General characteristics of the Noun. Its Grammatical Meaning, syntactic functions and the system of word-formation.
General characteristics of the Noun. Its Grammatical Meaning, syntactic functions and the system of word-formation. - раздел Образование, THEORETICAL GRAMMAR Characteristics Of The Noun:
1. The Noun Refers To The ...
Characteristics of the Noun:
1. The Noun refers to the Categorematic parts of speech:
it has lexical meaning and can take a definite syntactic position and serve some functions of a member of a sentence.
2. The Noun has its own Grammatical Meaning:
it denotes objects, things, phenomena. All the nouns (does not matter what type of objects, things or phenomena they name, concrete or abstract) function in a language in the same way.
For example, the nouns man (concrete), friendship (abstract) both name, denote not signs or qualities and not actions or circumstances but an object and phenomenon (which can both be included to the group of Things).
3. The Noun can serve the syntactic functions of the Subject and the Object.
Besides it can also be the Predicative. Though this index makes the Noun and the Adjective alike because they both can serve the syntactic function of the Predicative.
For example, He is a man (a noun). He is smart (an adjective).
4. The Noun has a strong system of word-formation.
It is very important in the light of Grammar for they not only change the meanings of words but also indicate their belonging to the Noun.
The word-formative suffixes of the Noun are divided into two general groups: those which denote persons and those which denote abstract things.
5. The Noun has a weak system of word-changing (a kept sign of a synthetic language):
its root and stem coincided. Some nouns can have both forms, Singular and Plural.
For example, pen – pens, day – days, star – stars, etc.
6. Grammatical categories of the Noun are poor.
*There is the Category of the Number (boy – boys, study – studies, etc.).
*The Category of the Case has been still under certain doubts (will be seen later on).
*The Category of the Gender completely disappeared by the end of the Middle Ages though some scientist tend to regard Gender as a grammatical category of the English Noun (will be seen later on).
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
Theoretical Grammaris a section of linguistics that studies grammar system of language.
Grammar system of language refers to the whole complex of conformitie
Kinds of Theoretical Grammar
To explain and interpreter a phenomenon means to reveal and understand its nature. Kinds of Theoretical Grammar are defined by different approaches to the problem of How to interpret lang
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.
As for the structure Theoretical Grammar can be stipulated by syntagmatic (distributive) or paradigmatic (transformative) relations.
Grammatical categories.
To the main notions in the study of Theoretical Grammar the following ones are included: grammatical category; grammatical form and grammatical meaning.
Grammatical Meaning d
The notions of the Word and the Morpheme
The word morphology is based on the two Greek words morpheme and logos.
Morpheme means form.
Logos was regarded as one of
Kinds of Morphemes
Kinds of Morphemes
Root
Affix (prefix, suffix)
Inflective
Principles of subdivision of parts of speech
The whole structure of Language is divided into lexical-grammatical classes or parts of speech.
Different linguistic schools ground different ways of lexical-grammatical cl
Classification of parts of speech
The biggest subdivision of parts of speech are the ones of Categorematic words (знаменательные слова) and Syntacategorematic/syntactic words (служебные слова). The
Theory of the field structure of the word.
Theory of the Morphological Field:
In a group of words there are ones which have all indications (signs) of a definite morphological part of speech; there are also words whic
The problem of the Gender of the English Noun.
The gender of an object, thing or phenomenon is expressed with lexical, but not grammatical, means (boy – girl, man – woman, bull – caw; he-goat – she-goat; star – it; window – it, ship – it/she, e
The category of the Number.
1. The category of the Number is based on the opposition of singularity and plurality.
For example:
parent – parents, tree –trees, man –men, life – l
The category of Case.
The Case
refers to the relations of an object/thing/phenomenon (which is denoted by a noun) to other objects, actions and signs, on the one hand, and
Functions and significance of the Article.
Functionally there are two forms of the Article – definite and indefinite. The forms are not changed. Though they have definite phonetic versions/the versions in pronunciation (drawing 4.1):
Functions and significance of the Article
There are three general functions of the Article: morphological, syntactic and semantic.
1). Morphological function of the Article.
Article is the main formal material morp
Grammatical Meaning of the Verb
The Verb refers to the Categorematic parts of speech:
it has lexical meaning and can take a definite syntactic position and serve some functions of a member of a sentence.
Semantic Classification
There are three main subclassifications that are based on the Principle of Meaning, both Lexical and Grammatical (tab. 5.2).
Table 5.2
Scheme of the 1
I Categories of the Finite Verbs
The Voice (Active, Passive): expresses relations of an action, its agent and object (an agent does an action (the Active Voice); an action is done over the agent or at the objec
Functions and Significance of the Non-Finite Forms
As for the morphological form there is a subdivision. They are said to be Simple Non-Finite forms and Analytical Non-Finite Forms.
Two morphological forms of the Non-F
Classification of Word-combinations
General Classification. All word-combinations (WC) can be divided into two general groups on the ground of:
4) Principle of Form (inner structure, grammatical morphological r
PRACTICE I
Task 1: join the given language elements thus to form sуntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between or among them.
Has been cleaning, meaning, an, has been peeled, bea
TEST I (S)
The task:match an item from the left column with its explanation given in the right one.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
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