Classification of Word-combinations grounded on the Principle of its Inner Structure
Classification of Word-combinations grounded on the Principle of its Inner Structure - раздел Образование, THEORETICAL GRAMMAR Word-Combinations
I Nuclear...
Word-combinations
I Nuclear
II Nuclear-free
1.1. Regressive
1.2. Progressive
2.1. Independent
2.2. Dependent
of one class
of different classes
of one class
of different classes
with the following nuclei:
with the following coordination:
1) adverbial
4) substantive
8) conjunctive
10) mutually dependent with primary predicativity
11) accumulative
12) accumulative
2) adjectival
5) adjectival
9) non-conjunctive
13) mutually dependent with secondary predicativity
3) substantive
6) verbal
7) prepositional
Meanings of the presented types of WC (tab. 7.1):
I. Nuclear WC is a group of words where one element takes the superior position (becomes the main word). The element is not subordinate to any other element of the WC. Relations in this type of WC are based on the syntactic connection of subordination.
As for the type of subordination there are Regressive or Progressive WC.
1.1. Regressive WC: subordinate element is put on the left from the nucleus (e.g., new books; very young);
1.2. Progressive WC: subordinate element is put on the right from the nucleus (e.g., a book of poems; to see a man, to laugh heartily).
II. Nuclear-free WC is characterized by the absence of a nucleus (main, superior word in a group of words).
As for the need in the context (Sentence) there are two types of WC: Dependent and Independent:
2.1. Independent WC can be identified without additional context (e.g., red and green, ladies and gentlemen).
2.2. Dependent WC demands additional context to be identified as a syntactically organized combination (e.g., wise old (man); (to find) the car gone).
As for the morphological choice of words in WC there can be WC with the words belonging to on morphological class and the words belonging to different classes:
a) WC of one class: include the words of the same morphological part of speech (e.g., men, women, children; wise, old (man));
b) WC of different classes (e.g., his old (friend), (to see) him go).
As for the type of syntactic coordination of elements in WC there can be the following relations of the elements:
a) Relations of mutual dependency (e.g., he laughed);
b) Coordinative relations (e.g., red and green);
c) Accumulative relations (e.g., wise old (man)).
Examples of word-combinations (WC) are given in the tab. 7.2.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
Theoretical Grammaris a section of linguistics that studies grammar system of language.
Grammar system of language refers to the whole complex of conformitie
Kinds of Theoretical Grammar
To explain and interpreter a phenomenon means to reveal and understand its nature. Kinds of Theoretical Grammar are defined by different approaches to the problem of How to interpret lang
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.
As for the structure Theoretical Grammar can be stipulated by syntagmatic (distributive) or paradigmatic (transformative) relations.
Grammatical categories.
To the main notions in the study of Theoretical Grammar the following ones are included: grammatical category; grammatical form and grammatical meaning.
Grammatical Meaning d
The notions of the Word and the Morpheme
The word morphology is based on the two Greek words morpheme and logos.
Morpheme means form.
Logos was regarded as one of
Kinds of Morphemes
Kinds of Morphemes
Root
Affix (prefix, suffix)
Inflective
Principles of subdivision of parts of speech
The whole structure of Language is divided into lexical-grammatical classes or parts of speech.
Different linguistic schools ground different ways of lexical-grammatical cl
Classification of parts of speech
The biggest subdivision of parts of speech are the ones of Categorematic words (знаменательные слова) and Syntacategorematic/syntactic words (служебные слова). The
Theory of the field structure of the word.
Theory of the Morphological Field:
In a group of words there are ones which have all indications (signs) of a definite morphological part of speech; there are also words whic
The problem of the Gender of the English Noun.
The gender of an object, thing or phenomenon is expressed with lexical, but not grammatical, means (boy – girl, man – woman, bull – caw; he-goat – she-goat; star – it; window – it, ship – it/she, e
The category of the Number.
1. The category of the Number is based on the opposition of singularity and plurality.
For example:
parent – parents, tree –trees, man –men, life – l
The category of Case.
The Case
refers to the relations of an object/thing/phenomenon (which is denoted by a noun) to other objects, actions and signs, on the one hand, and
Functions and significance of the Article.
Functionally there are two forms of the Article – definite and indefinite. The forms are not changed. Though they have definite phonetic versions/the versions in pronunciation (drawing 4.1):
Functions and significance of the Article
There are three general functions of the Article: morphological, syntactic and semantic.
1). Morphological function of the Article.
Article is the main formal material morp
Grammatical Meaning of the Verb
The Verb refers to the Categorematic parts of speech:
it has lexical meaning and can take a definite syntactic position and serve some functions of a member of a sentence.
Semantic Classification
There are three main subclassifications that are based on the Principle of Meaning, both Lexical and Grammatical (tab. 5.2).
Table 5.2
Scheme of the 1
I Categories of the Finite Verbs
The Voice (Active, Passive): expresses relations of an action, its agent and object (an agent does an action (the Active Voice); an action is done over the agent or at the objec
Functions and Significance of the Non-Finite Forms
As for the morphological form there is a subdivision. They are said to be Simple Non-Finite forms and Analytical Non-Finite Forms.
Two morphological forms of the Non-F
Classification of Word-combinations
General Classification. All word-combinations (WC) can be divided into two general groups on the ground of:
4) Principle of Form (inner structure, grammatical morphological r
PRACTICE I
Task 1: join the given language elements thus to form sуntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between or among them.
Has been cleaning, meaning, an, has been peeled, bea
TEST I (S)
The task:match an item from the left column with its explanation given in the right one.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
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