Functions and significance of the Article - раздел Образование, THEORETICAL GRAMMAR There Are Three General Functions Of The Article: Morphological, Syntactic An...
There are three general functions of the Article: morphological, syntactic and semantic.
1). Morphological function of the Article.
Article is the main formal material morphological index of the Noun.
For example:
*Would you sponge the water from the table? (water is the noun: it is defined by the article which is a formal index of the Noun);
*Would you water the flowers? (water is the verb: it follows after the personal pronoun in the function of the Subject (direct word order in English))
2). Syntactic function of the Article.
It is called the function of the index of a group of the Noun’s left limit: Article forms a left limit to the following after it group of words that define or attribute the Noun which takes the limit right position. Article defines the Noun but not obligatory is put directly before the Noun.
For example:
A house; A big house; A big stone house; A comfortable big stone house, etc.
3). Semantic function of the Article.
Semantically the Article can express:
a) a certain identification (a concrete or unique thing);
b) a reference to a class of homogeneous or similar things (any of the class).
A. The Meaning of identification is the main for the Definite Article the.
The can mainly be used:
a) in the repeated nomination of an object:
For example:
A day was terrific! I will never forget theday.
b) with the limiting attribute:
For example:
The man, who entered, was really nice.
c) when it is stipulated by the situation:
For example:
Not a word was spoken in theparlor.
d) to define unique phenomena:
For example:
The sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, etc.
e) to express the meaning of the whole class of things;
For example:
The dog is a domestic animal.
B. The reference to a class of homogeneous or similar things (any of the class) creates the Grammatical Meaning of the Indefinite Article (a/an).
A/an can mainly be used:
a) to present a definite object which is not distinguished from the class of homogeneous or similar ones; presents a thing as one from a class:
For example:
You can read a book while waiting.
He is going to be a doctor.
b) to express a generalized meaning which is realized in sentences expressing abstract classification:
For example:
A swarm (any) is more beautiful than a goose (any).
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Functions and significance of the Article
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The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
Theoretical Grammaris a section of linguistics that studies grammar system of language.
Grammar system of language refers to the whole complex of conformitie
Kinds of Theoretical Grammar
To explain and interpreter a phenomenon means to reveal and understand its nature. Kinds of Theoretical Grammar are defined by different approaches to the problem of How to interpret lang
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.
As for the structure Theoretical Grammar can be stipulated by syntagmatic (distributive) or paradigmatic (transformative) relations.
Grammatical categories.
To the main notions in the study of Theoretical Grammar the following ones are included: grammatical category; grammatical form and grammatical meaning.
Grammatical Meaning d
The notions of the Word and the Morpheme
The word morphology is based on the two Greek words morpheme and logos.
Morpheme means form.
Logos was regarded as one of
Kinds of Morphemes
Kinds of Morphemes
Root
Affix (prefix, suffix)
Inflective
Principles of subdivision of parts of speech
The whole structure of Language is divided into lexical-grammatical classes or parts of speech.
Different linguistic schools ground different ways of lexical-grammatical cl
Classification of parts of speech
The biggest subdivision of parts of speech are the ones of Categorematic words (знаменательные слова) and Syntacategorematic/syntactic words (служебные слова). The
Theory of the field structure of the word.
Theory of the Morphological Field:
In a group of words there are ones which have all indications (signs) of a definite morphological part of speech; there are also words whic
The problem of the Gender of the English Noun.
The gender of an object, thing or phenomenon is expressed with lexical, but not grammatical, means (boy – girl, man – woman, bull – caw; he-goat – she-goat; star – it; window – it, ship – it/she, e
The category of the Number.
1. The category of the Number is based on the opposition of singularity and plurality.
For example:
parent – parents, tree –trees, man –men, life – l
The category of Case.
The Case
refers to the relations of an object/thing/phenomenon (which is denoted by a noun) to other objects, actions and signs, on the one hand, and
Functions and significance of the Article.
Functionally there are two forms of the Article – definite and indefinite. The forms are not changed. Though they have definite phonetic versions/the versions in pronunciation (drawing 4.1):
Grammatical Meaning of the Verb
The Verb refers to the Categorematic parts of speech:
it has lexical meaning and can take a definite syntactic position and serve some functions of a member of a sentence.
Semantic Classification
There are three main subclassifications that are based on the Principle of Meaning, both Lexical and Grammatical (tab. 5.2).
Table 5.2
Scheme of the 1
I Categories of the Finite Verbs
The Voice (Active, Passive): expresses relations of an action, its agent and object (an agent does an action (the Active Voice); an action is done over the agent or at the objec
Functions and Significance of the Non-Finite Forms
As for the morphological form there is a subdivision. They are said to be Simple Non-Finite forms and Analytical Non-Finite Forms.
Two morphological forms of the Non-F
Classification of Word-combinations
General Classification. All word-combinations (WC) can be divided into two general groups on the ground of:
4) Principle of Form (inner structure, grammatical morphological r
PRACTICE I
Task 1: join the given language elements thus to form sуntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between or among them.
Has been cleaning, meaning, an, has been peeled, bea
TEST I (S)
The task:match an item from the left column with its explanation given in the right one.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
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