Three Morphological Forms of the Noun in the Category of the Article
Three Morphological Forms of the Noun in the Category of the Article - раздел Образование, THEORETICAL GRAMMAR Morphological
Form
Grammatical Meani...
Morphological
Form
Grammatical Meaning
Its versions in
Singular
Plural
Zero form
attitude to a thing as to a general phenomenon
cake
cakes
Cake is nice food.
Cakes are liked by kids.
A-form
treating a thing as any representative of a class of things
a cake
__
I’d like a cake.
The-form
considering a thing as a unique or concrete known one
the cake
the cakes
The cake we’ve eaten was delicious!
The cakes we’ve eaten were delicious!
Secondly, Christophersen stipulated his approach with the following arguments:
1) Article resembles the Auxiliary of the Verb as both of them create a definite analytical form of a part of speech, auxiliary verbs – of the Verb, articles – of the Noun. He stipulates Article as the Auxiliary of the Noun on the ground of the following arguments:
a) article is a formal morphological index of the Noun;
b) article does not have Lexical Meaning.
BUT these arguments are not enough and there is a confusion:
a) article is not a pure unique index of the Noun.
For example:
(The) water (noun) was wonderful those days. They water (verb) flowers.
b) article is a definer of the Noun but it does not create Morphological Forms of it whereas auxiliaries create new Morphological forms of the Verb, they change it. Consequently, there is a syntactic connection of the Article and the Noun and there is not of the Auxiliary and the Verb.
For example:
*Article can be substituted by another proper word/pronoun (syntactic connection):
The man is a smart one. = This man is a smart one.
A girl suddenly came in. = Some girl suddenly came in.
*Auxiliary cannot be replaced/substituted by any other word (morphological connection):
He is singing a beautiful song. We have been climbing the rock for three hours.
In the Occidental science there has still been some arguments to the problem of Article (where to refer it). In the Post-Soviet science the Article is treated as a Syntacategorematic part of speech.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
Theoretical Grammaris a section of linguistics that studies grammar system of language.
Grammar system of language refers to the whole complex of conformitie
Kinds of Theoretical Grammar
To explain and interpreter a phenomenon means to reveal and understand its nature. Kinds of Theoretical Grammar are defined by different approaches to the problem of How to interpret lang
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.
As for the structure Theoretical Grammar can be stipulated by syntagmatic (distributive) or paradigmatic (transformative) relations.
Grammatical categories.
To the main notions in the study of Theoretical Grammar the following ones are included: grammatical category; grammatical form and grammatical meaning.
Grammatical Meaning d
The notions of the Word and the Morpheme
The word morphology is based on the two Greek words morpheme and logos.
Morpheme means form.
Logos was regarded as one of
Kinds of Morphemes
Kinds of Morphemes
Root
Affix (prefix, suffix)
Inflective
Principles of subdivision of parts of speech
The whole structure of Language is divided into lexical-grammatical classes or parts of speech.
Different linguistic schools ground different ways of lexical-grammatical cl
Classification of parts of speech
The biggest subdivision of parts of speech are the ones of Categorematic words (знаменательные слова) and Syntacategorematic/syntactic words (служебные слова). The
Theory of the field structure of the word.
Theory of the Morphological Field:
In a group of words there are ones which have all indications (signs) of a definite morphological part of speech; there are also words whic
The problem of the Gender of the English Noun.
The gender of an object, thing or phenomenon is expressed with lexical, but not grammatical, means (boy – girl, man – woman, bull – caw; he-goat – she-goat; star – it; window – it, ship – it/she, e
The category of the Number.
1. The category of the Number is based on the opposition of singularity and plurality.
For example:
parent – parents, tree –trees, man –men, life – l
The category of Case.
The Case
refers to the relations of an object/thing/phenomenon (which is denoted by a noun) to other objects, actions and signs, on the one hand, and
Functions and significance of the Article.
Functionally there are two forms of the Article – definite and indefinite. The forms are not changed. Though they have definite phonetic versions/the versions in pronunciation (drawing 4.1):
Functions and significance of the Article
There are three general functions of the Article: morphological, syntactic and semantic.
1). Morphological function of the Article.
Article is the main formal material morp
Grammatical Meaning of the Verb
The Verb refers to the Categorematic parts of speech:
it has lexical meaning and can take a definite syntactic position and serve some functions of a member of a sentence.
Semantic Classification
There are three main subclassifications that are based on the Principle of Meaning, both Lexical and Grammatical (tab. 5.2).
Table 5.2
Scheme of the 1
I Categories of the Finite Verbs
The Voice (Active, Passive): expresses relations of an action, its agent and object (an agent does an action (the Active Voice); an action is done over the agent or at the objec
Functions and Significance of the Non-Finite Forms
As for the morphological form there is a subdivision. They are said to be Simple Non-Finite forms and Analytical Non-Finite Forms.
Two morphological forms of the Non-F
Classification of Word-combinations
General Classification. All word-combinations (WC) can be divided into two general groups on the ground of:
4) Principle of Form (inner structure, grammatical morphological r
PRACTICE I
Task 1: join the given language elements thus to form sуntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between or among them.
Has been cleaning, meaning, an, has been peeled, bea
TEST I (S)
The task:match an item from the left column with its explanation given in the right one.
The Subject of Theoretical Grammar
Новости и инфо для студентов