Renaissance Music - раздел Образование, Read and translate the text: English - the International Language ...
The beginning of the Renaissance in music is not as clearly marked as the beginning of the Renaissance in the other arts, and unlike in the other arts, it did not begin in Italy, but in northern Europe, specifically in the area currently comprising central and northern France, the Netherlands, and Belgium. The style of the Burgundian composers was at first a reaction against the excessive complexity and mannered style of the late 14th century, and contained clear, singable melody and balanced polyphony in all voices. The most famous composers of the Burgundian school in the mid-15th century are Guillaume Dufay, Gilles Binchois, and Antoine Busnois.
By the middle of the 15th century, composers and singers from the Low Countries and adjacent areas began to spread across Europe, especially into Italy, where they were employed by the papal chapel and the aristocratic patrons of the arts (such as the Medici, the Este, and the Sforza families). They carried their style with them: smooth polyphony which could be adapted for sacred or secular use as appropriate. Principal forms of sacred musical composition at the time were the mass, the motet, and the laude; secular forms included the chanson, the frottola, and later the madrigal.
The invention of printing had an immense influence on the dissemination of musical styles, and along with the movement of the Franco-Flemish musicians, contributed to the establishment of the first truly international style in European music since the unification of Gregorian chant under Charlemagne.
By the middle of the 16th century, the international style began to break down, and several highly diverse stylistic trends became evident: a trend towards simplicity in sacred music; a trend towards complexity and chromaticism in the madrigal; and the grandiose, sonorous music of the Venetian school. The music of the Venetian school included the development of orchestration, ornamented instrumental parts, and continuo bass parts, all of which occurred within a span of several decades around 1600. Famous composers in Venice included the Gabrielis, Andrea and Giovanni, as well as Claudio Monteverdi, one of the most significant innovators at the end of the era.
One of the most revolutionary movements in the era took place in Florence in the 1570s and 1580s, with the work of the Florentine Camerata, who ironically had a reactionary intent: dissatisfied with what they saw as contemporary musical depravities, their goal was to restore the music of the ancient Greeks. Chief among them were Vincenzo Galilei, the father of the astronomer, and Giulio Caccini. The fruits of their labors was a declamatory melodic singing style known as monody, and a corresponding staged dramatic form: a form known today as opera. The first operas, written around 1600, also define the end of the Renaissance and the beginning of the Baroque eras.
Music prior to 1600 was modal rather than tonal. Several theoretical developments late in the 16th century, such as the writings on scales on modes by Gioseffo Zarlino and Franchinus Gaffurius, led directly to the development of common practice tonality. The major and minor scales began to predominate over the old church modes. Music after 1600, beginning with the tonal music of the Baroque era, is often referred to as belonging to the common practice period.
Vocabulary
unlike – на відміну від
comprise – вмикати
excessive - надмірний
adjacent – суміжний
papal chapel – папська капела
sacred music – духовна музика
secular music – світська музика
laude – гімн
immense – величезний
Charlemagne – Карл Великий
evident - очевидний
sonorous – звучний
continuo bass – акомпануча частина
depravity – розбещеність
monody – ода для одного голоса
Task 2. Choose the correct answer
1. The beginning of the Renaissance in music began in
a. Italy b. France c. Belgium d. France, Belgium and the Netherlands
2. The most famous composer of the Burgundian school in the mid-15th century was
a. Guillaume de Machaut b. Gioseffo Zarlino c. Guillaume Dufay d. Vincenzo Galilei
3. The principal form of sacred musical composition at the time was
a. the mass b. the ballade c. the virelai d. the rondeau
4. The international style began to break down by the
a. 15-th century b. 16-th century c. 17-th century d. 18-th century
5. One of the most revolutionary movements in the era took place in Florence
a. before 1570s b. after 1580s c. after 1570 d. in 1580
Task 3. Put the questions to the underlined words:
a. The music of the Venetian school included the development of orchestration, ornamented instrumental parts, and continuo bass parts, all of which occurred within a span of several decades around 1600.
b. Several theoretical developmentslate in the 16th century led directly to the development of common practice tonality.
Task 4. Answer the following questions:
1. Where did the Renaissance in music begin?
2. What did the style of the Burgundian composers contain?
3. Whom were composers and singers employed by?
4. What stylistic trends became evident by the middle of the 16th century?
5. What did the music of the Venetian school include?
6. What is monody?
7. When were the first operas written?
Task 5. Retell the text.
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Use there is or there are
The typical symphony orchestra consists of four proportionate groups of similar musical instruments, generally appearing in the musical score in the following order:
1.The
Insert Definite or Indefinite article wherever necessary.
1. He is ... student of ... first year of studies.
2. She is ... second-year student.
3. They have ... flat in ... centre of ... city ... flat is large and light.
4. My s
Underline the correct item.
1. There is no one/anyone at the studio.
2. There are some/any mic in my collection.
3. There is any/no ice-cream left.
4. Did she tell you nothin
Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
Last year I went 1) ...on... a trip which was an absolute disaster. I was going to Berlin 2) ... festival when, 3) ... accident, I got 4) ... the wrong train. We were 5) ... the way to Bruss
PRESENT SIMPLE - PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Underline the correct item:
1. I see/am seeing that the situation is out of control. 2. Do you enjoy/Аrе you enjoying this party? 4. You haven't said a word all morning
PRESENT PERFECT or PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1. Fill in: since or for.
John and Norma have been married 1) ..for... 20 years. They have been living in New York 2) … 1989. John has been working on Wall Street 3
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
1. He (work) in this theatre since 1985.
2. I (wait) for you since two o'clock.
3. Mary (live) in Germany since 1992.
4. Why is he so tired? He (play) piano for five hour
Put in the present perfect progressive or simple.
1. That man (stand) outside for hours. 2. The castle ( stand) on that hill for 900 years. 3. Ann ( garden) all afternoon. She (plant) a lot of rose bushes. 4. James (
Translate the following sentences into English using either the Present Perfect or the Past indefinite Tense.
1. У цьому семестрі ми прочитали п’ять нових джазових стандартів. – А що ви вивчили у минулому семестрі?
2. Чи можу я бачити вашого скрипаля? – Боюся, що ні. Він поїхав до Криму.
Choose the right tenses (present perfect, past or past perfect; simple or progressive).
1. Reports are coming in that a train (crash) near Birmingham. According to eyewitnesses, it (hit) a concrete block which somebody (put) on the line. 2. Halfway to the office P
Complete the sentences with the present perfect or simple past.
1. I (take part) in a lot of festivals this year. 2. She (play) three different bands since she started her professional career. 3. He (stop) learning music three times when he
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Він купив нову гітару торік.
2. Коли ви бачили її виступ востаннє?
3. Коли відбувся ваш академ концерт?
4. Минулого місяця наша група ніде не виступала.
5. Ми
Match the sentences and fill in the correct tense.
1. She'll call us A. until it ... (stop) raining. 1... D...
2.1 don't know B. as soon as I ... (can). 2...
3. What ... (you/do) C. if you ... (come) home late. 3...
Put the verbs in brackets into Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
1. By 7.00 pm they will have been playing (play) cricket for eight hours. 2. I ... (finish) painting your room by the time you get home. 3. By the end of next month I ... (live) in London fo
Underline the correct item.
1. "I really need a drink." "OK, I'll buy/'m buying you one. What would you like?"
2. "You look dreadful." "I know, I'm seeing/'II see the doctor tomorro
Fill in the correct present or future forms.
We 1) 're going (go) on holiday next Friday. The plane 2) ... (leave) at 5.00 am, so we 3) ... (sunbathe) in Bermuda by lunchtime! We've got a lot of luggage and neither of us wants to drive
Translate into English.
1. Я зайду до тебе, щойно звільнюсь.
2. Я зачекаю, доки він подзвонить мені.
3. Що Ви будете робити, якщо його не буде вдома?
4. Я допоможу тобі, щойно закінчу працювати
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Я люблю джаз. Я буду вступати до консерваторії на кафедру естрадної музики.
2. На якій вечірці ви будете грати сьогодні?
3. Швидше! Звук повинен бути налаштован
MODAL VERBS
1. Fill in can't, might, must or could:
I wonder where Paul is. He 1) can't be at work because he never works on a Sunday. He 2) … be at Sally's, but I doubt it bec
Must have to
1. I …… be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably …… take a taxi if I want to be on time. 2. You …… submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that the name, addre
Choose the right verb.
1. Shall I make the final choice right now? No, you ...
a. mustn’t
c. needn’t
b. can’t
d. couldn’t
Fill in a modal or a synonymous expression and the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I'm getting fat. I really have to try (try) to lose some weight, like the doctor said.
2. What a lovely day! … (we/go) for a walk?
3. I'm not sure where Gary is. He … (b
Put the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
The sinking of the Titanic is one of 1) the most famous (famous) shipwreck stories of all time. The Titanic was said to be 2) ... (safe) ocean liner ... the world. When it set sail, a
Translate into English.
1. Чи правда, що діапазон флейти-пікколо вище, ніж у скрипки?
2. Чому ти в неділю займався менше ніж в інші дні тижня?
3. У суботу ти займався більше ніж в інші дні тижня.
Turn the following into the Passive in two ways.
1. They gave him a watch when he retired. He was given a watch when he retired. ...' A watch was given to him when he retired...
2. They have offered him the job. He ... . Th
Fill in the correct tense. Use Passive or Active according to the context.
1. When she heard that her dog had been killed (kill), she burst into tears.
2. We hope that the missing money ... (find) soon.
3. A new bridge. ... (build) at the moment.
Change from the active into the passive. Omit the agent where it can be omitted. Justify the omission or inclusion of the agent.
1. The Scots make the best fudge. – The best fudge is made by the Scots, (agent not omitted; emphasis on the agent) 2. You should take these tablets before meals. ... 3. You must wash colour
Use the active or the passive in any appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Although the cheetah is the fastest animal in the world, it is in danger of becoming extinct if it continues to be killed (kill) for its skin. 2. The children ... (frighten) by the story.
Translate intoUkrainian.
1. When two different notes are sounded, the ear can readily feel one of them is higher or lower than the other. This difference is called the difference of pitch. 2. The pitch of sound is indicate
FORMS OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Form
Past Tense
Past Part.
Translate
A
arise
Означений артикль the.
Означений артикль the вживається:
-зі злічуваними і незлічуваними іменниками в однині та множині;
-коли іменник вказує на предмет, конкретне значення;
-з іменниками які є
LITTLE, MUCH, A LOT, A LITTLE, MANY, FEW, A FEW, A LOT OF
З НЕЗЛІЧУВАЛЬНИМ ІМЕННИКАМИ
(UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS)
ПЕРЕКЛАД
ЗІ ЗЛІЧУВАЛЬНИМИ ІМЕННИКАМИ
(COUNTABLE NOUNS)
ПРИКЛАДИ
Багато зошитів,
багато молока,
багато води,
багато днів,
багато газет,
багато крейди,
багато снігу,
багато років,
багато картин,
багато музики,
багато
Reflexive pronouns.
I - myself we - ourselves you - yourself you – yourselves he - himself she - herself they - themselves
PREPOSITIONS
Прийменники напрям
On – на, в, по
He lives on the ground floor. – Він живе на першому поверсі.
We will be there on Monday. – Ми будемо там у понеділок.
He is speaking on the phone. – Він розмовляє по телефону.
To – к, ну, в
Would you like to go to the theatre? – Ти хочеш піти в театр?
Approach to the exit. – Підійдіть до виходу.
Near – близько
There is a small round table ne
TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
The Present Indefinite Tense.
Tense
Key words
Form
Examples (+)
Examples (-)
Can, could, may, might, must, should, would, ought, need
Модальні дієслова – це така група допоміжних дієслів, які змінюють значення основного дієслова, надаючи відтінок обов’язковості, необхідності, можливості виконання дії.
ЧИМ ВІДРІЗН
Examples
Passive voice of “Imperative Sentences”
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Open the door.
Let the door be
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