon c) water 2. Chemically fossil fuels are ___. a) compounds of oxygen b) acids c) hydrocarbon

Choose one of the options.
1. Refraction is the process of natural ___ of light. a) shining b) dissolution c) bending 2. When light passes through a prism, one can see different ___. a) pictures b)

Choose one of the options.
1. Most metals are extracted from ___. a) ore b) ear c) air 2. Ore always contains ___. a) all the chemical elements b) some impurities c) only pure metal 3. To

Choose one of the options.
1. A mouse is ___. a) a computer virus b) a system software c) an input device 2. Early computers used ___ cards to receive data. a) punched b) playing c) credit

Choose one of the options.
1. A computer addict is a person who ___. a) writes computer programmes b) spends most of his time at a computer c) can add well 2. The most important things for computer

Choose one of the options.
1. Cooled lava formed many ___. a) cities b) islands c) continents 2. Molten rock deep below the Earth’s crust is called ___. a) enigma b) sigma c) magma 3. Volc

Choose one of the options.
1. The first successful flight over Mars was performed ___. a) in the late 1960s b) last year c) at the beginning of 20th century 2. Observations proved that Mars is __

Choose one of the options.
1. An electric car is powered by ___. a) an electric motor b) a diesel engine c) an internal combustion engine 2. Batteries are recharged ___. a) only at service stations

Speech Patterns
There are many species of insects.   Існує багато видів комах. many species of insects in

Speech patterns
It is him who invented this machine. Саме він винайшов цю машину. It is the helmet that saved my life.

Speech Patterns
It is important for him to know these laws Йому важливо знати ці закони. It is necessary to rev

Speech Patterns
either ... or або ... або You may choose to study either English or French. Ви можете вибрати, що вивчати – або англійську, або французьку.

Speech Patterns
He appeared to have forgotten my address. Виявилось, що він забув мою адресу. seems Здається, в

Speech Patterns
The years to come Наступні роки The words to remember Слова, що треба запам’ятати The things to d

Speech Patterns
He is anything but lazy. Він далеко не ледащий. It pleasant. Це зовсім не приємно.

Speech Patterns
If it were not for X ... we would ... Якби не Х, ми б ... If it were not for hope, the heart would break. Якби не надія,

Speech Patterns
I will get round to it. Я якось займусь цим. I can never see her. Я ніяк не можу в

Speech patterns
He is well on his way to mastering English. Він далеко просунувся у вивченні англійської. recovery. Він скор

Speech Patterns
The more ..., the more ... Чим ..., тим ... The faster you drive, the more petrol the car uses. Чим швидше ви їдете, тим

Speech Patterns
However Однак Although Хоча; незважаючи на те, що In fact Насправді, фактично

Length Conversion
UK/USA unit Metric (SI) unit Metric (SI) unit UK/USA unit Inch 2.54 centimeters Ce

AreaConversion
UK /USA unit Metric (SI) unit Metric (SI) unit UK /USA unit Acre 0.40 hectare Hect

Навчальне видання
  ЛАЗАРЄВА Ольга Ярославна КОВТУН Олена Олександрівна МЕЛЬНИК Світлана Семенівна   English

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